ASTM D5883-2012 red 6250 Standard Guide for Use of Rotary Kiln Produced Expanded Shale Clay or Slate (ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment in Topsoil Used for Landscaping and Related Purpo.pdf

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1、Designation: D5883 96 (Reapproved 2008) D5883 12Standard Guide forUse of Rotary Kiln Produced Expanded Shale, Clay or Slate(ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment in Topsoil Used forLandscaping and Related Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5883; the number immediately following the

2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This guide covers

3、the material characteristics, physical requirements, and sampling appropriate for the designation of thematerial as a mineral amendment.1.2 The presence in the topsoil of the correct nutrient and pH level is necessary for healthy plant growth. This guide does not,however, cover a determination of th

4、e nutrients, nor their availability.2NOTE 1The nutrient content of topsoil is important and the chemicals usually evaluated are nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Nutrient deficienciesmay be corrected by using fertilizers. Excess soluble salts should be examined as to their desirability. The acidit

5、y or alkalinity of the soil is also important.Excess acidity may be corrected by the application of lime dust. Excess alkalinity may be corrected by the application of sulfur or other suitable acidifyingcompounds. The latter item, in addition to lowering pH, also could be considered as an aggregate

6、when considering the particle size distribution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsi

7、bilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This do

8、cument cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professiona

9、l service must be judged, nor should this document be appliedwithout consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M

10、 Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in AggregateC566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer t

11、han No. 200 (75-m) SieveD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4972 Test Method for pH of SoilsD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping PurposesE11 Specification for Woven Wi

12、re Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium for PlantGrowth.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2012. Published February 2008December 2012. Origin

13、ally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022008as D5883 96 (2002).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D5883-96R08.10.1520/D5883-12.2 Nutrient testing procedures are found in the state Agricultural Experiment Station recommendations from the state within which the landscape is located, “Methods of

14、Soil Analysis” Editor-in-Chief: C. A. Black, Agronomy No. 9, Vol 2, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, and Hesse, P.R., A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis,Chemical Publishing Co., New York, NY 1972.3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM

15、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made

16、to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Sum

17、mary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in this specification,guide, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 D

18、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amendment, physicalany substance, such as sand, calcined clay, peat, or sawdust, added to the soil to alter its physicalproperties.3.2.2 slit trench draina narrow trench (usually 5 to 10 centimeters wide) back-filled to the surface with a material,

19、 such assand, gravel, or crushed rock, to facilitate surface or substance drainage.3.2.3 soil amendment (physical), nany substance, such as sand, calcined clay, shale or slate, peat or sandust, added to the soilto alter its physical properties.3.2.3 soil modification, nalteration of soil characteris

20、tics by addition of physical amendments: commonly used to improvephysical conditions of soils.3.2.5 soil probea soil sampling tool having a hollow cylinder with a cutting edge at the lower end.3.2.6 topdressing, na prepared soil mix added to a turf surface and usually physically worked in by matting

21、, raking, irrigating,or all three, to a smooth surface.3.2.4 topsoil, nusually the original surface layer of grassland or cultivated land. Topsoil does not generally include soil frompeatlands or other special areas, such as land disturbed by industrial activity. Topsoil is usually a darker shade of

22、 brown, gray, orred than the subsoil that lies immediately beneath it, because it contains organic matter intimately mixed with the mineral matter.Topsoil tends to be more friable and pervious than inorganic soils.4. Significance and Use4.1 When physically evaluating a soil, relative to its suitabil

23、ity to support plant growth (primarily grasses), tests must beperformed to determine the presence and amount of solid matter (organic and inorganic) compatibility that can determine potentialair-void content and water-holding ability, and finally, deleterious materials.4.2 Typical general ranges of

24、soil content for suitable topsoils are presented in Specification D5268. It should be recognized,however, that in some geographic regions, concurrence with the values in the referenced table would be difficult. In such situations,locally acceptable specifications need to be developed.NOTE 2The quali

25、ty of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/

26、 and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliableresults. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Function and Material5.1 FunctionThe potential/success of

27、 a topsoil amendment is measured/determined by its ability to provide some or all of thedesired properties/characteristics of the topsoil that are absent in the unamended topsoil or soil. Soils consist essentially of threespace-occupying components: water, air voids, and solid particulate matter. Th

28、e third component can be further divided into twosub-components: organic matter, such as peat, muck or other decayed matter: and inorganic mineral matter, such as clay, silt andsand. ESCS falls into the latter group of the third component sub-component group, as a better substitute for sand.5.2 Mate

29、rialESCS, is a rotary kiln produced vesicular amorphous silicate particulate material. It is a highly porous, lowdensity material with an apparent specific gravity of approximately 0.8 to 2.4, and a dry/loose unit weight of approximately 35 to70 lb/ft560 to 1120 kg/m3, (561 to 1121 kg/m(approximatel

30、y 35 to 70 lb/ft3). The pre-sized raw shale, clay or slate used to produceESCS is fired in the kiln at a temperature between 1800F (982C) and 2200F (1205C). 1000 C (1800 F) and 1200 C (2200F). As it exits the kiln the material is sterile, inert, and ceramic. Some crushing may be performed to facilit

31、ate final sizing in ascreening system. ESCS in generally neutral in pH although the pH can vary somewhat depending on the raw material and the fuelin the kiln. Density, or loose unit weight, is determined by Test Method C29/C29M. The absorption may be determined by TestMethod C566 after soaking the

32、sample a sufficient period of time, usually 3 to 7 days, depending on the source and the gradingof the material. The particle distribution may be determined with appropriate sieves as stated in Specification E11. The ESCS maybe sampled in accordance with Practice D75.6. Application6.1 ESCS is genera

33、lly used in horticultural topsoil applications as a substitute for the sand sub-component of soils solidcomponent soil (see Specification D5268, Table 1). The main adjustment that needs to be made is a A correction for the weightand volume relationship of ESCS fines, fines needs to be noted since ES

34、CS has a different specific gravity than silicon dioxidesand, that is, the minus No. 4 (4.75 mm)4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve size to a similar size of sand. The oven-dry or saturated surfacedry/loose unit weight tests (see Test Method C29/C29M) can be performed to establish the weight-volume relationship.

35、Typically,a loose cubic foot of ESCS fines will weigh approximately from 35 lb/ft560 to 3 (5601120 kg/m3 (35 to 70 lb/ft3) (1120 kg/m3)depending on the source. Absorption of ESCS varies with the source, but is usually from approximately 18 % to 35 % of theD5883 122oven-dry loose unit weight. Several

36、 blends of topsoil using ESCS with or in place of the sand should be prepared and evaluatedwith regard to potential for aeration, moisture retention, resistanceresistence to compaction, and the other items covered inSpecification D5268.NOTE 2ESCS was originally patented as Haydite in 1918. It has be

37、en used in horticultural research as well as in private and commercial plant (andgrass) soil modification management in the United States and Europe since the early 1920s. It is used extensively in hydroponics, as well.7. Keywords7.1 horticulture; landscaping; mineral amendment Haydite; amendment; s

38、oil; soil amendment; modification; topsoilSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this guide since the last issue,D588396(2008), that may impact the use of this guide. (Approved November 1, 2012)(1) Added new Note 2 with reference to D3740.ASTM Internationa

39、l takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their o

40、wn responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be a

41、ddressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,

42、at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5883 123