ASTM D7012-2007e1 402 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures.pdf
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1、Designation: D 7012 071Standard Test Method forCompressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact RockCore Specimens under Varying States of Stress andTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdjunct number in Footnote 3 was changed editorially in July 20091. Scope
3、1.1 This test method covers the determination of thestrength of intact rock core specimens in uniaxial compressionand confined compression. The tests provide data in determin-ing the strength of rock, namely: the uniaxial strength, shearstrengths at varying pressures and varying temperatures, angleo
4、f internal friction, (angle of shearing resistance), and cohesionintercept. The test method specifies the apparatus, instrumen-tation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strainand the stress-lateral strain curves, as well asYoungs modulus,E, and Poissons ratio, y. It should be observed
5、that this methodmakes no provision for pore pressure measurements andspecimens are undrained (platens are not vented). Thus thestrength values determined are in terms of total stress, that is,are not corrected for pore pressures. This test method does notinclude the procedures necessary to obtain a
6、stress-strain curvebeyond the ultimate strength.1.1.1 This standard replaces and combines the followingStandard Test Methods for: D 2664 Triaxial CompressiveStrength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without PorePressure Measurements; D 5407 Elastic Moduli of UndrainedRock Core Specimens in Triaxial
7、Compression Without PorePressure Measurements; D 2938 Unconfined CompressiveStrength of Intact Rock Core Specimens; and D 3148 ElasticModuli of Intact Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compres-sion.1.1.2 The original four standards are now referred to asMethods in this standard as follows: Method A Tr
8、iaxialCompressive Strength of Undrained Rock Core SpecimensWithout Pore Pressure Measurements; Method B ElasticModuli of Undrained Rock Core Specimens in Triaxial Com-pression Without Pore Pressure Measurements; Method C Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock Core Speci-mens; Method D Elasti
9、c Moduli of Intact Rock CoreSpecimens in Uniaxial Compression; and OptionA ElevatedTemperatures.1.2 For an isotropic material, the relation between the shearand bulk moduli and Youngs modulus and Poissons ratio are:G 5E21 1y!(1)K 5E31 2 2y!(2)where:G = shear modulus,K = bulk modulus,E = Youngs modul
10、us, andy = Poissons ratio.1.2.1 The engineering applicability of these equations de-creases with increasing anisotropy of the rock. It is desirable toconduct tests in the plane of foliation, cleavage or bedding andat right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It isnoted that equations
11、 developed for isotropic materials may giveonly approximate calculated results if the difference in elasticmoduli in two orthogonal directions is greater than 10 % for agiven stress level.NOTE 1Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods (Test MethodD 2845) may often be employed as preliminary measures
12、 of anisotropy.1.3 This test method given for determining the elasticconstants does not apply to rocks that undergo significantinelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. Theelastic moduli for such rocks should be determined fromunload-reload cycles, that are not covered by this test
13、 method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originall
14、y approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 701204e1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
15、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil
16、 and Rock by MassD 2845 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of PulseVelocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of RockD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4543 Practices for Pre
17、paring Rock Core as CylindricalTest Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimen-sional and Shape TolerancesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or Process2.2 A
18、STM Adjunct:3Triaxial Compression Chamber Drawings (3)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A rock core specimen is cut to length and the ends aremachined flat. The specimen is placed in a loading frame andif required, placed in a loading chamber and subjected toconfining pressure. In an elevated temperature
19、 test the speci-men is heated to the desired test temperature. Axial load isincreased continuously on the specimen, and deformation ismeasured as a function of load until peak load and failure areobtained.4. Significance and Use4.1 The parameters obtained from these procedures are interms of undrain
20、ed total stress (as already mentioned in 1.1.1.).However, there are some cases where either the rock type orthe loading condition of the problem under consideration willrequire the effective stress or drained parameters be deter-mined.4.2 Unconfined compressive strength of rock is used inmany design
21、 formulas and is sometimes used as an indexproperty to select the appropriate excavation technique. Defor-mation and strength of rock are known to be functions ofconfining pressure. The confined compression test is com-monly used to simulate the stress conditions under which mostunderground rock mas
22、ses exist. The elastic constants are usedto calculate the stress and deformation in rock structures.4.3 The deformation and strength properties of rock coresmeasured in the laboratory usually do not accurately reflectlarge-scale in situ properties because the latter are stronglyinfluenced by joints,
23、 faults, inhomogeneities, weakness planes,and other factors. Therefore, laboratory values for intactspecimens must be employed with proper judgment in engi-neering applications.NOTE 2Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias con-tained in this test method; the measures of precision of the
24、se test methodsare dependent on the competence of the personnel performing them, andon the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meetthe criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable ofcompetent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautionedth
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