ASTM F36-1999(2009) Standard Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials《衬垫材料可压缩性和复原性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F36 99 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forCompressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F36; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of

3、the short-timecompressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials, form-in-place gaskets, and in certain cases,gaskets cut from sheets. It is not intended as a test forcompressibility under prolonged stress application, generallyreferred to as “creep,” or for recovery followin

4、g such pro-longed stress application, the inverse of which is generallyreferred to as “compression set.” Also, it is not intended fortests at other than room temperature. A resiliency characteristic(the amount recovered expressed as a percentage of thecompressed thickness) may also be calculated fro

5、m the testdata where desired.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t

6、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF104 Classification Sy

7、stem for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rials3. Apparatus3.1 The testing machine3shall consist of the followingcomponents:3.1.1 AnvilA hardened and ground surface of 31.7 mm(1.250 in.) minimum diameter.3.1.2 PenetratorA steel cylinder of diameter (within 60.025 mm (0.001 in.) specified for the type of mate

8、rial beingtested, with the cylinder end hardened and ground. Penetratordiameters for various types of gasket materials are as shown inTable 1, unless otherwise specified.3.1.3 DialAn indicating dial, or dials, graduated in 0.025mm (0.001 in.) to show the thickness of the specimen duringthe test. Rea

9、dings shall be estimated to the nearest 0.002 mm(0.0001 in.).3.1.4 PreloadA preload which shall include the weight ofthe penetrator itself and added weights to give the valuespecified within 61 %. Preloads for various types of gasketmaterials are as shown in Table 1, unless otherwise specified.3.1.5

10、 Loading Device A device for applying a specifiedmajor load to the upper end of the penetrator, which mayconsist of an arrangement of dead weights, a hydraulic cylin-der, an air cylinder, or any other device capable of applying themajor load at a slow uniform rate and to an accuracy of 61%.The major

11、 load shall be in addition to the specified preload.Major loads for various types of gasket materials are as shownin Table 1, unless otherwise specified.4. Test Specimen4.1 The test specimen in Procedures A through K, inclusive,as described in Table 1, shall have a minimum area of 6.5 cm2(1 in.2) in

12、 the form of a square, except in the case of corkcomposition, and cork and cellular rubber materials, whichshall have a test specimen in the form of a circle 6.5 cm2inarea. The test specimen shall consist of a single ply or a numberof superimposed plies sufficient to give a minimum nominalthickness

13、of 1.6 mm (116 in.) for all materials except corkcomposition, cork and rubber materials, and cork and cellularrubber materials, for which the minimum nominal thicknessshall be 3.2 mm (18 in.). If applied to specimens outside of thetest thicknesses, the results shall be regarded merely asindicative.

14、For specification purposes, agreement on compress-ibility and recovery figures shall be reached between producerand consumer for those materials whose thickness in a singleply or multiple plies does not fall within the tolerances of thetwo nominal thicknesses specified. The tolerances for the test1T

15、his test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gasketsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical TestMethods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1951. Redesignated F36 in 1963. Last previous edition approve

16、d in2003 as F36 99 (2003). DOI: 10.1520/F0036-99R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Contact

17、ASTM for a list of recommended suppliers.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thicknesses are listed in Classification F104, Table 3. Thespecimen shall contain no joint or separation within theminimum test area.4.2 The tes

18、t specimen for Procedure L, as described in Table1, shall be at least two in. long and wider than the penetratorused for the test. It shall consist of a single ply and contain nojoint or separation. No thickness tolerances are given forgaskets covered by this procedure. Test results shall beregarded

19、 merely as indicative.5. Conditioning of Specimens5.1 Specimens shall be conditioned as specified for theparticular type of material. Conditioning procedures for vari-ous types of gasket materials are as shown in Table 1, unlessotherwise specified.5.2 If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 %r

20、elative humidity is not available, a tray containing a saturatedsolution of reagent grade magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)26H2O) shall be placed in the chamber to provide the requiredrelative humidity. In all cases where testing is conductedoutside the area of specified humidity, specimens shall beremoved

21、 from the chamber one at a time as needed.6. Temperature of Test6.1 The test shall be conducted with both specimen andapparatus at a temperature of 21 to 30C (70 to 85F).7. Procedure7.1 Determine the amount of deflection of the penetrator ateach of the loads used in the test with no specimens presen

22、t.Add the absolute value of this penetrator deflection to thethickness under total load M in 9.1 to obtain a correctedreading. The values are machine constants which may vary fordifferent instrument designs.7.2 Center the test specimen upon the anvil and apply thepreload and maintain for a period of

23、 15 s, and record thepreloaded thickness of the specimen. Immediately apply themajor load in a slow uniform manner so that the total load isattained within 10 s. Guide the penetrator in its descent so thatthe surface remains parallel to the surface of the anvil.Maintain the total load for a period o

