ASTM F1808-2003(2008) Standard Guide for Weight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships《水面舰艇重量控制技术要求的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1808 03 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Guide forWeight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1808; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th

2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This

3、guide provides recommended weight control tech-nical requirements for surface ships and discusses differenttypes of weight estimates, reports, and weight control proce-dures. It contains a weight classification that will assist inachieving uniformity by standardizing the weight-reportingsystem.1.2 T

4、his guide is applicable to ships designed and con-structed in inch-pound units of measurement and to shipsdesigned and constructed in SI units of measurement. When-ever inch-pound units are shown or referred to in the text, or inexample formats included in this guide, it is to be understoodthat corr

5、esponding SI units may be substituted if applicable toa ship designed and constructed in SI units, provided thatwhichever system is used, it is consistently used in all weightcontrol reporting documentation for the ship.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1321 Guide for Conducting a Stabili

6、ty Test (LightweightSurvey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the LightShip Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a VesselF 1332 Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in MaritimeApplications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEE/ASTMSI 10)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 agreed weight and center

7、 of gravity estimate, nanestimate of light ship weight and centers of gravity data,mutually agreed upon between the owner and the shipbuildershortly after award of the shipbuilding contract, based on theship design information, for example, specifications, drawings,and so forth, available at the tim

8、e of award.3.1.2 as-built weight and center of gravity estimate, nadetailed final estimate of light ship weight and centers ofgravity data, adjusted for inclining experiment results, reflect-ing the as-built ship including the net effect of contractmodifications.3.1.3 center of gravity, nthe point t

9、hrough which theresultant of all gravitational forces on a ship or a componentpasses.The location, a balance point, at which the entire weightof a ship may be considered to be concentrated.3.1.4 deadweight, nthe total carrying capacity of a shipincluding weight of cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, fresh

10、 water intanks, stores, passengers and baggage, and crew and theireffects.3.1.5 inclining experiment, na procedure performed on acompleted, or almost completed, ship to establish experimen-tally the light ship values of the displacement and the vertical,longitudinal, and transverse positions of its

11、center of gravity(see Guide F 1321 for detailed procedures).3.1.6 independent weight and center of gravity estimate,nthe estimate of light ship weight and centers of gravityperformed by the shipbuilder shortly after award of theshipbuilding contract based on the ship design informationavailable at t

12、he time of award. When compared with theowners estimate and upon resolution of differences, an agreedupon weight and center of gravity estimate will result.3.1.7 light ship weight, nthe weight of the ship with all itsequipment and outfit, including permanent (fixed) solid orliquid ballast, spare par

13、ts that are carried on board, water inboilers at operating levels, machinery including Marine Sani-tation Device units in working condition, lubricating oil in allmachinery, but not in storage tanks, and liquids in all pipingsystems.3.1.8 longitudinal center of gravity (LCG), nthe pointthrough which

14、 the gravitational forces on a ship pass, measuredlongitudinally from amidships, measured from the forwardperpendicular, or in some cases, measured from the aft perpen-dicular.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility o

15、f Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1808 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm

16、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 transverse center of gravity (TCG), nthe pointthrough wh

17、ich the gravitational forces on a ship pass, measuredtransversely, port or starboard, from the ships centerline.3.1.10 vertical center of gravity (KG or VCG), nthe pointthrough which the gravitational forces on a ship pass measuredvertically from the keel (K) or the ships baseline.3.1.11 weigh; to w

18、eigh, vas commonly understood ineveryday usage and in the maritime industry, and as usedthroughout this guide, means to determine by measuring themass of.3.1.12 weight, nas commonly understood in everydayusage and in the maritime industry, and as used throughout thisguide, is synonymous with mass. I

19、n this guide, weight ininch-pound units is measured in pounds and in long tons of2240 lbs; and in SI units (metric), weight is measured inkilograms and in metric tons of 100 kg. Refer to Practice F1332 for conversion factors to convert inch-pound quantities toSI (metric) quantities for units of weig

20、ht, moment, moments totrim, and so forth.3.1.13 weight classification, nthe system used in lightship weight estimating for grouping materials, equipment, orcomponents of the ship in a structured order to facilitatecomparison and to ensure completeness.3.1.14 weight group, none of the three major ele

21、ments oflight ship weight as used in the weight classification, that is,hull structure, outfit, and machinery.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Determination of Weight and Moment DataTheweight and moment data for all components and material andtheir overall effect on the ships weight, center of gravity, list,a

22、nd trim should be determined. As ship design or shipconstruction drawings are prepared and as material is selected,acquired, or received, the weight and centers of gravity of allitems that comprise the ship should be determined and reportedin the weight estimates and reports. These data may beobtain

23、ed by estimation or calculation during preliminary andcontract design, by a combination of estimation or calculationof ship construction drawings, and by actual weight determi-nation of items during detail design and construction.4.2 Weight Reporting and ControlThe procedures forweight reporting and

24、 control, regardless of the level of report-ing, are described in Section 6 and apply for commercial ships.The method and frequency of weight reporting can varydepending on the specific ship design, as well as the technicalrequirements set forth in the contract. The extent and level ofweight control

25、 also can vary depending on the specific shipdesign.Although the weight control technical requirements forcommercial ships usually are less demanding than those forU.S. Navy surface ships, the need for a mechanism to controlthe weight of a ship still exists. Sections S1 S4 describe thespecific weigh

26、t control technical requirements for U.S. Navysurface ships.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is important to know the amount of weight and itslocation before the ship is built to be sure that when it is builtit will have positive stability. Only through detailed weightestimating in the design stage and

27、 during construction can onebe ensured that positive stability will be achieved and retained.6. Procedure6.1 A specified number of calendar days, that is, 30, 45, 60,or 90 after date of award, as specified by the owner, theshipbuilder should submit for agreement an independentweight and center of gr

