ASTM E805-2012 red 8125 Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials 《材料的颜色或色差测量仪器法识别的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation:E80512 Designation: E805 12aStandard Practice forIdentification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption

2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color o

3、r color difference for current communicationor for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected,transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended fordocumentation

4、 of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.1.2An adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference consists of five parts:1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting themetadata

5、 necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral co

6、nditions of measurement,1.2.3 Standards used,1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and1.2.5 Color scales employed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appr

7、opriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scal

8、e)D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Mea

9、sured Color CoordinatesD5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus ColorimetryD6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Pro

10、perties of MaterialsE259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical andBi-Directional GeometriesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE SystemE313 Practice for Calculating Yellownes

11、s and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Sp

12、ecimens by SpectrophotometryE1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on

13、Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color andAppearance Analysis.Current edition approved Feb.July 1, 2012. Published FebruaryAugust 2012. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asE80506.E805 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0805-12A.2For

14、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to

15、provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof

16、the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1348 Test Method for T

17、ransmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45) GeometryE1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color and Appearance DataE1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometrie

18、s of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of MaterialsE2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric DataE2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent ColorE2175 Practice for Specifying the Geo

19、metry of Multiangle SpectrophotometersE2194 Practice for Multiangle Color Measurement of Metal Flake Pigmented MaterialsE2729 Practice for Rectification of Spectrophotometric Bandpass Differences2.2 Other Standard Documents:CIE Publication 51 A Method for Assessing the Quality of Daylight Simulators

20、 for Colorimetry3DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabstnde bie Krperfarben nach der DIN99Formel43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 metadata, nstructered information that describes,

21、 explains, locates, and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve and use aninformation resource (6).5NOTE 1In the case of color and color difference measurements, the data about the instrument, the measurement procedure, the treatment of thespecimen, identification of color scale and the calculations a

22、re to be included in the metadata.4. Significance and Use4.1 The options available in methods for the measurement of color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in: (1)specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedu

23、re for samplehandling including conditioning, (5) procedure for taking data, and ( 6) equations for converting instrumental data to final results.Once the measurements have been made, it is essential to document what has been done for the purpose of interlaboratorycomparisons, or for future use.Asam

24、ple form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information applicable to any instrumentalmethod of color or color-difference measurement.4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345, E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386, D6166,E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, fo

25、r specific details of measurements.5. Identification of Samples and Specimens5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together with markings or document identification.5.1.2 Mark each specimen with a serial number or letter, and other identifying marki

26、ngs.5.2 Description of SpecimensFor specific forms of specimens, additional identification shall be included:5.2.1 Solid sheet or web, specify thickness and backing material.5.2.2 Powder or granular substance (packed or poured); if placed behind window, state material and thickness.5.2.3 Fiber or ya

27、rn, describe form, type of transparent specimen window (if used), pressure on backing plate.5.2.4 Paste (if placed behind window), state material and thickness.5.2.5 Liquid (if observed through window), state window material and path length.5.2.6 Film drawdown, specify film thickness and background.

28、5.2.7 For gonioapparent materials, identify the direction of illumination and viewing relative to the specimen.5.2.8 Conditioning, if any.NOTE1When 2When specimens are measured behind glass or other material, specify thickness and material type. In addition, specify the methodused for data correctio

29、n.6. Identification of Instrument6.1 Sufficient description of the instrumentation shall be provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to reproduce themeasurement. The make and model number of the instrument used shall be reported.6.2 For interlaboratory comparisons, long-term studies, and

30、measurements used to document conformance to a colorspecification, the physical properties of the instrument shall be identified by it, as follows:3Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Po

31、nd St.,Salem, MA 01970, http:/www.cie-usnc.3Available via the website of the CIE Central Bureau (www.cie.co.at).4Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DINDeutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http:/www.en.din.de.5The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to t

32、he list of references at the end of this practice.E805 12a26.2.1 Mode of Measurementsuch as transmittance factor, reflectance factor, total radiance factor, etc.6.2.2 Geometric Properties of Instrumentfor multi-angle spectrophotometers following Practice E2175 or for all othersfollowing Practice E17

33、67 the influx geometry and eflux geometry including aperture angles and sizes.6.2.3 Specular Componentwhere hemispherical illumination or view is employed, or both, but the specular light is excludedby means of a light trap, designate by the words “specular excluded.” If a light trap is used, detail

34、s of its size, shape, and positionshould be given. Conversely, when the specular component of light is included, specify “specular included.”6.2.4 Give aperture size and shape through which specimens are exposed for measurement and any glass or plastic interveningwindow(s). Also, note the area of sp

