ASTM F1487-2017 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use《公用游乐设备的标准消费者安全性能规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1487 11F1487 17Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification establishes nationally recognized safety standardsfor public pla

3、yground equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission (CPSC).During 1999 the CPSC estimated that about 156 000 victims were treated in U.S. hospitalemergency rooms for injuries associated with public playground equipment. About three fourths ofthese injuries

4、resulted from falls, primarily to the surface on which the equipment was located. Otherhazard patterns involved impact by swings and other moving equipment and contact with protrusions,crush or shear points, and sharp edges. Fatalities reported to the CPSC resulted from falls;entanglement of clothin

5、g or similar items on equipment; entanglement in ropes tied to or caught onequipment; head entrapment; impact by equipment that tipped over or otherwise failed; and impact bymoving swings. This consumer safety performance specification does not eliminate the need forsupervision of children on public

6、 playground equipment. It is intended to minimize the likelihood oflife-threatening or debilitating injuries, such as those identified by the CPSC.There has been significant harmonization of this performance specification and CAN/CSA-Z614.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety performance specification pr

7、ovides safety and performance standards for various types of publicplayground equipment. Its purpose is to reduce life-threatening and debilitating injuries.1.2 The range of users encompassed by this consumer safety performance specification is the 5th percentile 2-year-old throughthe 95th percentil

8、e 12-year-old.1.3 Home playground equipment, toys, amusement rides, sports equipment, fitness equipment intended for users over the ageof 12, public use play equipment for children 6 to 24 months, and soft contained play equipment are not included in thisspecification.1.4 Products or materials (site

9、 furnishings) that are installed outside the equipment use zone, such as benches, tables,independent shade structures, and borders used to contain protective surfacing, are not considered playground equipment and arenot included in this specification.1.5 This specification does not address accessibi

10、lity, except as it pertains to safety issues not covered in the DOJ 2010 Standardfor Accessible Design.1.6 This consumer safety performance specification includes the following sections:Title Section NumberScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Materials and Manufacture 4General Requirements 5Per

11、formance Requirements 6Requirements for Access/Egress 71 This consumer safety performance specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.29 on Playground Equipment for Public Use.Current edition approved Oct. 15,

12、2011Feb. 15, 2017. Published October 2011April 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 asF1487 07aF1487 11.1. DOI: 10.1520/F1487-11.10.1520/F1487-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication

13、of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consider

14、ed the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Equipment 8Playground Layout 9Accessibility 10Installation 11Structural Integrity 12Maintenance 13Labeling 14Signs or Labels, or Both 14Information Signage and L

15、abels 15Manufacturer Identification 15Keywords 16Figures Annex A11.6.1 The requirements in this specification are designed to mitigate the hazards typically presented by various types ofequipment. New equipment may not specifically fit into the designated types listed in the specification; however,

16、the designer ormanufacturer, or both, shall use professional judgment to perform and document a hazard analysis and follow appropriaterequirements to mitigate the hazards.1.7 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:1.7.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless otherwise specified

17、) are as follows:Dimension ToleranceX in. 0.5 in.X.X in. 0.05 in.X.XX in. 0.005 in.These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.1.7.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in pa

18、rentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only.1.7.3 The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 0.45359 kg.1.7.4 See Annex A1 for figures referenced throughout this specification.1.7.5 This standard does not purport

19、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in acc

20、ordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM

21、Standards:2D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessF698 Specification for Physical Information to be Provided for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2009)3F846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures fo

22、r Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)3F893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2013)3F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1004 Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable EnclosuresF1077 Guide for Selection of Committee F16 Fastener Sp

23、ecifications (Withdrawn 2014)3F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground EquipmentF1159 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices that are Outside the Purview of Other F24 Design StandardsF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the U

24、se Zone of Playground EquipmentF1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play EquipmentF1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground EquipmentF2373 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Public Use Play Equipment for Chil

25、dren 6 Months through 23 Months2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color CodeANSI Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety SignsANSI Z535.4 Products SafetySigns and Labels2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A

26、nnual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, N

27、Y 10036.F1487 1722.3 Federal Standards:516 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, including Sections:1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and OtherArticles

28、 Intended for Use by Children Under8 Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age16 CFR Section 1501 Method for IdentifyingToys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3

29、Years ofAgeWhichPresent Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small PartsDOJ 2010 Standard forAccessible Design United States Department of Justice (DOJ) 2010 Standard forAccessible Design:TitleII (28 CFR 35) and Title III (28 CFR 36)62.4 UL Standard:7UL 969 Standard for Safety: Markin

30、g and Labeling Systems2.5 CSA Standard:8CAN/CSA-Z614 Childrens Playspaces and Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible, adjrelating to a part or portion of the playground equipment that (1) can be contacted by any body part or(2) is approachable or u

