ASTM D7111-2011 0625 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)《感应耦合等离.pdf
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1、Designation: D7111 11Standard Test Method forDetermination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuelsby Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of selectedeleme
3、nts in middle distillate fuels by inductively coupledplasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specificelements are listed in Table 1. The concentration range of thistest method is approximately 0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg. The test methodmay be used for concentrations outside of this range; however,t
4、he precision statements may not be applicable. Middle distil-late fuels covered in this test method have all distillationfractions contained within the boiling range of 150 to 390C.This includes, but is not limited to, diesel fuels and aviationturbine fuels.1.2 This test method is not intended to an
5、alyze insolubleparticulates. However, very small particulate matter (smallerthan a micrometre) will be carried into the plasma and beincluded in the quantitative analysis.1.3 This test method may give a result that is higher than thetrue value if an analyte is present in the sample in a form whichis
6、 sufficiently volatile. For example, hexamethyldisiloxane willgenerate a biased high result for silicon.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
7、 the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuelsby A
8、tomic Absorption and Flame Emission SpectroscopyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in
9、Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6792 Practice for
10、 Quality System in Petroleum Productsand Lubricants Testing LaboratoriesD7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-tion of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petro-leum Products and Lubricants2.2 Military Standard:1This test metho
11、d is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D711105
12、. DOI: 10.1520/D7111-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Elements and Recommended Wave
13、lengthsElement Wavelengths, nmAluminum 308.215, 396.153Barium 455.403, 493.408Calcium 393.366Chromium 267.716, 283.563Copper 324.752Iron 259.939Lithium 670.784Lead 224.688, 283.306Magnesium 279.553Manganese 257.610Molybdenum 204.597, 281.616Nickel 221.648, 341.476Potassium 766.490Sodium 588.995Silic
14、on 251.611Silver 328.068Titanium 334.940Vanadium 310.230Zinc 213.8571*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MIL-F-16884J Military Specification, Fuel, Naval Di
15、stil-late33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibration, nthe determination of the values of thesignificant parameters by comparison with values indicated bya set of reference standards.3.1.2 calibration curve, nthe graphical or mathematicalrepresentation of a relationship between the assigned (kn
16、own)values of standards and the measured responses from themeasurement system.3.1.3 calibration standard, na standard having an ac-cepted value (reference value) for use in calibrating a measure-ment instrument or system.3.1.4 detection limit, na stated limiting value that desig-nates the lowest con
17、centration that can be determined withconfidence and that is specific to the analytical procedure used.3.1.5 emission spectroscopy, nmeasurement of the energyspectrum emitted by or from an object under some form ofenergetic stimulation; for example, light or electrical discharge.3.1.6 inductively co
18、upled plasma, na high temperaturedischarge generated by passing an ionizable gas through amagnetic field induced by a radio frequency coil surroundingthe tubes that carry the gas.3.1.7 radio frequency, nthe range of frequencies between3 kHz and 300 GHz.3.1.8 standard, na physical or chemical referen
19、ce used asa basis for comparison or calibration.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 detection limit, nthe lowest concentration value foran element that can be determined by ICP analysis and that iscalculated by multiplying three times the standard deviation often repetitive elem
20、ent analyses of the blank solution.3.2.2 internal standard, na chemical standard having anaccepted value (and added to the fuel test specimen andcalibration standard) to determine the emission intensity ratioof an element to the internal standard.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Calibration standards ar
21、e prepared by mixing organo-metallic standard materials in kerosine. An internal standardmaterial is added to the calibration standards and fuel samples.The calibration standards and the fuel samples are aspiratedinto the ICP-AES instrument. The concentrations of the ele-ments in the fuel are calcul
22、ated by comparing emissionintensity ratios of the fuel and calibration standards to theinternal standard.4.2 Consult Practice D7260 regrading the optimum opera-tion of any ICP-AES system.5. Significance and Use5.1 Trace elemental analysis is used to indicate the level ofcontamination of middle disti
23、llate fuels. Trace metals in turbinefuels can cause corrosion and deposition on turbine compo-nents at elevated temperatures. Some diesel fuels have speci-fication limit requirements for trace metals to guard againstengine deposits. Trace level copper in middle distillate aviationturbine fuel can si
24、gnificantly accelerate thermal instability ofthe fuel leading to oxidation and production of detrimentalinsoluble deposits in the engine.5.2 Gas turbine fuel oil Specification D2880 provides rec-ommended upper limits for five trace metals (calcium, lead,sodium, potassium, and vanadium). Military spe
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