ASTM E1415-1991(2012) Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G3《用浮萍gibba G3进行静态毒性试验的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM E1415-1991(2012) Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G3《用浮萍gibba G3进行静态毒性试验的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1415-1991(2012) Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G3《用浮萍gibba G3进行静态毒性试验的标准指南》.pdf(11页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E1415 91 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G31This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effects of a text material added tog
3、rowth medium on a certain species of duckweed (Lemnagibba G3) during a 7-day exposure using the static technique.These procedures will probably be useful for conductingtoxicity tests with other species of duckweed and other floatingvascular plants, although modifications might be necessary.1.2 Speci
4、al needs or circumstances might also justify modi-fication of this standard. Although using appropriate proce-dures is more important than following prescribed procedures,results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are notlikely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Com-parison of
5、 results obtained using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting testswith duckweed.1.3 The procedures in this guide are applicable to mostchemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercialpro
6、ducts, or known mixtures. With appropriate modificationsthese procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperatureand pH and on such other materials as aqueous effluents (seealso Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sedi-ments and surface waters. These procedures do not specificallya
7、ddress effluents because to date there is little experience usingduckweeds in effluent testing and such tests may pose problemswith acclimation of the test organisms to the receiving water.Static tests might not be applicable to materials that have a highoxygen demand, are highly volatile, are rapid
8、ly biologically orchemically transformed in aqueous solution, or are removedfrom test solutions in substantial quantities by the test cham-bers or organisms during the test.1.4 Results of toxicity tests performed using the proceduresin this guide should usually be reported in terms of the 7-dayIC50
9、based on inhibition of growth. In some situations it mightonly be necessary to determine whether a specific concentra-tion unacceptably affects the growth of the test species orwhether the IC50 is above or below a specific concentration.Another end point that may be calculated is the no observedeffe
10、ct concentration (NOEC).1.5 The sections of this guide appear as follows:Title SectionReferenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Guide 4Significance and Use 5Hazards 6Apparatus 7Facilities 7.1Test Chambers 7.2Cleaning 7.3Acceptability 7.4Growth Medium 8Test Material 9General 9.1Stock Solution 9.2
11、Test Concentration(s) 9.3Test Organisms 10Species 10.1Source 10.2Stock Culture 10.3Procedure 11Experimental Design 11.1Temperature 11.2Illumination 11.3Beginning the Test 11.4Duration of Test 11.5Biological Data 11.6Other Measurements 11.7Analytical Methodology 12Acceptability of Test 13Calculation
12、of Results 14Report 151.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior
13、 to use. Specifichazard statements are given in Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:21This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fateand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Curr
14、ent edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1415 91 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/E1415-91R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
15、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,
16、 Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroi
17、nvertebrates, and AmphibiansE1218 Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests withMicroalgaeIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units (SI): The Modern MetricSystem3. Terminology3.1 The words must, should, may, can, and might have veryspecific meanings in t
18、his guide. Must is used to express anabsolute requirement, that is, to state that the test ought to bedesigned to satisfy the specified condition, unless the purposeof the test requires a different design. Must is only used inconnection with factors that directly relate to the acceptabilityof the te
19、st (see Section 13). Should is used to state that thespecified condition is recommended and ought to be met ifpossible. Although violation of one should is rarely a seriousmatter, violation of several will often render the resultsquestionable. Terms such as is desirable, is often desirable,might be
20、desirable are used in connection with less importantfactors. May is used to mean is (are) allowed to, can is used tomean is (are) able to, and might is used to mean could possibly.Thus the classic distinction between may and can is preserved,and might is never used as a synonym for either may or can
21、.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 frondindividual leaf-like structure on a duckweedplant.3.2.2 IC50a statistically or graphically estimated concen-tration of test material that is expected to cause a 50 %inhibition of one or more specified biological processes (suchas growth
22、or reproduction), for which the data are notdichotomous, under specified conditions.3.3 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, refer toTerminology E943, and Guides E729 and E1023. For anexplanation of units and symbols, refer to Practice IEEE/ASTM SI 10 .4. Summary of Guide4.1 In each of
23、 two or more treatments, plants of Lemnagibba G3 are maintained for 7 days in two or more testchambers using the static technique. In each of the one or morecontrol treatments, the plants are maintained in growth mediumto which no test material has been added in order to provide ameasure of the acce
24、ptability of the test by giving an indicationof the quality of the duckweed and the suitability of the growthmedium, test conditions, handling procedures, and so forth, andthe basis for interpreting data obtained from the other treat-ments. In each of the one or more other treatments, theduckweed pl
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