24、f 60 s, and record thethickness of the specimen. Immediately remove the major load,and after a period of 60 s record the thickness of the specimenunder the original preload. This is the recovered thickness.8. Number of Tests8.1 A minimum of three tests shall be run on separatespecimens taken from th

25、e same sample and the results aver-aged.9. Calculation9.1 The compressibility and recovery shall be calculated asfollows:TABLE 1 Conditioning and Test Loads for Gasket MaterialsProce-dureAType of GasketMaterialF104 Identifica-tion First TwoNumerals ofSix-Digit NumberConditioning ProcedureBPenetrator

26、Diameter,mm (in.)Pre-LoadN (lbf)MajorLoad, N(lbf)Total Load (Sum ofMajor Load andPre-Load)N (lbf) MPa (psi)A Compressed asbestossheet; asbestosbeater sheet; flexiblegraphiteF11, F12,F51, F521hat1006 2C (2126 3.6F). Cool indesiccator over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1

27、090(245)1112(250)34.5(5000)H Asbestos paper and millboard F13 4 h at 100 6 2C (2126 3.6F). Cool asin Procedure A6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)F Cork compositionCork and cellular rubberF21, F23 at least 46 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F)and 50 to 55 % relative humidity28.7(1.129)4.4(1)440(99)445

28、(100)0.69(100)B Cork and rubber F22 at least 46 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F)and 50 to 55 % relative humidity12.8(0.504)4.4(1)351(79)356(80)2.76(400)G Treated and untreated papersfrom cellulose or otherorganic fibersF31, F32,F33, F344 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) over asuitable desiccant followed immedia

29、telyby at least 20 h at 21 to 30C and 50to 55 % relative humidity6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)J Compressed nonasbestossheet; non-asbestos beatersheetF71, F72 1 h at 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F). Cool indesiccator over a suitable desiccant at21 to 30C (70 to 85F)6.4(0.252)22.2(5)1090(245)1112(250

30、)34.5(5000)K Non-asbestos paper andmillboardF73 4 h at 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F). Cool asin Procedure J.6.4(0.252)4.4(1)218(49)222(50)6.89(1000)L Fluorocarbon polymer F42 None 6.4 22.2 534 556 17.25(Form-in-Place Gaskets) (0.252) (5) (120) (125) (2500)AProcedures C, D, and E were deleted from Test Metho

31、d F36 to ensure compliance with conditioning procedures in Sections 6 and 7 of Specification D1170, whichappear as part of Classification F104.BAnhydrous calcium chloride and silica gel have been determined to be suitable desiccants.F36 99 (2009)2Compressibility, % 5 P 2 M!/P 3 100 (1)Recovery, % 5

32、R 2 M!/P 2 M!# 3 100 (2)where:P = thickness under preload, mm (in.),M = thickness under total load, mm (in.), andR = recovered thickness, mm (in.).9.2 When desired, the resiliency shall be calculated asfollows:Resiliency, % 5 R 2 M!/M 3 100 (3)9.2.1 The aforementioned values are illustrated in Fig.

33、1.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification and classification number of materialtested,10.1.2 Nominal thickness of material tested,10.1.3 Letter designation of test procedure,10.1.4 Number of tests performed,10.1.5 Temperature of specimens and apparatus, and10.1.6 Compre

34、ssibility and recovery results for each speci-men tested and average for the sample.11. Precision and Bias411.1 This precision and bias statement was developed usingPractice E691. (See Table 2.)11.2 In Column 3 are the coefficients of variation for thephysical properties listed in Column 2. In Colum

35、n 4 are themaximum differences (ranges) that should be considered ac-ceptable for two results that are considered to be fromnominally identical specimens. These are expressed as apercent of the mean value. The precision data are based on testsconducted on Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 gasket materialsp

36、ecimens. Eleven laboratories participated in the round robinon Type 1 and Type 3 gasket material. Nine laboratoriesparticipated in the round robin on the Type 2 gasket material.There was one operator at each of the laboratories testing fivespecimens.NOTE 1The critical differences were calculated usi

37、ng t = 1.960 whichis based on infinite degrees of freedom.NOTE 2m = 3 was used in the calculations of the repeatability andreproducibility values because this specification requires a minimum ofthree tests to be run.12. Keywords12.1 compressibility; gasket; material; recovery; resiliency4Supporting

38、data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F03-1005.FIG. 1 Representation of Specimen ThicknessTABLE 2 Interlaboratory Test ProgramPhysical PropertyCoefficient of Variation (percentof mean) (S %) maxAcceptable Range of Two ResultsA(per

39、cent of mean) (D2S %) maxType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3Repeatability(single operator)% Compressibility% Recovery3.74.62.31.12.22.66.07.33.61.83.64.2Reproducibility(Multilaboratory)% Compressibility% Recovery6.67.27.80.97.910.719.221.221.93.022.130.0AA result is an average of three determi

40、nations.F36 99 (2009)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme

41、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or

42、for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kno

43、wn to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F36 99 (2009)4