ASTM F513-2012 Standard Specification for Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players《曲棍球运动员眼睛和面部防护装置的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation:F51300 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Safety Specification for Designation: F513 12Specification forEye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F513; the number immediately following the designation indi

2、cates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIce hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic h

3、azards. Protective equipment can not eliminate allinjuries, but will substantially reduce their severity and frequency. Participation in this sport by aplayer implies acceptance of some injury risk.The goal of protective equipment is to minimize the riskof injury.After careful consideration of the m

4、echanisms and forces involved in hockey injuries, thisspecification for eye and facial protective equipment has been prepared. A significant reduction ofoculo-facial injuries by the use of facial protective equipment is an expected result.Performance requirements are presented that are intended to m

5、inimize injury with minimalimpairment of the form and appeal of the sport. The committee considers this specification aspreliminary, subject to revision as indicated by subsequent injury statistics. With these goals in mind,the impact and penetration requirements were determined. It is realized that

6、 ocular and facial injurieswill still be possible; however, it was felt that more stringent requirements may interfere with playerperformance.In addition to the use of facial protective equipment conforming to this specification, the followingrecommendations are made: (1) A minimal stick blade width

7、 of 70 mm (2.8 in.) (per accepted rulebook limits); (2) Modification to rear blade of the ice skate to prevent penetration through wire meshmasks; (3) Stricter rules against high sticking; and (4) Stricter rules and enforcement against fighting.All of the requirements of this specification are subje

8、ct to modification if future statistics demonstratesignificant injuries under game conditions; (5) If full face wire protectors are used for goaltenders, athroat protector must be affixed.1. Scope1.1This consumer safety specification covers eye and face protective equipment for hockey players.1.2Thi

9、s specification is intended to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involving the faceincluding eyes.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4The following precautionary caveat

10、pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7 of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the

11、 applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.1 This specification covers performance requirements and test methods for face protectors marketed, sold, and intended forice hockey.1.2 The intent of this specification is to reduce the risk of injury to the face without compromising the form

12、or appeal of thegame. To do so, the face protector shall be used:1.2.1 As intended within the rules of the game and1.2.2 In accordance with the manufacturers instructions.1.3 Ice hockey is a sport with intrinsic hazards associated with the normal conduct of the game. Participation in ice hockeyimpli

13、es the acceptance of some risk of injury. Use of a face protector certified to this specification will not prevent all injuries.1.4 This specification has been prepared after careful consideration of the frequency and mechanisms associated with facial and1This specification is under the jurisdiction

14、 of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.15 on IceHockey.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F51300. DOI:10.1520/F0513-00R07.Current e

15、dition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F513 00 (2007). DOI:10.1520/F0513-12.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been

16、made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.C

17、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.eye injuries that can potentially occur within the rules of the game of ice hockey.1.5 Requirements and the corresponding test methods, where appropriate, are given for the following:1.5.

18、1 Construction,1.5.2 Puck impact resistance,1.5.3 Penetration,1.5.4 Field of vision, and1.5.5 Marking and information.1.6 Face protection is intended for use by players, goalkeepers, and certain functionaries (for example, referees and coaches).Types of protectors considered under this specification

19、 are:1.6.1 Type B1A full-face protector intended for use by persons older than ten years of age, other than goaltenders;1.6.2 Type B2A full-face protector intended for use by persons ten years of age or younger, other than goaltenders; and1.6.3 Type C (Visor)A visor intended for use by person in the

20、 junior age category and older, other than goaltenders.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.1.9 Although the int

21、ended primary application of this specification is stated in this scope, note that it remains the responsibilityof the users of this specification to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with

22、its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Standards:National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 374

23、Federal Test Methods Standards, No. 46,Method3022 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness2.2 American National Standards:ANSI Z80.1,1979, Requirements for First-Quality Prescription Opthalmic

24、 LensesANSI Z80.3,1977, Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1,1979, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectors CSA Standard:CSA Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1astigmatism3.1.1 For

25、the purposes of this specification, the following definitions apply.3.1.2 chip, na condition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point. The lines being mutuallyperpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart

26、.3.1.2binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which is shared by both eyes simultaneously. readily visible particle missingfrom the protector with an area bigger than 9 mm2.3.1.3 central viewing zonecollimated light source (source of illumination), nthat part of the lens which has its center in

27、linewith the wearers line of sight when looking straight. The zone is a truncated circle 60 mm (2.4 in.) in diameter centered on theabove points. The upper portion is truncated 20 mm (0.8 in.) above the center line. The center of the central viewing zone shallbe the point of intersection of the line