31、sable, or both, by persons with disabilities.3.1.2 accessible playground, nplayground equipment area, that, when viewed in its entirety, may be approached, and enteredand provides a range of play opportunities and experiences to users of varying abilities.3.1.3 accessible route, npathway specificall

32、y designed to provide access for individuals with disabilities, including thoseusing wheelchairs or mobility devices.3.1.4 adjacent platforms, ntwo platforms having a common vertical plane with some deviation in their height.3.1.5 climbing net structure, nplayground climbing devices made of flexible

33、 components arranged in either a 2-dimensionalgrid or a 3-dimensional matrix.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSee Fig. A1.53 for examples of climbing net structures.3.1.6 completely bounded opening, nany opening in a piece of play equipment that is totally enclosed by boundaries on allsides so that the perimeter o

34、f the opening is continuous.3.1.7 component, nof a play structure, any portion thereof that generates specific activity and cannot stand alone.3.1.8 composite play structure, ntwo or more play structures attached or functionally linked, to create one integral unit thatprovides more than one play act

35、ivity; an example is a combination climber, slide, and horizontal ladder.3.1.9 crush and shear point, njuncture at which the user could suffer contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fractureduring use of the playground equipment.3.1.10 designated play surface, nany elevated surface for stan

36、ding, walking, sitting, or climbing, or a flat surface larger than2.0 in. (51 mm) wide by 2.0 in. (51 mm) long having less than 30 angle from horizontal.3.1.11 embankment slide, na slide that follows the contour of the ground and at no point is the bottom of the slide chute greaterthan 12 in. (305 m

37、m) above the surrounding ground surface.3.1.12 enclosed swing seat, nsuspended device upon which a user sits which has nonremovable supports on all sides andbetween the legs of a user. The supports are intended to prevent a user from falling out of the device while it is in motion.3.1.13 entanglemen

38、t, ncondition in which the users clothes or something around the users neck becomes caught or entwinedon a component of playground equipment.3.1.14 entrapment, nany condition which impedes withdrawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.3.1.15 fall height, nvertical distance between

39、 a designated play surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.3.1.16 flexible component, nany part of the playground equipment, excluding swings, that temporarily equipment that changesits shape when in use; examples include the tire net, the cargo net, and the log bridge.5 Available from U.S.

40、Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6 Available free at: http:/www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm.7 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.8 Availabl

41、e from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W1R3, Canada.F1487 1733.1.17 functionally linked play structure, nplay structure that acts as a single unit in its physical form or sense of function ascontinuous play even if the components are not physically attached.3.1

42、.18 g, nacceleration due to gravity at the earths surface at sea level (32 ft/s2 (9.8 m/s2).3.1.19 guardrail, ndevice around an elevated surface that prevents inadvertent falls from the elevated surface.3.1.20 handrail, nrigid linear device, following the path of access or egress, that when grasped,

43、 provides balance and supportin maintaining a specific body posture.3.1.21 head injury criteria (HIC), na measure of impact severity that considers the duration over which the most criticalsection of the deceleration pulse persists as well as the peak level of deceleration.3.1.22 maximum user, n12-y

44、ear-old child; measurement characteristics are the 95th percentile values for combined sexes.3.1.23 minimum user, na 2-year-old child; measurement characteristics are the 5th percentile values for combined sexes.3.1.24 partially bounded opening, nany opening in a piece of play equipment that is not

45、totally enclosed by boundaries onall sides so that the perimeter of the opening is discontinuous.3.1.25 platform, nflat surface, intended for more than one user to stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.3.1.26 play structure, nfree standing structure with one or more components and their

46、supporting members.3.1.27 preventive maintenance, nplanned program of inspections and maintenance intended to keep equipment functioningproperly and to forestall equipment failures.3.1.28 professional judgment, nability of an individual with current knowledge, skill or experience, or both, in the fi

47、eld ofplaygrounds/playground equipment design, use, or operations, which enables the person to form an opinion or make a decision,or both, concerning a matter within that field of expertise.3.1.29 projection, ncondition which, due to its physical nature, must be tested to the requirements of this st

48、andard todetermine whether it is a protrusion or entanglement hazard, or both.3.1.30 protective barrier, nenclosing device around an elevated surface that prevents both inadvertent and deliberate attemptsto pass through the device.3.1.31 protective surfacing, nmaterial(s) to be used within the use z

49、one of any playground equipment.3.1.31.1 DiscussionProtective surfacing shall meet the minimum impact attenuation requirements of Specification F1292.3.1.32 protrusion, nprojection which, when tested in accordance with the requirements of this standard, is found to be ahazard having the potential to cause bodily injury to a user who impacts it.3.1.33 public use playground equipment, nplay structure for use in play areas of schools, parks, child-care facilities,institutions, multiple-family dwellings, private resorts and recreatio