ASTM F36-2015 Standard Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials《衬垫材料的可压缩性和复原性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F36 99 (Reapproved 2009)F36 15Standard Test Method forCompressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F36; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determinat

3、ion of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasketmaterials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases, gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test for compressibility underprolonged stress application, generally referred to as “creep,” or for recovery

4、 following such prolonged stress application, theinverse of which is generally referred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended for tests at other than room temperature.A resiliency characteristic (the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of the compressed thickness) may also be calc

5、ulatedfrom the test data where desired.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof

6、the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3297 Practice for Molding and Machining Tolerances for PTFE Resin Parts (Withdrawn 1997)3E691 Practice for

7、Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials3. Apparatus3.1 The testing machine4 shall consist of the following components:3.1.1 AnvilA hardened and ground surface of 31.7 mm (1.250 in.) minimum diameter.3.

8、1.2 PenetratorA steel cylinder of diameter (within 6 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) specified for the type of material being tested,with the cylinder end hardened and ground. Penetrator diameters for various types of gasket materials are as shown in Table 1,unless otherwise specified.3.1.3 DialAn indicating d

9、ial, or dials, graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) to show the thickness of the specimen during thetest. Readings shall be estimated to the nearest 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.).3.1.4 PreloadA preload which shall include the weight of the penetrator itself and added weights to give the value specifiedwithin 6

10、1 %. Preloads for various types of gasket materials are as shown in Table 1, unless otherwise specified.3.1.5 Loading Device A device for applying a specified major load to the upper end of the penetrator, which may consist ofan arrangement of dead weights, a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or

11、any other device capable of applying the major load ata slow uniform rate and to an accuracy of 61 %. The major load shall be in addition to the specified preload. Major loads forvarious types of gasket materials are as shown in Table 1, unless otherwise specified.4. Test Specimen4.1 The test specim

12、en in Procedures A through K, inclusive, as described in Table 1, shall have a minimum area of 6.5 cm2 (1in.2) in the form of a square, except in the case of cork composition, and cork and cellular rubber materials, which shall have a1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03

13、 on Gaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2015. Published March 2010February 2015. Originally approved in 1951. Redesignated F36 in 1963. Last previous editionapproved in 20032009 as F36 99 (2003).(2009

14、). DOI: 10.1520/F0036-99R09.10.1520/F0036-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last appro

15、ved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Contact ASTM for a list of recommended suppliers.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit

16、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

17、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1test specimen in the form of a circle 6.5 cm2 in area. The test specimen shall consist of a single ply or a number of superimposedplies sufficient to give a minimum nominal thickness of 1.6 mm (116 in.)5 for all materials excep

18、t cork composition, cork and rubbermaterials, and cork and cellular rubber materials, for which the minimum nominal thickness shall be 3.2 mm (18 in.). If appliedto specimens outside of the test thicknesses, the results shall be regarded merely as indicative. For specification purposes,agreement on

19、compressibility and recovery figures shall be reached between producer and consumer for those materials whosethickness in a single ply or multiple plies does not fall within the tolerances of the two nominal thicknesses specified. Thetolerances for the test thicknesses are listed in Classification F

20、104,Table 3.The specimen shall contain no joint or separation withinthe minimum test area.5 Use of thicker specimens may result in lower compressibility and higher recovery versus standard.TABLE 1 Conditioning and Test Loads for Gasket MaterialsProce-dureAType of GasketMaterialF104 Identifica-tion F

21、irst TwoNumerals ofSix-Digit NumberConditioning ProcedureBPenetratorDiameter,mm (in.)Pre-LoadN (lbf)MajorLoad, N(lbf)Total Load (Sum ofMajor Load andPre-Load)N (lbf) MPa (psi)A Compressed asbestossheet; asbestosbeater sheet; flexiblegraphiteF11, F12,F51, F521 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool indesiccato

22、r over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)1112(250)34.5(5000)A Compressed asbestossheet; asbestosbeater sheet; flexiblegraphiteF11, F12,F51, F521 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool indesiccator over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)11

23、12(250)34.5(5000)H Asbestos paper and millboard F13 4 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool asin Procedure A6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)F Cork compositionCork and cellular rubberF21, F23 at least 46 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F)and 50 to 55 % relative humidity28.7(1.129)4.4(1)440(99)445(100)0.69(100

24、)F Cork compositionCork and cellular rubberF21, F23 at least 46 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F)and 50 to 55 % relative humidity28.7(1.129)4.4(1)440(99)445(100)0.69(100)B Cork and rubber F22 at least 46 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F)and 50 to 55 % relative humidity12.8(0.504)4.4(1)351(79)356(80)2.76(400)G Tre

25、ated and untreated papersfrom cellulose or otherorganic fibersF31, F32,F33, F344 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) over asuitable desiccant followed immediatelyby at least 20 h at 21 to 30C and 50to 55 % relative humidity6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)G Treated and untreated papersfrom cellulose o

26、r otherorganic fibersF31, F32,F33, F344 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) over asuitable desiccant followed immediatelyby at least 20 h at 21 to 30C and 50to 55 % relative humidity6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)J Compressed nonasbestossheet; non-asbestos beatersheetF71, F72 1 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F