28、 of sight with the lens as mounted on the Alderson headform. quartz halogen lamp (17lx or 1.58 footcandles) producing a 100-mm beam at 6-m distance that is centered on the pupils of the eyes of the headform orthe midpoint between the pupils of the eyes of the headform; this centering is maintained a

29、t all times during the optical qualitytest.3.1.4 eyecombination, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or the eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would normally look. combined unit of a full-face protector or visor placed ona hock

30、ey helmet with which it is designed to be used.3.1.5 eye of the headformcomputer interface, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of theAlderson fiftieth percentileheadform. linkage between the computer, the goniometer, and the sensors that enables a fully automated measurement processvia

31、 a menu-driven operation during the optical quality test.2Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A

32、STM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.3Available from the Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontar

33、io L4W 5N6 Canada.F513 1223.1.6 hazedioptre, nthe fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam which is not transmitted in afocused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility. measure ofthe power of a lens or

34、a prism equal to the reciprocal of its focal length expressed in metres.3.1.7 impact resistantfield of vision, adjthe ability of a device to afford protection from impact as required by this standard.nprojection outward of all retinal points (the nervous layer of the eye) at which visual sensations

35、can be initiated (see Fig. 1).3.1.7.1 inferior (downward), advrefers to an angle in the vertical plane measured downwards from the horizontal.3.1.7.2 nasally, advrefers to an angle in the horizontal plane measured from the primary position of gaze to the left for theright eye and from the primary po

36、sition of gaze to the right for the left eye.3.1.7.3 superior (upward), advrefers to an angle in the vertical plane measured upwards from the horizontal.3.1.7.4 temporally, advrefers to an angle in the horizontal plane measured from the primary position of gaze to the right forthe right eye and from

37、 the primary position of gaze to the left for the left eye.3.1.8 interpupillary distance, P.D.glabella, nthe distance between the center of the pupils of the eyes. most prominentmidline point between the eyebrows identical to the bony glabella of the frontal bone.3.1.9 lensgoniometer, nwhen so equip

38、ped, the transparent part or parts of a protective device through which the wearernormally sees. positioning device that moves the headform such that the angular rotation and movement in both the horizontaland vertical directions enables a spherical scan to be made of the fields of vision as seen th

39、rough a face protector or visor.3.1.10 luminous transmittancehaze, nluminous transmittance is a function of a spectral transmittance of the lens weighted bythe corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colormetric observer andby the spectral

40、intensity of standard illuminant A. (SeeANSI Z80.3, 1977, paragraph 2.9.1). percentage of transmitted light that,in passing through the specimen, deviates from the incident beam by forward scattering.3.1.11 power imbalancehelmet positioning index, HPI, na condition that exists when the refractive po

41、wer created by the rightlens of a protective device is different from that of the left lens.3.1.12prism, vertical distance measured at the median plane, from the front edge of the helmet to the basic plane, when thehelmet is placed on the reference headform.3.1.12 impact sites for testing face prote

42、ctors:3.1.12.1 eye impact, nthe angular deviation of a ray of light as it passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which theray strikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of the material from which it is made. point in the horizontal plane25 to the median plane and in the

43、direction of the eye (see Fig. 2).3.1.12.2 mouth impact, npoint in the intersection between the horizontal plane and the median plane in the direction of thecenter of the mouth.3.1.12.3 side impact, npoint halfway between the mouth level and the eye level in the horizontal plane, 25 to the medianpla

44、ne, and in the direction of the axis formed by the intersection of the median plane and the frontal plane (see Fig. 2).FIG. 1 Peripheral Field of VisionF513 1233.1.13 prism imbalance:3.1.13.1vertical imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two e

45、yes of aprotective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.13.2horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in a horizontal meridian. (See Section 7.)3.1.13.3base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that te

46、nds to cause parallel rays of light passing through a protector,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to converge.3.1.13.4base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance which tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to

47、diverge. interpupillary distance, PD, ndistance in millimetres betweenthe centers of the pupils of both eyes on the facially featured headform.3.1.14 protective device (or protector)laser, na device that provides protection to the wearers eyes against specific hazardsencountered in sports. luminous

48、device used for alignment of the sensors.3.1.15 refractive powerluminous transmittance, nthe focusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters. ratio of the lighttransmitted by a medium to the incident light.3.1.16 resolution (optical)menton, nthe characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct

49、 points in close proximity to bediscerned when looking through the lens. lowest point on the mandibular symphysis.3.1.17 spherical powerno-contact zone, nthe most positive meridional astigmatic power of a lens. designated zone of theheadform in which contact is not permitted during the puck impact resistance test (see 4.8 and Fig. 3).FIG. 2 Puck Impact Sites for Testing Face ProtectorsF513 1243.1.18 tintoptical clarity, na characteristic of a transparent material that allows a specific color to appear dominant and reducesth