ASTM D6361 D6361M-1998(2015) 4980 Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes《选择清洁剂与过程的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: D6361/D6361M 98 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forSelecting Cleaning Agents and Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6361/D6361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managersin selecti

3、ng the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guidetakes into account environmental pollution prevention factorsin a selection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database ofacceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managersthrough the cleaning material selection proce

4、ss, calling forengineers to customize their selection based on the cleaningrequirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can becleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through severalprocess steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminatesextra cleaning process steps during the total

5、 process.Atotal lifecycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study isrecommended to compare the methods available.1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-ment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and tosome extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and asse

6、m-blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, orelectronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning orsuper-critical fluid cleaning.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not

7、be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility

8、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by C

9、levelandOpen Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdhesivesD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3519 Tes

10、t Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (BlenderTest) (Withdrawn 2013)3D3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (BottleTest) (Withdrawn 2013)3D3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-OilEmulsions by the Oven Test MethodD3709 Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil EmulsionsUnder Low to Am

11、bient Temperature Cycling ConditionsD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate, Bio-degradability of Organic Chemicals in a Sealed VesselCO2Prod

12、uction Test (Withdrawn 2013)3F483 Practice for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Air-craft Maintenance ChemicalsF484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics inContact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid CompoundsF485 Practice for Effects of Cleaners on Unpainted AircraftSurfacesF502 Test Method f

13、or Effects of Cleaning and ChemicalMaintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft SurfacesF519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on HalogenatedOrganic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubco

14、mmittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6361/D6361M-98(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6361_D6361M-98R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST

15、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box

16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service En-vironmentsF945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloysby Aircraft Engine Cleaning MaterialsF1104 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft CleaningCompounds, Liquid Type, Water Base, for

17、 Storage Stabil-ity TestingF1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion TestF1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cad-mium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance ChemicalsG44 Practice for Exposure of Metals andAlloys byAlternateImmersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride SolutionG121 Practice for Pre

18、paration of Contaminated Test Cou-pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning AgentsG122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness ofCleaning Agents2.2 Other Documents:Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209Test for Rubber Compatibility4ARP 1795 StockLoss Corrosion4FAA Technical Bulletin52.3

19、 Military Standards:6MIL-S-8802MIL-S-81722MIL-W-81381/11-203. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cleaning effciency, nthe measure of how well acleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.3.1.2 level of cleanliness, nthe degree to which a partmust be cleaned in order

20、to perform successfully in subsequentmanufacturing or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-equately in its final application.3.1.3 pre-cleaning, nthe initial cleaning step to removegross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The following is a summary of the f

21、ive step approach forselecting general cleaning agents and processes for use inmanufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-tion. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specificinformation on a particular aspect of their process. Then, theuser should consult the guide, whi

22、ch will provide appropriateguidance on evaluation criteria that should be followed in orderto evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 provides asummary of the user-defined requirements information and theprocedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the stepspresented in Table 1 is s

23、uggested, but not crucial to thesuccessful use of this guide. Section 6 will provide greaterdetails on both the user input and the guidance provided.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaningrequirements for specifications for manufacturing,maintenance, or over

24、haul. This guide has been designed to beapplication specific for each cleaning task and to assure thedesign engineer that the process selected by the industrial ormanufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the partmaterial and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows theindustrial or m

25、anufacturing engineer to customize the selectionof the cleaning product based on the materials of the part beingcleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent pro-cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safetyconcerns.6. Procedure6.1 Step 1Define the Requirements of the FacilityT

26、hefirst step taken in selecting a replacement cleaner is todetermine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptableto the requirements of the facility. These requirements includeenvironmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.6.1.1

27、 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsTable 2 presents some of the more common concerns regardingcleaning agents and their effects on the environment, andworker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer shouldfind their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that thecleaner meets

28、 the requirements listed in the right-hand column.6.1.2 Physical and Chemical PropertiesTable 3 presentssome of the more common concerns regarding cleaning agentsand their physical and chemical properties, and the correspond-ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3,the enginee

29、r should find their concern(s) on the left-hand4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.5Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAvenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.6Available from DLA Document

30、 Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.TABLE 1 Summary of GuideStep Defined User Requirements Procedure1 Define the ESH, physical andchemical requirements of thefacilityPhysical and Chemical PropertiesTestVerify that the prospectiveagent is

31、 acceptable.2 Define the material(s) to becleanedMaterial Compatibility Test(s)Verify that the prospective agentwill not harm the component(s)being cleaned.3 Determine shape of part (partgeometry)Applicable processes andequipment4 Define the reason for cleaning Performance TestingVerify thatthe pros

32、pective agent andprocess will perform to thedesired level of cleanliness for theparticular cleaning application.5 Select cleaner Validate environment, cost, andworker health and safety.TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsConcern RequirementEnvironment Compliance with all federal, s

33、tate, and local lawsand regulations concerning the procurement, use,and disposal of the cleaning agent and associatedmaterials.Worker safety and health Compliance with OSHA regulations, providesufficient personal protective equipment to ensurethe health and safety risks of using the cleaningagent ar

34、e minimized.D6361/D6361M 98 (2015)2column and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-tions listed in the remainder of the row. Please note that thisguide does not provide values for the inspection results. Thesevalues are to be determined by the engineer based on thespecific requirements

35、 of the operation.6.2 Step 2Determine Materials of the Parts BeingCleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility TestRequirementsThe second step in using this guide is todetermine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.The information will provide the engineer with the materialcompatibi

36、lity test data required to ensure the cleaner will notdamage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to beused to determine the required material compatibility tests. Touse Table 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.The remaining information in the corresponding row provid

37、esthe short title and the specification number for each of the teststhat must be performed in order to ensure material compatibil-ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloysbehave differently than pure metals and different alloys behavedifferently than other alloys; therefore, s

38、pecific alloys must beutilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data arenot available on a specific alloy with a specific cleaner, the datamust be developed prior to the use of the cleaner.TABLE 4 Material Compatibility RequirementsMaterial Type Short Title StandardSteel Total Immersion

39、 Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or AS

40、TM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Los

41、s Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion AR

42、P 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion of TitaniumAASTM F945Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss

43、 Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Ef

44、fects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)TABLE 3 Physical and Chemical PropertiesConcern ASTM StandardFlash point D56D92D93D3278pH value E70Foaming properties D3519D3601Biodegradability E1720Storage stability D3707F1104Tem

45、perature stability D3709D6361/D6361M 98 (2015)3TABLE 4 ContinuedMaterial Type Short Title StandardMagnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Bras

46、s and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unp

47、ainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Epoxy matrix with metals Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110L

48、ow-Embrittling Cadmium Plate Corrosion ASTM F1111Stress Corrosion ASTM G44 (Modified, see Appendix X2)Rubber compounds Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485F484Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Thermoset plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber

49、 PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Thermo plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D2240Acrylics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Polycarbonates Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Optics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Wiring (insulation) Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Effect on Polymide Insulated Wire Appendix X1Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209Rubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D2240Leather and fabrics Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Painted surface