ASTM D5226-2016 Standard Practice for Dissolving Polymer Materials《溶解高分子材料的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5226 16Standard Practice forDissolving Polymer Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to thepreparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent,concentration, temperature, pressure, time, agitati

3、on, and heat-ing mode.1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge ofsolvents and their effect on polymeric materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish

4、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to

5、Plas-tics2.2 Other Document:Polymer Handbook33. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883.3.2 Abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A polymer solution is described or prepared using thecell classifications listing the parameters rela

6、tive to solvate thepolymer. The cell classifications are listed in the followingorder: polymer, solvent, concentration, temperature, time,container, heating mode, and agitation.4.1.1 A polymer and a list of suggested solvents for makinga solution are listed in Annex A1.4.1.2 Table 1 designates the p

7、arameters for container, heat-ing mode, and type of agitation.NOTE 2To illustrate the use of the cell classifications with Table 1,a2 % solution of poly(vinyl chloride) using cyclohexanone would bewritten as:PVC 2 cyclohexanone 2 20 2 66 2 40 2 BECwhere:PVC = abbreviation of the polymer from Annex A

8、1,cyclohexanone = the solvent from Annex A1,20 = weight of polymer in tenths of a percent,66 = temperature in degrees Celsius,40 = time in tenths of an hour,B = glass container from Table 1,E = bath heater from Table 1, andC = random agitation from Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice em

9、bodies the specifications to describe thepreparation of a polymeric solution.6. Procedure6.1 PolymerSelect the applicable polymer fromAnnexA1and write its abbreviation.6.2 SolventSelect the solvent applicable to the polymerfrom Annex A1.6.3 ConcentrationWrite the polymer gram weight intenths of a pe

10、rcent per milliliter of solvent.6.4 TemperatureWrite the solution temperature in degreesCelsius.6.5 TimeWrite the time for solution in tenths of an hour.6.6 ContainerSelect the type of container from Table 1.6.7 Heating ModeSelect the heating mode from Table 1.6.8 AgitationSelect the agitation mode

11、from Table 1.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias of thispractice since the procedure is descriptive with no measure-ments being made.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70

12、on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5226 - 98(2010)1.DOI: 10.1520/D5226-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

13、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

14、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18. Keywords8.1 polymer solutions; solution preparation; solutions; sol-ventsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR POLYMERIC SOLUTIONSA1.1 Note the following:A1.1.1 The solvents in Table A1.1 are listed in randomorder.

15、A1.1.2 An increase in polymer molecular weight reducessolubility.A1.1.3 Branching increases the solubility compared to alinear polymer of the same molecular weight.A1.1.4 Solubility normally increases with rising tempera-ture.A1.1.5 The temperature is for room temperature unlessnoted.A1.1.6 The foll

16、owing abbreviations are used in Table A1.1:D.S. = degree of substitution,S.C. = substituent content,conc. = concentrated.TABLE A1.1 SolventsAbbreviation Polymer SolventsABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,esters, ketones, N,N-dimethyl

17、formamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (ifhigh acrylonitrile)ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acrylonitrile),cyclohexanone (above 35C), cyclohexanone/acetone,methylcyclohexane/acetone, decahydronaphthalene/dimethyl oxalate,benzene, toluene, ethylbe

18、nzene, styrene, lower chlorinatedhydrocarbons, phenol/acetone, tetrahydrofuran,dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropylketone, glycol formal, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl-, ethyl-,n-butyl phthalate, 1-nitropropane, carbon disulfide, tributyl phosphate,phosphorus tri

19、chlorideAlkydes tetrahydrofuranAMMA Acrylonitrile/metha methacrylate benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylenechloride, chlorobenzene, isobutanol (hot), cyclohexanol (hot),B-ethoxyethanol, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone,cyclohexanone, acetic acid, isobutyri

20、c acid, methyl formate, ethylacetate, cyclohexyl acetate, isobutyl propionate, butyl lactateADC Allyl diglycol carbonate benzene, chloroform, acetoneCMC Carboxylmethyl cellulose S.C. = 5 to 10 % alkaliS.C. = 15 to 30 % water (sodium salt)S.C. = highbenzene/alcohol, benzene/acetone, chloroform, pyrid

