ASTM E405-2004 Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows《窗磨损试验旋转操作器的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 405 04Standard Test Methods forWear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-type rotary operating devices used for opening and closingwindows (Note 1).1.2 These tes

3、t methods do not directly determine the effectsof varying environmental conditions but may be employedafter environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of suchexposure.1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate thestructural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximumforce to which

4、it may be subjected.NOTE 1Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-baroperators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound unitsmay be approximate.1.

5、5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specificha

6、zard statement, see 9.1.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology E 631 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 closing torque, na co

7、nstant torque applied to theinput shaft when the operator is in the fully closed position,simulating the forces applied by a person tightly closing thewindow and shall be expressed in pound-force-inches (ornewton metres).3.2.2 fully closed position of the operator, nthe positionof the operator with

8、the window in a fully closed position.3.2.3 fully opened position of the operator, nthe positionof the arm from 2 to 5 short of locking the mechanism with thewindow in an open position.3.2.4 gear-type rotary operator, na mechanical operatingdevice for opening and closing windows. It consists basical

9、lyof an operating handle turning an input shaft which drives agear mechanism that causes an arm or arms to pivot, operatingthe window.3.2.5 operating moment, nthe product of the applied forceand the length of the output lever arm from the point of loadapplication to the pivot axis. It shall be expre

10、ssed in pound-force-inches (or newton metres). During a test cycle, theoperating moment varies from a maximum value with the armin a centered position (peak operating moment) to some lesservalue as the arm is moved away from the centered position.3.2.6 operator test specimen, nan entire, assembled g

11、ear-type rotary operator, including the operating handle.3.2.7 test cycle, n:3.2.7.1 Test Method Afully opening and fully closing theoperator.3.2.7.2 Test Method Bthe number of rotations of thehandle to open and close the operator fully.3.2.8 test force, n, for Test Method Athe force applied tothe o

12、perator arm at the point of attachment. The required testforce in pounds-force (or newtons) is equal to the specifiedpeak operating moment in pound-force-inches (or newtonmetres) divided by the distance in inches (or metres) measuredperpendicular to the line of action of the force from the pivotaxis

13、 to the point of attachment.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 These test methods consist of subjecting the rotaryoperator to an operating moment against which the operatorshall work in a cyclic function of opening and closing. TestMethod A evaluates the operator for its ability to resist wearthrough a g

14、iven number of cycles against the test moment witha specified torque applied to the input shaft. Test Method B1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skyl

15、ights, and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as E 405 89 (1996)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

16、 Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.evaluates only the rotating fingergrip portion of handle assem-blies ha

17、ving rotating fingergrips.5. Significance and Use5.1 These tests provide standard methods for evaluating themechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators,while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening andclosing against the operating moment.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus des

18、cribed is general in nature and anyarrangement of equipment capable of performing the testprocedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 Test Method A:6.2.1 The test apparatus for Test Method A shall consist ofa frame for mounting the rotary operator with the operatorarm(s) centered (app

19、roximately the center of travel); testweights up to 5 lbs (2280 g) accurate to within 61.0 % or testweights above 5 lbs (2280 g) accurate to within 60.5 %,attached by flexible cable to the arm(s) to provide the requiredtest forces; an attachment bolt fastening the cable to the arm; atorque-limiting

20、clutch, whose output is within 615%ofthespecified closing torque, attached to the handle drive mecha-nism in line with the operator input shaft and driven by areversible motor; and limit switching devices to effect reversalof rotation at the fully open and fully closed operator positions(see Fig. 1)

21、.6.2.2 The arm or the test attachment bolt through the armshall bear against the test frame, if necessary, to prevent thearm from closing beyond the nominal fully closed position.The cables shall be adjustable to provide an equal tension forcein both the cables when the test attachment point and piv

22、ot arecentered.6.2.3 Fig. 2 shows how, if a vertical arrangement were used,to test a single-arm operator, a system of two test weights, anupper weight equal to the test force, and a lower weight oftwice the test force would act to provide the required down-ward force when the arm is above the center

23、 position of itstravel and the same force upward when the arm is below thecenter of its travel. For operators with two arms, sum of the testweight on each arm should equal the total test weight withneither arm seeing less than 25 % of the total test weight. Thetest weight is to be divided proportion

24、ally to simulate theloading seen in actual use. Fig. 3 shows a typical handle drivefork used to operate the rotary operator. If it is impractical todrive certain operating handles through their grip portion, theymay be modified so that portion making the connection to theoperator input shaft is used

25、 as part of the test operator.6.3 Test Method B:6.3.1 The test apparatus for Test Method B shall consist ofa motor, shaft, timer, test weight, and attaching collar. Thereversible motor drives a horizontal shaft to which the testhandle is attached. The shaft shall be obtained by removing theinput sha

26、ft from an operator or as an additionally supplied part.The handle end of the shaft shall be identical to the input shaftsof the test operators. The timing device effects a reversal of themotor at required intervals. The split collar carries the testweight and attaches to the rotating fingergrip of

27、the handlecausing one revolution of the fingergrip with respect to thehandle for each revolution of the handle (see Fig. 4).7. Test Specimens7.1 The operator test specimens shall be representative in allrespects of the operators to be qualified under these testmethods. Unless otherwise specified, th

