ASTM F1979-2010(2014) Standard Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball《彩弹球运动用球的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1979 10F1979 10 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Specification forPaintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t

2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification sets forth a set of guidelines and testing procedures for the manu

3、facturing ofcommon calibers of paintball. The goal is to provide paintball manufacturers with a specification thatpromotes safety in the sport of paintball.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes testing procedures and critical characteristics of common calibers of paintball which helpdefine whet

4、her a paintball is suitable for use in the sport of paintball. Furthermore, the specification establishes minimum warningand package labeling to help ensure that the paintballs are used in a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.1.2 This specification does not cover non-recreational pai

5、ntballs, for example, those used by law enforcement, scientific,military, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety issues

6、associated with the sport of paintball. It is theresponsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to comply with all applicablelaws and regulations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2272 Specification for Paintball Markers3. Terminol

7、ogy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of a paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diameter of thepaintball.3.1.2 cubic centimeter, ncommonly used unit of volume extending the derived SI-unit cubic meter and correspon

8、ding to thevolume of a cube measuring 1 1 1 cm.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe mass of one cubic centimeter of water is approximately equal to 1 g.3.1.3 fill material, nliquid inside of a paintball.3.1.4 paintball, nspherical ball, with a diameter and weight as defined in Table 1, comprised of a shell and a f

9、ill, and designedto be expelled from a paintball marker.3.1.5 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed to discharge paintballs which conforms to Specification F2272.3.1.6 shellrigid to semirigid material (generally of gelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.1 This specification is

10、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.Current edition approved July 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published August 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Las

11、t previous edition approved in 20092010as F1979 09.F1979 10. DOI: 10.1520/F1979-10.10.1520/F1979-10R14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards

12、Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, AS

13、TM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Gen

14、eral Requirements4.1 pH of Fill MaterialThe pH of the fill material used in the paintball shall measure between 4.0 and 8.0 as measured usinga 10 % solution of the fill in distilled water. Measurements shall be made using a properly calibrated pH meter. See Fig. 1 for thepH scale and pH levels for s

15、ome common items.4.2 Paintball Fill Compatibility With PolycarbonateWhen tested in accordance with Section 5, no more than one of the threepolycarbonate tensile bars exposed to the fill material shall develop a visible crack that is greater than 6.5 mm (0.256 in.) in length.4.3 Maximum WeightThe pai

16、ntballs shall not weigh more than as defined in Table 1 based on the caliber of the paintball.4.4 Fill Color LimitationsThe paintballs shall not contain fill material with a color mimicking that of human blood.4.5 Diameter of PaintballThe diameter of the paintball as measured both polar and at the s

17、eam shall measure within theminimum and maximum range as defined in Table 1 based on the caliber of the paintball.4.6 Impact BreakageThe impact breakage of the paintball shall be tested in accordance with Section 6.All ten of the paintballsthat impact the target shall break upon impact.4.7 Environme

18、ntal SafetyPaintballs shall not contain environmentally hazardous or toxic substances as defined in CERCLA3Regulations 40CFR302.4; SARA Toxic Chemical List4 Section 313; Clean Air Act5, Section 112B; and RCRA Regulations640FRR261.24 through 40CFR261.33.TEST METHODS5. Paintball Compatibility with Pol

19、ycarbonate5.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine the compatibility of the paintball fill with polycarbonate, the plasticmaterial currently universally used for protective eyewear lenses in paintball.5.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involves bending polycarbonate tensile bars in

20、 a test fixture while these barsare exposed to the paintball fill material and observing how these tensile bars react to the fill.Acontrol test is also conducted usingtap water in place of the paintball fill material.3 U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Designation of Hazardous Substances List of

21、 Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities,” Comprehensive EnvironmentalResponse Compensation and Liabilities Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR302.4, April 4, 1985.4 U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “SuperfundAmendment and ReauthorizationAct,” Environmental Protection Agency Regulation,

22、 Bureau of FederalAffairs, TitleIII, 1986.5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “National Emission Standards for Air Pollutants List of Hazardous Air Pollutants,” Clean Air Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs,Section 112B, 1967.6 U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Definition of Characteristic and Li

23、sted Hazardous Waste, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste,” Resource Conservationand Recovery Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR261, May 19, 1980.TABLE 1 Common Calibers of Paintballs with Minimum and Maximum Diameter and Maximum Weight68 Caliber18 mm43 Caliber11 mm50 Caliber13 mm55 Cal

24、iber14 mm62 Caliber16 mmMin (mm) Diameter 16.500 10.430 12.130 13.340 15.000Max (mm) Diameter 18.000 11.390 13.240 14.560 16.420Min (in) Diameter 0.650 0.410 0.470 0.520 0.590Max (in.) Diameter 0.709 0.448 0.521 0.573 0.646Weight (g) Maximum 3.500 0.900 1.400 1.700 2.500Weight (oz) Maximum 0.123 0.0

25、32 0.049 0.060 0.088FIG. 1 The pH ScaleF1979 10 (2014)25.3 Significance and UseThis test method provides a means to help determine the suitability of specific paintball fill materialfor use in the sport of paintball. This test method provides a relative indicator of the reaction that a polycarbonate

26、 lens would haveto the paintball fill material being tested.5.4 Apparatus:This test method shall be conducted using a test fixture as shown in Fig. 2. The tensile bars7 used in the test shall be moldedof clear 121 grade Lexan8, polycarbonate (Fig. 3).5.5 Procedure:5.5.1 Test 3 separate tensile bars

27、for each type of paint being tested. Test a total of 2 tensile bars in the control test using tapwater.5.5.2 Place the fill from 4 paintballs of the tested paint into a polyethylene bag, (the zip-lock variety works well), along withone tensile bar. Place 15 mL (12 oz) of tap water, along with one te