21、ine,acetone, esters, tetrahydrofuranCA Cellulose acetate D.S. = 0.6 to 0.8waterD.S. = 1.3 to 1.72-methoxyethanolD.S. = 2.0 to 2.3methylene chloride/methanol at 80:20, chloroform/methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenols, ethylene glycol ethers, dioxane,diethanolamine, pyridine, aniline, acetone, cyclohexano

22、ne, formic acid,glacial acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate/nitrobenzene, glycolmonoethyl ether acetate, nitromethane, tetrahydrofuranCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 0.8 and D.S. (butyrate) = 2.35benzene, toluene (hot), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,tetrachloroethane, metha

23、nol (hot), acetone, cyclohexanone, dioxane,aliphatic esters, nitroethaneCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 2.1 and D.S. (butyrate) = 0.7chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, acetone,cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitroethaneCAP Cellulose acetate propiona

24、te benzene, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetateTABLE 1 ParametersDesignation Container Heater Mode Agitation ModeA unspecified unspecified unspecifiedB glass none noneC sealed glass vial oven randomD metal hot plate magnetic stirrerE fluoropolymer bath propeller bladeF block heate

25、r wrist actionG electric mantle ultrasonicH microwaveD5226 162TABLE A1.1 ContinuedAbbreviation Polymer SolventsCN Cellulose nitrate N = 6.8 % waterN = 10.5 to 12 % alcohol (lower), alcohol/diethyl ether, acetone,amyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethers, acetic acid (glacial)N = 12.7 % halogenated hydroc

26、arbons, ethanol/diethyl ether,acetone, methyl amyl acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethylacetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol ether acetates,ethylene carbonate, furan derivatives, nitrobenzeneCP Cellulose propionate benzene, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl ace

27、tateCTA Cellulose triacetate methylene chloride, methylene chloride/ethanol at 80:20, chloroform,chloroform/alcohol, trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone,acetone/water at 80:20, methyl acetate, ethylene glycol etheracetates, ethylene carbonateEPDM Diene-modified ethylene-propylene 1,2,

28、4-trichlorobenzene, toluene at 75C, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzene at135CEP Epoxy, epoxide tetrahydrofuranEC Ethyl cellulose D.S. = 0.5 to 0.7aqueous alkaliD.S. = 1.0 to 1.5pyridine, formic acid, water (cold), cuoxamD.S. = 2methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethylene,chlorohydrins, ethanol, tetrahydro

29、furanD.S. = 2.3benzene, toluene, alkyl halogenoids, alcohols, furanderivatives, ketones, acetic esters, carbon disulfide, nitromethaneD.S. = 3.0benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, alcohols, estersEEA Ethylene/ethyl acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,esters, k

30、etonesEMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid water, aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.002M above 30C), diluteaqueous sodium hydroxideETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer perfluorokerosene (350C)EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride/ethanol,dichloroethylene/ethanol at

31、 20:80, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol/water, n-butanol/water, allyl alcohol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, benzylalcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran,dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters,acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid, lower aliphatic acids, v

32、inylacetate, acetals, acetonitrile, nitromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135C (if high ethylenecontent)LCP Liquid crystal polymer 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 175C, pentafluorophenolMF Melamine formaldehyde Very low molecular weightalcohol, wate

33、rIntermediatespyridine, formalin, formic acids, dilute andconcentrated acidsHigh molecular weightm-cresol at 100C, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone at 85 to 100CPF Phenol-formaldehyde Novalks and low molecular weighthydrocarbons, diethyl ether,acetone, esters, 4-tert

34、-butylphenol and 4-phenylphenol polymers,drying oils, tetrahydrofuran, methanolFinal resinsmolten phenols (with some decomposition)PAA Poly(acrylic acid) Atacticmethanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methyoxyethanol,dioxane, formamide, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, water, dilute alkalisolutionIsotacticdioxan

35、e/water at 80:20PAN Polyacrylonitrile Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)o-, m-, p-phenylene diamine,N-formylhexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosopiperidine, maleic anhydride,chloromaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride,citraconic anhydride, g-butyrolactone, dioxanone, p-dioxanedione,ethylene oxalate, e

