ASTM D5443-2014 red 7026 Standard Test Method for Paraffin Naphthene and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 ° C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chr.pdf
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1、Designation: D5443 04 (Reapproved 2009)1D5443 14Standard Test Method forParaffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon TypeAnalysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200C 200 C byMulti-Dimensional Gas Chromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5443; the number immediately foll
2、owing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEUpdated vendor and pro
3、duct footnotes editorially in December 2009.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinichydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200C 200 C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200C20
4、0 C and less than 270C 270 C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturatesare included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution.Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.1.2 This test method is not intended to dete
5、rmine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane,cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for asingle hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 mass %.% by mass.1.3 This test method is applica
6、ble to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted,alkylated and blended naphthas.naphtha.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb”
7、 is “C”.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific
8、 precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and Table 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical StandardsD5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petr
9、oleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas ChromatographyD6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by GasChromatography3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A representative sample is introduced into a gas chromatographic system containing
10、 a series of columns and switchingvalves. As the sample passes through a polar column, the polar aromatic compounds, bi-naphthenes, and high boiling (200C)(200 C) paraffins and naphthenes are retained. The fraction not retained elutes to a platinum column, that hydrogenates olefins,if present, in th
11、is fraction, and then to a molecular sieve column which performs a carbon number separation based on molecularstructure, that is, naphthenes and paraffins. The fraction remaining on the polar column is further divided into three separatefractions that are then separated on a non-polar column by boil
12、ing point. Eluting compounds are detected by a flame ionizationdetector.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.Current edit
13、ion approved Dec. 1, 2009June 15, 2014. Published February 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20042009as D5443D5443 04 (2009)104 DOI: 10.1520/D5443-04R09E01.10.1520/D5443-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contac
14、tASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
15、made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*
16、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 The mass concentration of each group is determined by the multiplication of detected peak areas by flame ionization de
17、tectorresponse factors and normalization to 100 %.3.3 This test method provides limited identification of individual hydrocarbon components. Test Method D5134 may be usedto obtain speciation of a number of individual compounds. For samples containing olefins, Test Method D6839 provides carbonnumber
18、distributions of hydrocarbon types (PIONA).4. Significance and Use4.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.4.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such i
19、nformation.5. Interferences5.1 Chemicals of a non-hydrocarbon composition may elute within the hydrocarbon groups, depending on their polarity, boilingpoint, and molecular size. Included in this group are ethers (for example, methyl-tertiary butyl ether) and alcohols (for example,ethanol).6. Apparat
20、us6.1 ChromatographA gas chromatograph capable of isothermal operation at 130130 C 6 0.1C. 0.1 C. The gaschromatograph must contain the following:6.1.1 A heated flash vaporization sample inlet system capable of operation in a splitless mode.6.1.2 Associated gas controls with adequate precision to pr
21、ovide reproducible flows and pressures.6.1.3 A flame ionization detection system optimized for use with packed columns and capable of the following:Isothermal temperature operation 150 to 170CIsothermal temperature operation 150 C to 170 CSensitivity 0.015 coulombs/gSensitivity 0.015 C/gMinimum dete
22、ctability 5 1012 g carbon/secondMinimum detectability 5 1012 g carbon/sLinearity 107Some instruments will produce a non-linear response for benzene, above approximately 5.5 mass %, % by mass, and for tolueneabove approximately 15 mass %. % by mass. The linearity of these components above these conce
23、ntrations must be verified withappropriate blends. Where non-linearity has been shown to exist, samples, that contain no higher than C13, can be analyzed if theTABLE 1 Hydrocarbon Test MixtureHydrocarbons WarningCyclopentane (WarningExtremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)Pentane (WarningExtremely
24、Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)Cyclohexane (WarningExtremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)2,3-Dimethylbutane (WarningExtremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)Hexane (WarningExtremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)1-Hexene (WarningExtremely Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.)Methylcyclohexane (Warning
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