BS ISO 17314-2008 Manually portable forest machinery - Recyclability and recoverability - Calculation method《手动便携式林业机械 可回收性和可复原性 计算方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 17314:2008Manually portable forest machinery Recyclability and recoverability Calculation methodICS 65.060.80g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50

2、g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 17314:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 59063 4National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17314:2008. The UK participati

3、on in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/29, Forestry machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i

4、ts correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsReference numberISO 17314:2008(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17314First edition2008-03-01Manually portable forest machinery Recyclability a

5、nd recoverability Calculation method Machines forestires portatives main Recyclabilit et possibilit de rcupration Mthodes de calcul BS ISO 17314:2008ii iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The

6、 work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gove

7、rnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. T

8、he main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vot

9、e. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17314 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture an

10、d forestry, Subcommittee SC 17, Manually portable forest machinery. BS ISO 17314:2008iv Introduction End-of-life machines contribute to the total volume of waste to be treated. As part of the machine life cycle, it is essential that recovery issues be taken into consideration during the design phase

11、 to ensure environmentally sound treatment. Today, recycling has to be taken into account in addition to safety, emissions and fuel consumption when designing a machine. Consequently, there is need for an indicator to evaluate the ability and potential of new machines to be recovered/recycled. The m

12、ethod for calculating recyclability and recoverability rates specified by this International Standard (similar to the method specified in ISO 22628:2002 for road vehicles) is based on four main stages inspired by the treatment of end-of-life machines. Recyclability/recoverability rates depend on the

13、 design and material properties of new machines and on the consideration of proven technologies those technologies which have been successfully tested, at least on a laboratory scale, in this context. The calculation method of this International Standard cannot in detail reflect the real process tha

14、t will be applied to the machine at the end of its life. BS ISO 17314:20081Manually portable forest machinery Recyclability and recoverability Calculation method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for calculating the recyclability rate and the recoverability rate of manually port

15、able forest machinery, with each rate being expressed as a percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the machine. The calculation can be performed by the machine manufacturer when a machine is initially put on the market. It does not include fluids. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of

16、 this document, the following terms and definitions apply. See Figure 1. 2.1 re-use, noun any operation by which component parts of end-of-life machines are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.2. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 2.2 recycling

17、reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, excluding processing as a means of generating energy ISO 22628 NOTE See Figure 1. 2.3 recovery reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other

18、 purposes, together with processing as a means of generating energy ISO 22628 NOTE See Figure 1. 2.4 dismantlability ability of component parts to be removed from the machine NOTE Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.5. BS ISO 17314:20082 2.5 reusability ability of component parts that can be d

19、iverted from an end-of-life stream to be reused ISO 22628 2.6 recyclability ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recycled NOTE Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.7. 2.7 recyclability rate Rcycpercentage by mass (mass fraction in p

20、ercent) of the new machine potentially able to be recycled, reused or both NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.8. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. 2.8 recoverability ability of components or materials that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recovered NOTE Adapted from ISO 22628:2002,

21、definition 3.9. 2.9 recoverability rate Rcovpercentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the new machine potentially able to be recovered or reused NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 22628:2002, definition 3.10. NOTE 2 See Figure 1. Recovery Residue (Component parts) (Materials) (Materials) (Materials) Re-

22、use aRecycling Energy recovery Recyclability rate bRecoverability rate bMachine mass aFor machines covered by this International Standard, there are normally no components for re-use. bAs a percentage of machine mass. Figure 1 Key terms Overview BS ISO 17314:200833 Masses and their symbols Table 1 d

23、escribes the symbols of the mass variables used in calculating the recyclability and recoverability rates. Table 1 Masses and symbols Symbol Description mD,Rmass of materials taken into account for recycling at the dismantling step mD,Emass of materials taken into account for energy recovery at the

24、dismantling step mS,Rmass of materials taken into account for recycling at the shredding step mS,Emass of materials taken into account for energy recovery at the shredding step mTottotal mass of the complete machine with empty tanks, including cutting tool and cover and, if available, extra equipmen

25、t such as a spiked bumper for chain saws aNOTE 1 All masses are expressed in kilograms. aUnder normal circumstances, the tanks of portable forest machinery that is left to be recycled will be approximately empty. 4 Calculation method 4.1 General The recyclability and recoverability rates of a new ma

26、chine are calculated through the following two steps, with components or materials able to be taken into account at each step. Step 1: dismantling (mD,Rand mD,E). Step 2: shredding (mS,Rand mS,E). For the determination of partial mass only, mass fractions of 10 g or more are reported. NOTE The disma

27、ntlability of the machines is usually limited to easily accessible components such as the cutting equipment. For metals separation and non-metallic residue of the remaining parts of a product, shredding is deemed to be the predominant method. 4.2 Materials breakdown The materials breakdown of the ma

28、chine is established by classifying all the materials composing the machine into the following three categories: a) metals; b) non-metals; c) other components, materials or both, for which a detailed material breakdown cannot be established (compounds, electronics, electrics). This breakdown may be

29、done at each step of the calculation for each partial mass mentioned in 4.1. BS ISO 17314:20084 4.3 Calculation of recyclability/recoverability rate 4.3.1 Recyclability rate Calculate the recyclability rate, Rcyc, of the machine, as a percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent), using the formula:

30、 D,R S,RcycTot100mmRm+= 4.3.2 Recoverability rate Calculate the recoverability rate, Rcov, of the machine, as a percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent), using the formula: D,R S,R D,E S,EcovTot100mmmmRm+= NOTE Technologies for energy recovery of polymers and elastomers are industrialized on a

31、large scale worldwide. Therefore, polymers, elastomers and other modified organic natural materials can potentially be recovered through those technologies. BS ISO 17314:20085Annex A (informative) Example of recyclability and recoverability calculations for a mid-sized chain saw A.1 Mass fractions o

32、f the chain-saw Table A.1 presents an example of mass fractions calculated for different materials in the case of a typical mid-sized chain saw with a total machine mass, mTot, of 8,10 kg. Table A.1 Mass fractions, in kilograms, for different materials Recycling Energy recovery Residue Step 1: disma

33、ntling Cutting equipment, steel 1,50 Cutting equipment cover, PE 0,35 Cylinder cover, PA 0,20 Sum mD,R1,50 Sum mD,E0,55 Step 2: shredding Steel 2,26 Aluminium 1,24 Magnesium 0,96 Copper 0,07 Plastics: PA 1,15 PBT 0,02 PE 0,02 POM 0,12 PVC 0,08 Rubber Sum mS,R4,53 Sum mS,E1,47 Recyclability rate: cyc

34、1, 5 4 , 5 3100 74 %8,10R+= Recoverability rate: cov1, 5 4 , 5 3 0 , 5 5 1, 4 7100 99 %8,10R+= NOTE Normally, there are some materials missing in the above total material balance. BS ISO 17314:20086 Bibliography 1 ISO 22628:2002, Road vehicles Recyclability and recoverability Calculation method BS I

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