ASTM E1996-2012 Standard Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows Curtain Walls Doors and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes《飓风夹带碎片撞击的外窗 .pdf

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1、Designation:E199609 Designation: E1996 12Standard Specification forPerformance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, andImpact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debrisin Hurricanes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1996; the number immediately following the designation

2、 indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers exterior wi

3、ndows, glazed curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems used in buildingslocated in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes.1.2 This specification provides the information required to conduct Test Method E1886.1.3 Qualification under this specification provides a basis for judgment

4、 of the ability of applicable elements of the buildingenvelope to remain unbreached during a hurricane; thereby minimizing the damaging effects of hurricanes on the building interiorand reducing the magnitude of internal pressurization. While this standard was developed for hurricanes, it may be use

5、d for othertypes of similar windstorms capable of generating windborne debris.1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines based upon currently available information and research.2As newinformation and research becomes available it will be considered.1.5 All values are stated in SI un

6、its and are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.Where certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein are stated in inch-pound units they must beconverted by the user.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the t

7、est method portion, Section 5, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of reg

8、ulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural SealantsD3575 Test Methods for Flexible

9、 Cellular Materials Made From Olefin PolymersE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted byMissile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials2.2 ASCE Standard:4ASCE 7 American Socie

10、ty of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures2.3 Other Standards:5International Residential Code 20003. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcom

11、mittee E06.51 on Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1996082. DOI:10.1520/E1996-09.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Or

12、iginally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1996 09. DOI:10.1520/E1996-12.2See the Significance and Use Section of Test Method E1886.3For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS

13、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW, 6th Fl

14、oor, Washington, DC 20001-2070, http:/www.iccsafe.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes a

15、ccurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United

16、States.3.1.1 General terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology E631.3.1.2 Terms common to this specification and Test Method E1886 are defined in Test Method E1886, unless defined herein.E1996 1223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly elevationvertical di

17、mension above adjacent mean ground level at which fenestration or impact protectivesystem assembly is to be installed, measured to the lowest point of the assembly.3.2.2 basic wind speedthree-second gust speeds as defined in the latest edition of ASCE 7.3.2.3 combination mulliona horizontal or verti

18、cal member formed by joining two or more individual fenestration unitstogether without a mullion stiffener.3.2.4 impact protective systemconstruction applied, attached, or locked over an exterior glazed opening system to protect thatsystem from windborne debris during high wind events.3.2.4.1 Discus

19、sionImpact protective systems include types that are fixed, operable, or removable.3.2.5 infillglazing in a fenestration assembly or curtain wall.3.2.6 integral mulliona horizontal or vertical member which is bounded at both ends by crossing frame members.3.2.7 maximum deflectionGreatest deformation

20、 of an element or component under the application of an applied force.3.2.8 maximum dynamic deflectiongreatest deformation of an element or component during the missile impact.3.2.9 meeting rail or check railone of the two horizontal members of a sliding sash that come together when in the closedpos

21、ition.3.2.10 meeting stileone of the two vertical members of a sliding sash that come together when in the closed position.3.2.11 porous impact protective systeman assembly whose aggregate open area exceeds ten percent of its projected surfacearea.3.2.12 valleya pivoting axis of an impact protective

22、 system designed to rotate adjacent slats or panels outward.4. Test Specimens4.1 Number of Test Specimens:4.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies:4.1.1.1 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the large missile test.4.1.1.2 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the small missile test.4.1.1.3 One ad

23、ditional test specimen may be submitted for each of the tests should no more than one of the original threespecimens fail any portion of the testing.4.1.2 Impact Protective Systems:4.1.2.1 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submitted for the large missile test for the largest span to be qual

24、ified.4.1.2.2 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submitted for the small missile test.4.1.2.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted for each of the tests should no more than one of the original specimensfail any portion of the testing.4.1.2.4 For porous impact protective systems, the

25、 large and small missile tests shall be allowed to be performed on the samespecimens, or on separate specimens. If the large and small missile tests are performed on the same specimens, the small missileimpacts shall be performed first, followed by the large missile impacts.4.2 Test specimens shall

26、be prepared as specified in Test Method E1886.4.3 The size of the test specimen shall be determined by the specifying authority. All components of each test specimen shallbe full size.4.4 Where it is impractical to test the entire fenestration assembly such as curtain wall and heavy commercial assem

27、blies, testthe largest size of each type of panel as required by the specifying authority to qualify the entire assembly.4.5 Fenestration assemblies and impact protective systems intended to be mulled together shall be tested separately or testedby combining three specimens into one mounting frame s

28、eparated only by the mullions.5. Test Methods5.1 Test specimens shall be tested according to Test Method E1886.5.2 Determine the missile based upon building classification, wind speed, and assembly elevation according to Section 6.5.3 Location of Impact:5.3.1 Large Missile TestImpact each impact pro

29、tective system specimen and each fenestration assembly infill type once asshown in Fig. 1, except for additional impacts specified in 5.3.2.5.3.1.1 Impact one specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of thecircle located at the center of each

30、 type of infill.5.3.1.2 Impact a different specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center ofthe circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting members at a corner.5.3.1.3 Impact the remaining specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (2