27、). Cool indesiccator over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)1112(250)34.5(5000)J Compressed nonasbestossheet; non-asbestos beatersheetF71, F72 1 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool indesiccator over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)11

28、12(250)34.5(5000)K Non-asbestos paper andmillboardF73 4 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool asin Procedure J.6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)K Non-asbestos paper andmillboardF73 4 h at 100 2C (212 3.6F). Cool asin Procedure J.6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)L Fluorocarbon polymer F42 None 6

29、.4 22.2 534 556 17.25L Fluorocarbon polymerC(Sheet, Form-in-Place Gas-kets)F41, F42,F451 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55% relative humidity6.4(0.252)22.2(5)534(120)556(125)17.25(2500)(Form-in-PlaceGaskets)(0.252) (5) (120) (125) (2500)M Fluorocarbon polymerC(Sheet, Form-in-Place Gas-kets)F41

30、, F42,F451 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55% relative humidity6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)1112(250)34.5(5000)A Procedures C, D, and E were deleted from Test Method F36 to ensure compliance with conditioning procedures in Sections 6 and 7 of Specification D1170, which appearas part of Classifica

31、tion F104.B Anhydrous calcium chloride and silica gel have been determined to be suitable desiccants.C Please refer to 6.1 for specific information regarding Fluorocarbon polymer, Type 4, materials.F36 1524.2 The test specimen for Procedure L, as described in Table 1, shall be at least two in. long

32、and wider than the penetrator usedfor the test. It shall consist of a single ply and contain no joint or separation. No thickness tolerances are given for gaskets coveredby this procedure. Test results shall be regarded merely as indicative.5. Conditioning of Specimens5.1 Specimens shall be conditio

33、ned as specified for the particular type of material. Conditioning procedures for various typesof gasket materials are as shown in Table 1, unless otherwise specified.5.2 If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 % relative humidity is not available, a tray containing a saturated solutionof reag

34、ent grade magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)26H2O) shall be placed in the chamber to provide the required relative humidity.In all cases where testing is conducted outside the area of specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from the chamber oneat a time as needed.6. Temperature of Test6.1 The test sh

35、all be conducted with both specimen and apparatus at a temperature of 21 to 30C (70 to 85F).67. Procedure7.1 Determine the amount of deflection of the penetrator at each of the loads used in the test with no specimens present. Addthe absolute value of this penetrator deflection to the thickness unde

36、r total load M in 9.1 to obtain a corrected reading. The valuesare machine constants which may vary for different instrument designs.7.2 Center the test specimen upon the anvil and apply the preload and maintain for a period of 15 s, and record the preloadedthickness of the specimen. Immediately app

37、ly the major load in a slow uniform manner so that the total load is attained within 10 s.Guide the penetrator in its descent so that the surface remains parallel to the surface of the anvil. Maintain the total load for a periodof 60 s, and record the thickness of the specimen. Immediately remove th

38、e major load, and after a period of 60 s record thethickness of the specimen under the original preload. This is the recovered thickness.8. Number of Tests8.1 A minimum of three tests shall be run on separate specimens taken from the same sample and the results averaged.9. Calculation9.1 The compres

39、sibility and recovery shall be calculated as follows:Compressibility,%5P 2M!/P# 3100 (1)Recovery,%5R 2M!/P 2M!# 3100 (2)where:P = thickness under preload, mm (in.),M = thickness under total load, mm (in.), andR = recovered thickness, mm (in.).9.2 When desired, the resiliency shall be calculated as f

40、ollows:6 For Fluorocarbon polymer, Type 4, materials the user should avoid the outer limits of the test range to ensure repeatable results. Practice D3297 states a preferred rangeof 22 to 25C (72 to 77F) for testing of Type 4 materials to avoid the “transition zone” just below the allowable test ran

41、ge of 21 to 30C (70 to 85F).FIG. 1 Representation of Specimen ThicknessF36 153Resiliency,%5R 2M!/M# 3100 (3)9.2.1 The aforementioned values are illustrated in Fig. 1.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification and classification number of material tested,10.1.2 Nominal thic

42、kness of material tested,10.1.3 Letter designation of test procedure,10.1.4 Number of tests performed,10.1.5 Temperature of specimens and apparatus, and10.1.6 Compressibility and recovery results for each specimen tested and average for the sample.11. Precision and Bias711.1 This precision and bias

43、statement was developed using Practice E691. (See Table 2.)11.2 In Column 3 are the coefficients of variation for the physical properties listed in Column 2. In Column 4 are the maximumdifferences (ranges) that should be considered acceptable for two results that are considered to be from nominally

44、identicalspecimens. These are expressed as a percent of the mean value. The precision data are based on tests conducted on Type 1, Type2, and Type 3 gasket material specimens. Eleven laboratories participated in the round robin on Type 1 and Type 3 gasket material.Nine laboratories participated in t

45、he round robin on the Type 2 gasket material. There was one operator at each of the laboratoriestesting five specimens.NOTE 1The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960 which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.NOTE 2m = 3 was used in the calculations of the repeatability and reprod

46、ucibility values because this specification requires a minimum of three teststo be run.12. Keywords12.1 compressibility; gasket; material; recovery ; resiliencyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this stan

47、dard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revie

48、wed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible

49、 technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-955