28、nsile bar into each of the two control sample polyethylene bags.Wrap each bag around the bar so that the fill or water is in contact with the center of the bar, and seal the bag to prevent fill leakageor evaporation.5.5.3 Bend the bagged tensile bars between the two stops on the test fixture (Fig. 2

29、), which induces a 1.0 % strain orapproximately 175.75 k/cm2 (2500 psi). Store the bent tensile bars in the test fixture at room temperature 23 6 2C (73 6 3.5F)for 7 days. During the entire 7-day period, the paintball fill material shall be in contact with the center of the tensile bars. Invertingth

30、e test fixture is one method of ensuring this contact. Wrapping the bag snugly around the tensile bars is another proven method.5.5.4 After 7 days, remove the tensile bars from the test fixture and rinse with clean tap water. Dry the tensile bars and inspectfor cracks.5.6 ReportInspect the tensile b

31、ars for cracks by holding the bars vertically facing either direct sunlight or a bright light source.Tilt the bars slightly to highlight any cracks. Record and report the length of the longest crack on each tensile bar. If either of thetensile bars used in the control test exhibit a crack of 3 mm (0

32、.112 in.) in length, and cracks longer than 6.5 mm have also beenfound in two of the three tensile bars exposed to the fill material, the test may be considered invalid and performed again usinga different batch of tensile bars.7 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at t

33、his time is Hi Tech Mold and Tool Inc., 1520 East St., Pittsfield, MA 01201. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may

34、 attend.8 Lexan is a trademark of GE Plastics.FIG. 2 Tensile Bar Shown Without WrappingFIG. 3 Tensile BarF1979 10 (2014)35.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test method since this test methodis nonquantitative.6. Paintball Impact Breakage Test

35、6.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine the ability of the paintballs to burst upon impact.6.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involves shooting paintballs from a paintgun at a target, within the parametersof this specification, to test for the breakage of the paintballs upon the t

36、arget.6.3 Significance and UseIn the sport of paintball, a player who is marked with fill of a paintball is eliminated from the game,and thus it is desirable that a paintball be designed within parameters such that its outer shell can split open and allow its fill tomark the player. This test method

37、 provides a means of identifying the breakage ability of paintballs within parameters thatreasonably approximate conditions common in the game of paintball. This test method provides a means of identifying thebreakage of paintballs by impacting a target at a velocity common in the game of paintball.

38、6.4 SamplingSelect 30 paintballs at random from the lot of paintballs being tested.6.5 Apparatus:6.5.1 Apaintball marker capable of hurling paintballs horizontally at a speed of 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s) that complies withSpecification F2272. Each shots muzzle velocity shall be measured and if no

39、t within tolerance, that impact is not valid.6.5.2 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the test paintball shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (620 ft/s) muzzlevelocity.6.6 Conditioning:6.6.1 All impact testing shall be done using paintballs manufactured within the previous 8 months.6.6.2 Pai

40、ntball storage and the non-test handling shall be done at a relative humidity below 65 % and a temperature between19C (66F) and 27C (80F).6.6.3 Paintballs shall be conditioned in their original sealed container for at least 4 h at the humidity and temperature specifiedin 6.6.2.6.6.4 The testing shal

41、l be conducted at the temperatures specified in 6.6.2 and shall be completed within 10 min after removalof the paintball from the sealed container. The paintball container shall be resealed immediately after each group of paintballs isremoved.6.7 Procedure:6.7.1 Secure a plywood target with a minimu

42、m thickness of 10-mm vertically at a distance of 24.4 6 0.3-m (80 6 1-ft) linearground distance from the muzzle of the paintball marker. Width and length of the target to be of a size that the laboratorydetermines necessary to hit the target.6.7.2 Measure the velocity of the paintball within 1.0 m (

43、3.3 ft) of the muzzle of the propelling device. Paintball velocity shallbe 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s).6.7.3 Impact the plywood target with ten paintballs at an angle nominally normal to the target and at the distance in accordancewith 6.7.1. Only those shots that are within the velocity tolerance

44、in accordance with 6.7.2 shall be used in this test method.6.8 Precision and BiasNo information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test method since this test methodis nonquantitative.7. Product Marking7.1 General Instructions:7.1.1 Warnings, instructions, caliber, quantity cont

45、ained in the container, and the name and address of the manufacturer ordistributor shall appear on the exterior of each point of sale container in which a manufacturer packages its paintballs.7.1.2 The lot number of paintballs shall appear on each point of sale container containing 500 or more paint

46、balls.7.1.3 The size of the print for warnings, instructions, and manufacturers information shall be of a type size of at least 8 points.The add letters in the word WARNING shall be at least 50 % larger than the letters in the other words in the cautionary statement.7.2 Warning InformationThe follow

47、ing warning information or its equivalent shall appear as defined in 7.1.7.2.1 These paintballs are intended only for use in the sport of paintball; follow all rules for safe paintball play.7.2.2 Goggles, facemasks, and ear protection designed specifically for use in paintball games are mandatory at

48、 all times for allpersons who are within paintball gun range.7.2.3 Failure to follow the rules for safe paintball play, and the instructions and recommendations in this specification, mayresult in bodily injury including face, eye, and ear injury, blindness, or deafness.7.2.4 Do not shoot paintballs

49、 at a speed in excess of 300 ft/s (92 m/s).7.2.5 Do not ingest.7.3 Instruction Information: The following instruction information or its equivalent shall be in accordance with 7.1.F1979 10 (2014)47.3.1 Failure to follow these storage instructions may adversely affect performance and quality and increase the possibility ofinjury.7.3.2 Instructions on how to properly store paintballs including: temperature and humidity ranges for storage and packagingrequirements.8. Keywords8.1 caliber; paintball; paintball marker; paintball sportsASTM Int