35、ecimen actually illuminated or viewed.NOTE 23Measurements of some type of specimens (for example, pearlescent, metal flake or retroreflective materials) may require different andmultiple geometries. In these cases, specify the details of all the geometries used. See Practices E2175 and E2194.6.3 Spe

36、ctral Properties of Instrument:6.3.1 Identify spectral power distribution illuminating the specimen and spectral response of receiver system. The spectralcharacteristics of the instrument will be affected by the spectral transmittance of filters or other wavelength selective devices ineither the ill

37、uminating or viewing beams. For photoluminescent specimens, the spectral distribution should be reported in termsof its conformance to a standard illuminant as outlined in CIE Publication 51 and Practice E991. For non-photoluminescentspecimens, the spectral distribution illuminating the specimen can

38、 be reported in terms of its conformance to a standard illuminantor its correlated color temperature.Metadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of SpecimensFIG. 1 Sample Report FormE805 12a36.3.2 In the absence of a detailed spectral power distribution as in 6.3.1, identify illumination with

39、 other terms that indicate thegeneral spectral content, for example: (1) CIE Source A (gas-filled tungsten lamp at 2856 K correlated color temperature), (2) CIESource C,(3) simulated daylight D65 (1),(4) simulated daylight D65 (1) with pulsed xenon lamp with uv control, (5) light emittingdiodes (LED

40、s), etc.6.3.3 Identify the type and number of dispersive elements on the instrument. Indicate the spectral bandwidth of themonochromator or identify it as variable if it is and how the measurement has been corrected for passband (see Practice E2729or Practice E308 Tables 5 and 67. Identification of

41、Standards Used7.1 Reference StandardThe reference white reflectance standard should be the perfect reflecting diffuser. Practice E259describes the preparation of reference white reflectance standards.7.2 Instrument StandardIdentify instrument working standard used.7.3 Product StandardIdentify the pr

42、oduct standard if used in the measurements.8. Data8.1 Identify how many readings were made on each specimen and standard to obtain the test result, indicate if the readings areaveraged, and indicate whether or not the specimen was changed in position, rotated, or otherwise handled during themeasurem

43、ent. See Practice E1345.8.2 It is important not to imply false precision or accuracy. Therefore, report all data with the appropriate number of significantfigures.8.3 Some specimens (particularly textiles, pulp and paper) are sensitive to variations in temperature (thermochromism) andhumidity (hygro

44、chromism). In those cases, these conditions should be recorded.8.4 In addition, some colorants exhibit reversible color changes (photochromism) upon exposure to strong sources ofillumination. In those cases, when using instruments with direct illumination by strong broad-band sources, the time of ex

45、posureto the instruments measurement port shall be kept to a minimum, and time shall be recorded.9. Color Scales9.1 IlluminantFor non-photoluminescent specimens, the illuminant used in the computation of color coordinates from spectraldata may have a different spectral power distribution from that o

46、f the instrument source (see 6.2.4), the former being normally oneof the CIE illuminants (A, C,orD65) identified in Table 1.1.1 of Ref (1) and in Practice E308. In the case of photoluminescentspecimens being measured on instruments with polychromatic illumination and a dispersing element between the

47、 specimen anddetector, the spectral distribution of the illuminant used for the computation of color coordinates from spectral data shall be thesame as that of the instrument illuminator.9.2 Standard ObserverIdentify Standard Observer as CIE 1931 (2) or CIE 1964 (10). (See Ref (2), Tables 2.1 and 2.

48、2,respectively, and Practice E308 or E2153 for photoluminescent specimens.)9.3 Identify the wavelength interval used for tristimulus integration of spectral data and the origin of the tristimulus weightingfactors used (see Practice E308 or E2153 for photoluminescent specimens.). for photoluminescent

49、 specimens).9.4 Color ScalesIdentify color scales as either:9.4.1 Trichromatic Color Scales including:9.4.1.1 Tristimulus Values (X, Y, Z). (Ref (1) and Practice E308 or E2153 for photoluminescent specimens.)9.4.1.2 Tristimulus Value Y and chromaticity coordinates x and y (Ref (1) and Practice E308.).9.4.1.3 Opponent-Color Scales. (Reference standard white color remains at L = 100, a =0,b = 0, regardless of the illuminant,but color values for other specimens change with illuminant.)(a) CIE 1976 L*, a*, b* (CIELAB) (Ref (1), Practice E308 and Practice D224