36、thylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,2-oxazolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,E-caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethylthioformamide,N-methyl-B-cyanoethylformamide, cyanoaceticacid, a-cyano-acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimet

37、hylmethoxyacetamide, N,N-dimethyl-a,a,a-trifluoroacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropionate, N,N,N,N-tetramethyloxamide, hydroxyacetonitrile, chloro-acetonitrile/water,B-hydroxypropionitrile, malonitrile, fumaronitrile, succinonitrile,adiponitrile, bis(2-cyanoethyl)ether, bis(2-cyanoethyl)sulfide, bis(4-cyan

38、obutyl)sulfone, 1,3,3,5-tetracyanopentane, nitromethane/water(94:6), 1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-2-propane, tri(2-cyanoethyl)nitromethane,3-,4-nitrophenol, methylene dithiocyanate, trimethylene dithiocyanate,dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ethylmethyl sulfone, 2-hydroxyet

39、hyl methyl sulfone, ethylene-1,2-bis-(ethylsulfone), dimethyl phosphite, diethyl phosphite, sulfuric acid, nitricacid, p-phenol sulfonic acid, conc. aqueous lithium chloride, conc.aqueous zinc chloride, conc. aqueous aluminum perchlorate, conc.aqueous sodium thiocyanate, conc. aqueous calcium thiocy

40、anate,molten quaternary ammonium salts and their aqueous solutionsD5226 163TABLE A1.1 ContinuedAbbreviation Polymer SolventsPA Polyamide 6m-cresol, chlorophenol, formic acid, acetic acid, trichloroaceticacid, ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,hexamethyltrisphosphoramide, hexafluoroi

41、sopropanol6:6 (at room temperature)trifluoroethanol, trichloroethanol, phenol,cresols, chloral hydrate, formic acid, halogenated acetic acids,hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide/methanol, liquid sulfur dioxide,sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, saturated solution of alcohol-solublesalts, for example, c

42、alcium chloride, magnesium chloride, in methanol,hexafluoroisopropanol6:6 (at temperatures of 120 to 140C)benzyl alcohol, ethylenechlorohydrin, 1,3-chloropropanol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, diethylene glycol,acetic acid, formamide, N-acetylmorpholine, dimethyl sulfoxide6:10chlorobenzene, hexafluoroisopropa

43、nol, dimethyl succinate(79C)11:higher primary alcohols, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, hexafluoroisopropanolPA/PET Polyamide + Polyethylene terephthalate pentafluorophenolPB Poly(butadiene) tetrahydrofuran, toluene, chloroformPBAN Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile benzene, halogenated hydrocarb

44、ons, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic andaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic esters, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acrylonitrile content)PBS Polybutadiene-styrene benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, aliphatic, cycloaliphat

45、ic andaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic estersPBT Poly(butylene terephthalate) m-cresol at 100C, hexafluoroisopropanolPB Polybutene-1 see PolyethylenePC Polycarbonate benzene, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chlorideNeop

46、rene Polychloroprene tetrahydrofuran, toluenePEEK Polyetheretherketone 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 135CPEI Poly(ether imide) N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamideat 85CPES Poly(ether sulfone) tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamidePE Polyethylene High-density (

47、HDPE) (at temperatures above 80C)aliphatic,cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic,cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic esters andketones, di-n-amyl etherLow-density (LDPE)(LLDPE)as high density, but temperatures 20 to30C lower depending on the degree

48、of branchingCPE Polyethylene, chlorinated, 40 %Cl (at elevated temperature)tetrahydronaphthalene, toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethane,chlorobenzene, cyclohexanoneCPE Polyethylene, chlorinated, 60 % Cl tetrahydronaphthalene, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride,chloroform, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, cy

49、clohexanone, acetone/carbondisulfide at 1:1PEO Poly(ethylene oxide) benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, waterPET Poly(ethylene terephthalate) chloral hydrate, phenol, phenol/tetrachloroethane at 1:1 by volume,phenol/2,4,6-trichlorophenol at 10:7 by volume, chlorophenol,hexafluoroisopropanol, nitrobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (hot),halogenated aliphatic carboxylic acids, m-cresol at 100CPETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate), glycol comonomer see Po