ASTM E4-2015 red 2191 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines《检验试验机作用力的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: E4 14E4 15 American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardsAASHTO No: T67Standard Practices forForce Verification of Testing Machines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of or
2、iginaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of
3、Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension orcompression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). Thesepractices are not intended to be complet
4、e purchase specifications for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by oneof the three following methods or combination thereof:1.1.1 Use of standard weights,1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.NOTE 1These practices do not cov
5、er the verification of all types of testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, theconstant-rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendixof Specification D76D76/D76M.1.2 The procedures of
6、 1.1.1 1.1.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine,such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate theforce-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the
7、 report.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3.1 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either in
8、ch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be usedas the standard.1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systemsbe they instantaneous, delayed, stored, orretransmittedwhich are verified with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2, or 1.1.3, and are within the 61 % accuracy requir
9、ement, complywith Practices E4.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations
10、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing MachinesE467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Fo
11、rces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accuracythe specified permissible variation from the reference value.1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibrat
12、ion ofMechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.Current edition approved June 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2015. Published August 2014January 2016. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asE4 13.E4 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0004-14.10.1520/E0004-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit th
13、eASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an
14、 indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to
15、 be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1.1 DiscussionA testing machine is said to be accurate if the indicated force is
16、 within the specified permissible variation from the actual force.In these methods the word “accurate” applied to a testing machine is used without numerical values, for example, “An accuratetesting machine was used for the investigation.” The accuracy of a testing machine should not be confused wit
17、h sensitivity. Forexample, a testing machine might be very sensitive; that is, it might indicate quickly and definitely small changes in force, butnevertheless, be very inaccurate. On the other hand, the accuracy of the results is in general limited by the sensitivity.3.1.2 calibration, n in the cas
18、e of force testing machines, the process of comparing the force indication of the machine undertest to that of a standard, making adjustments as needed to meet error requirements.3.1.3 capacity rangein the case of testing machines, the range of forces for which it is designed. Some testing machines
19、havemore than one capacity range, that is, multiple ranges.3.1.4 correctionin the case of a testing machine, the difference obtained by subtracting the indicated force from the correctvalue of the applied force.3.1.5 elastic calibration devicea device for use in verifying the force readings of a tes
20、ting machine consisting of an elasticmember(s) to which forces may be applied, combined with a mechanism or device for indicating the magnitude (or a quantityproportional to the magnitude) of deformation under force.3.1.6 error (or the deviation from the correct value)in the case of a testing machin
21、e, the difference obtained by subtractingthe force indicated by the calibration device from the force indicated by the testing machine.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe word “error” shall be used with numerical values, for example, “At a force of 30 000 lbf (133 kN), the error of the testingmachine was + 15 lbf
22、 (67 (+ 67 N).”3.1.7 forcein the case of testing machines, a force measured in units such as pound-force, newton, or kilogram-force.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThe pound-force is that force which acting on a 1-lb mass will give to it an acceleration of 32.1740 ft/s2 (9.80665 m/s2). Thenewton is that force whi
23、ch acting on a 1-kg mass will give to it an acceleration of 1 m/s2.3.1.8 percent errorin the case of a testing machine, the ratio, expressed as a percent, of the error to the correct value of theapplied force.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThe test force, as indicated by the testing machine, and the applied forc
24、e, as computed from the readings of the verification device,shall be recorded at each test point. The error, E, and the percent error, Ep, shall be calculated from these data as follows:E 5A 2B (1)Ep 5A 2B!/B#3100where:A = force indicated by machine being verified, lbf (or N), andB = correct value o
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