28、avity estimate. This estimate shoulddescribe the weight and centers of gravity of the ship incomprehensive detail and should include summaries and worksheets showing the detailed work performed, for example,calculations and estimates based on the design information,drawings, specification, and so fo

29、rth. Appendix X1 containssuggested forms for the independent estimate, and it includes asuggested weight classification system for the estimate. Termsused in the weight classification are defined in the MaritimeAdministration Publication, Classification of Merchant ShipWeights.36.2 A mutual agreemen

30、t between the shipbuilder and theowner on the light ship weight and centers of gravity should bereached as quickly as possible after award of the shipbuildingcontract. Agreement action should consist of a review ofshipbuilders independent weight and center of gravity esti-mates and comparison with t

31、he owners estimate. Upon reso-lution of differences, an agreed upon weight and center ofgravity estimate will result. Thereafter, the shipbuilder shouldbe responsible for obtaining in the completed vessel the agreedupon weight and center of gravity characteristics adjusted forauthorized departures f

32、rom the contracted ship design, re-flected in the agreed upon estimate.6.3 Departures from the contracted ship design, reflected inthe agreed upon estimate, which affect the light ship weightand centers of gravity, should not be undertaken until theshipbuilder has submitted to the owner his estimate

33、 of theeffect on weight and centers of gravity of the ship and obtainedwritten approval to proceed with the department. Departures,which have a total impact on any weight group of less than aspecified percentage, that is, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, or 0.04 % of thelight ship weight, may be considered negligi

34、ble and will notrequire written approval with respect to weight.6.4 The shipbuilder should submit periodically, as agreedupon, to the owner, a tabulation of approved departures andtheir cumulative effect on weight and centers of gravity of theagreed light ship estimate. In addition, when submitting

35、plansthat involve departures from the type of construction in thecontracted ship design, reflected in the estimate, the shipbuildershould itemize such departures and their effect on light shipweight and centers of gravity in his periodic reports. A finalreport should be submitted at the time of deli

36、very adjusted tobring the estimated light ship weight and centers of gravity intoreasonable agreement with the inclining experiment results.3U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration Classification ofMerchant Ship Weights, January 1985. Available from the U.S. Maritime Admin-istrati

37、on, Office of Ship Construction, MAR 720, 400 Seventh St., SW, Washington,DC 20590.F 1808 03 (2008)27. Keywords7.1 light ship; ship acquisition; weight control; weightestimate; weight reportSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purc

38、haser in thecontract or purchase order. These requirements normally are invoked for U.S. Navy Surface Ships.S1. SPECIAL GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTSS1.1 Government Documents, Drawings, andPublicationsThe following government documents, draw-ings, and publications form a part of this guide to the extentsp

39、ecified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues arethose cited in the solicitation.S1.1.1 Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Docu-ments:0900-LP-039-9020 Ship Work Breakdown Structure forNuclear Propulsion Plant (U)4S9040-AA-IDX-010/SWBS 5D, Expanded Ship WorkBreakdown Structure, Vol I5S9040-A

40、A-IDX-020/SWBS 5D, Expanded Ship WorkBreakdown Structure, Vol II5S1.2 Nongovernment PublicationsThe following docu-ment(s) form a part of this guide to the extent specified herein.Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents, whichare DOD adopted, are those listed in the issue of the Depa

41、rt-ment of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DO-DISS) cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, theissues of documents not listed in the DODISS are the issues ofthe documents cited in the solicitation (see S4.1).S1.2.1 ANSI Document:6X3.4 Code for Information InterchangeNOT

42、E S1Nongovernment standards and other publications normallyare available from the organizations that prepare or distribute thedocuments. These documents also may be available in or through librariesor other informational services.S1.3 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of a conflictbetween the text of

43、this guide and the references cited herein,the text of this guide takes precedence. Nothing in this guide,however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless aspecific exemption has been obtained.S2. TERMINOLOGYS2.1 accepted ship report (ASR), nthe ASR is the docu-ment that demonstrates the c

44、ontractors performance withregard to weight control. The ASR highlights the differencesbetween the accepted weight estimate (AWE) or the allocatedbaseline weight estimate (ABWE) and the delivered ship asinclined.S2.2 accepted weight estimate (AWE), nthe AWE definesthe weight and centers of gravity o

45、f a ship that was awardedunder a specification-type contract using the information thatwas available at the time of contract award. It establishescontractual values for weight and KG and is the baseline fordetail design and construction.S2.3 acquisition margins, nacquisition margins areweight and KG

46、 allowances included in the weight estimate tocover the inherent limits of precision and the undefinedvariations of component weight and centers of gravity that takeplace throughout the design phases and during the constructionof a ship. To provide for adequate weight control and configu-ration cont

47、rol, acquisition margins are divided into five ac-counts: preliminary design margin, contract design margin,detail design and building margin, contract modification mar-gin, and government-furnished material (GFM) margin.S2.4 actual weight, nactual weight is the value obtainedby a measurement of mat

48、erial on an accurate scale or otherweighing device.S2.5 allocated baseline weight estimate (ABWE), ntheABWE is the contractors definition of the weight and centersof gravity of a ship that was awarded under a performance-typecontract at the time of hull and propulsion configurationapproval. It is th

49、e baseline for detail design and construction.S2.6 baseline weight estimate (BWE), nthe BWE is anydesignated weight estimate that is used as a starting point in adesign phase for comparative analysis with subsequent weightestimates. Before contract award, the final estimate of eachdesign phase is usually the baseline estimate for the succeedingphase. After contract award, the AWE or ABWE usually is thebaseline estimate for the remainder of detail design andconstruction.S2.7 bidders independent weight estimate (BIWE), nthebidders (or offerors)