31、12-in.) radius circle and with the centerof the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting members at a diagonally opposite corner.5.3.2 Additional Impact Locations in Wind Zone 4(See Fig. 1):5.3.2.1 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.1 a second time with the center of the second missile

32、 within a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting member at a corner.E1996 1235.3.2.2 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.2 a second time with the center of the second missile within a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the cen

33、ter of the circle located at the center of each type of infill.5.3.2.3 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.3 a second time with the center of the second missile within a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circle located at the center of each type of infill except as spec

34、ified in 5.3.3.6.5.3.2.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specified impact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated to the nearestarea with no bracing.5.3.2.5 If the specimens are sufficiently small to cause the 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle to overlap, two separate specimens sha

35、llbe impacted one time each.5.3.3 Special Considerations:5.3.3.1 For test specimens containing multiple panels, impact the exterior glazing surface innermost from the exterior plane ofthe fenestration assembly or impact protective system panel innermost from the exterior.5.3.3.2 For test specimens c

36、ontaining fixed and operable panels of the same type of infill, impact the operable portion.5.3.3.3 For operable test specimens, a corner impact location shall be nearest a locking device and the other corner impactlocation shall be at a corner diagonally opposite.5.3.3.4 For test specimens with bra

37、cing at the specified impact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated to the nearestarea with no bracing.5.3.3.5 The impacts on accordion impact protective systems shall be at the valleys located closest to the impact locations shownin Fig. 1.5.3.3.6 In Wind Zone 4, impact the integral

38、 mullion and other intermediate members such as a meeting rail, check rail, ormeeting stile mid-span in lieu of the impact specified in 5.3.2.3 if applicable. (See Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.)5.3.3.7 In Wind Zone 4, for each type of mullion impact one vertical or horizontal combination mullion with

39、the longest spanat mid span in addition to impacts specified in 5.3. (See Fig. 3.)5.3.4 Small Missile TestImpact each impact protective system specimen and each fenestration assembly infill type three timeswith ten steel balls each as shown in Fig. 5.5.3.4.1 Each impact location shall receive distri

40、buted impacts simultaneously from ten steel balls. The impact shall be describedin the test report.5.3.4.2 The corner impact locations shall be entirely within a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at 275 mm(11 in.) from the edges.5.3.4.3 The edge impact locations shall be entire

41、ly within a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle at the centerline between two cornershaving its center located at 275 mm (11 in.) from the edge.NOTE 1The white circles denote first impact and the black circlesdenote second impact.FIG. 1 Impact Location for Large Missile Test (Each Type of Infill)FIG. 2 In

42、tegral MullionE1996 1245.3.4.4 The center impact location shall be entirely within a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at thehorizontal and vertical centerline of the infill.NOTE 1Impact locations for small missile test may overlap depending on the size of the specimen.5.4 Air

43、Pressure Cycling:5.4.1 Air Pressure Differential:5.4.1.1 The air pressure portion of the test shall use the test loading program in Table 1. Select Pposand Pnegfor the maximuminward (positive) and maximum outward (negative) air pressure differential for which qualification is sought.5.4.1.2 The air

44、pressure differential to be used for porous impact protective systems shall be F (the design wind force for otherstructures as specified in ASCE 7) divided by the horizontally projected area of the entire assembly.FIG. 3 Combination Mullion with Meeting or Check RailFIG. 4 Meeting StileFIG. 5 Impact

45、 Locations for Small Missile Test (Each Type ofInfill)TABLE 1 Cyclic Static Air Pressure LoadingLoadingSequenceLoading Direction Air Pressure CyclesNumber of AirPressure Cycles1 Positive 0.2 to 0.5 Ppos35002 Positive 0.0 to 0.6 Ppos3003 Positive 0.5 to 0.8 Ppos6004 Positive 0.3 to 1.0 Ppos1005 Negat

46、ive 0.3 to 1.0 Pneg506 Negative 0.5 to 0.8 Pneg10507 Negative 0.0 to 0.6 Pneg508 Negative 0.2 to 0.5 Pneg3350E1996 1255.4.2 Except in Wind Zone 4, porous impact protective systems whose aggregate open area exceeds 50 % of their projectedsurface area that pass the small missile test and that are not

47、subject to the large missile test need not be tested for the air pressureportion of the test described in this section.5.5 For impact protective system specimens that are tested independently of the fenestration assemblies they are intended toprotect, measure, and record both the maximum dynamic def

48、lection and the residual deflection following the impact test andmeasure and record the maximum positive deflection in combination with the residual deflection during the air pressure cyclingtest. Measure all deflections to the nearest 2 mm (0.1 in.).6. Missiles6.1 The specifying authority shall sel

49、ect an applicable missile by defining a level of protection, a wind zone, and an assemblyelevation above the ground.6.2 The applicable missile from Table 2 shall be chosen using Table 3 or Table 4, unless otherwise specified.6.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, select the appropriate level of building protection from 6.2.1.1-6.2.1.3 and enter Table 3 orTable 4 at the appropriate column.6.2.1.1 Enhanced Protection (Essential Facilities)Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities, including,but not limited to, hospitals; other hea