28、e specimens shallconsist of six identical production samples of the completerotary operator, four of which shall be selected at random fortesting. The remaining two samples shall be identified and filedwith the four tested specimens as part of the retained sample.7.2 Handles shall be included in all

29、 test specimens. Whereseveral styles of handles are furnished to fit different models ofoperators having identical input shaft ends, handles tested onone model of operator shall be considered tested at that testoperating moment and closing torque on all models of opera-tors with identical shaft ends

30、.8. Required Information From Specifying Authority8.1 The specifying authority shall provide the followinginformation:8.1.1 Identification of the test samples,8.1.2 The required peak operating moment, in some fullmultiple of 10 lbfin. (1.1 Nm),FIG. 1 Typical Operator Test ApparatusE4050428.1.3 The r

31、equired closing torque, in some full multiple of 5lbfin. (0.55 Nm), and8.1.4 The number of test cycles required if no prior failureoccurs. (A minimum of 3500 cycles are recommended.)8.2 The authority requesting the operator testing shall pro-vide the test laboratory with load distribution informatio

32、n forthe arms of two arm operators to be tested.NOTE 2Care must be exercised in providing the above information toensure the specified requirements are not in conflict with the specification,and that the required closing torque is compatible with the necessaryoperating torque. Since the torque-limit

33、ing clutch normally used toestablish the maximum closing torque during the test also establishes themaximum operating torque that can be applied to the window, theminimum value of closing torque that is practical is determined by thenecessary operating torque.9. Procedure9.1 Test Method AOperator:9.

34、1.1 Select a practical output-arm length to allow applica-tion of the specified operating moment without causing diffi-culty in the design and operation of the test apparatus. Drill ahole in the output arm to provide an attachment location fortesting purposes. Note the output-arm length and method o

35、fattachment in the test report.9.1.2 Install the rotary operator in the test frame at an angle,if necessary, with the arm perpendicular to the line of action ofthe test force when at the center of its travel. (If the operatorhas two arms, both arms are to be treated the same with thesum of the opera

36、ting moments on each arm equal to the totalpeak operating torque specified.) Adjust the cables to providebalanced loads on the attachment bolt when the test attachmentpoint and pivot are on a line perpendicular to the line of actionof the test force. As the operator handle is turned to move thearm t

37、oward the fully closed position, the test weights willprovide an opposing test force until the arm is in its fully closedposition simulating the forces applied by a person tightlyclosing a window. Apply the torque for at least 0.25 s, not toexceed 5 s. Maintaining the opposing test force, reverse th

38、edrive motor causing the arm to move back to the centeredposition. As the arm continues to move toward the fully openposition, the test weights provide an opposing test force. Whenthe arm reaches its fully open position, reverse the drive motor,returning the arm to center. The operator input shaft r

39、otationshall not exceed 50 r/min and shall be essentially uniform.(WarningCare must be exercised to ensure that there is notexcessive heating of the test sample due to friction at the highershaft rotation speeds. Excessive temperature rise can result inoperator performance degradation and an invalid

40、 test.)9.1.3 The number of cycles to be run if no prior failureoccurs shall be at the option of the specifier. The inability of theoperator to raise the test weights constitutes failure.9.2 Test Method BHandle with Rotating Fingergrip:9.2.1 Mount the operating handle on the motor-drivenhorizontal sh

41、aft simulating the input shaft. Attach a circumfer-ential collar to the operating handle centered along the rotatingfingergrip area. The handle test weight is calculated to apply amaximum torque to the operator shaft equal to the input torquerequired to develop the required peak-operating moment spe

42、ci-fied in 8.1.2 for the rotary operator of which the handle is apart. Fix the test-weight cable to the collar to cause one rotationof the fingergrip, in relation to the handle, for each rotation ofthe handle. Stop the shaft rotation and reverse the direction ofrotation at least once each minute. Th

43、e shaft rotation shall notexceed 50 r/min and shall be essentially uniform.9.2.2 If no prior failure occurs, stop the test when thenumber of cycles specified for the operator is reached. Theinability of the handle to raise the weight, or the failure of therotating fingergrip to rotate, or both, cons

44、titutes failure.FIG. 2 Force on Operator ArmFIG. 3 Typical Handle Drive ForkFIG. 4 Typical Handle Test ApparatusE40504310. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Date of tests and date of report,10.1.2 Identification of the units tested,10.1.3 The peak operating moment,10.1.4 The distanc

45、e from the pivot axis to the test loadattachment point,10.1.5 The motor torque applied in the fully closed position,10.1.6 The number of cycles to which each of the operatorsand handles were subjected,10.1.7 The condition of the operators and handles at theconclusion of the test, and10.1.8 A stateme

46、nt that the tests were conducted in accor-dance with these test methods, or a full description of anydeviation from these test methods.11. Precision and Accuracy11.1 The nature of this passfail test is such that nostatement can be made as to its precision and accuracy.12. Keywords12.1 rotary operato

47、rs; rotary windows; wear testing;windowsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the

48、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of

49、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) o