ASTM D4898-1990(2005) Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis《用重量分析法对水流中不溶杂质的试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4898 90 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forInsoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by GravimetricAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense
3、.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of insolublecontamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. Thecontamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on amembrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by a
4、pplicablespecifications (usually 0.45 m or 0.80 m).1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulatecontamination, the gravimetric method should be supple-mented by occasional particle counts of typical samples inaccordance with Test Method F 312.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to
5、 be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
6、prior to use. For a specificwarning statement, see 6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 555/A 555M Specification for General Requirements forStainless Steel Wire and Wire RodsD 1836 Specification for Commercial HexanesD 2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 PercentAlkylbenzene Sul
7、fonate TypeE 319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan MechanicalBalancesF 302 Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids inContainersF 303 Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Com-ponentsF 312 Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane
8、FiltersF 314 Test Methods for Identification of Metallic and Fi-brous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids2.2 Military Standard:MIL-C-81302 C Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotri-fluoroethane33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The insoluble contamination is determined by passing agiven quantity of a fluid s
9、ample through a membrane filter diskand measuring the resultant increase in the weight of the filter.The fluid sample is drawn through the filter by a vacuum andthe insoluble contamination is collected on the surface of thefilter. In addition, the filter disk is microscopically scanned forexcessivel
10、y large particles, fibers, or other unusual conditions.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount ofinsoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing thelevels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essen-tial for the satisfactory performance and l
11、ong life of theequipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filtersbut can damage functional system components resulting inwear and eventual system failure.5. Apparatus5.1 Microbalance, accurate to 0.005 mg, and the zero shallnot drift more than 0.005 mg during the test period. The ratedaccu
12、racy shall be obtainable by personnel actually making theweighings, under actual conditions of use and shall be verifiedin accordance with Practice E 319.5.2 Membrane Filter Support, fritted glass, sintered metal,or stainless steel screen, to support 25-mm or 47 to 51-mmmembrane filters. The support
13、 shall be designed to enableattachment of a vacuum flask.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum and Petroleum Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originall
14、yapproved in 1965. Test Method F 313 70 was redesignated D 4898 73 (1983)e1in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4898 90 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50981Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
16、9428-2959, United States.5.3 Filtration Funnel, glass or stainless steel, minimumcapacity 15 mL, designed to enable attachment to the mem-brane filter support by means of a suitable clamping device.The filter funnel is calibrated to indicate volume.5.4 Vacuum Flask, 250-mL, with rubber stopper.5.5 F
17、iltered Liquid Dispensers (2)Washing bottles orother dispensers capable of delivering liquid through a 0.45-min-line membrane filter.5.6 Air Ionizer, alpha emitter, 18.5 MBq, of polonium-210,with a useful life of 1.5 years to a final value of 1.1 MBq.45.7 Membrane Filters (2), 25 mm or 47 to 51 mm i
18、ndiameter, with pore diameter as required.5.8 Microscope, capable of 353 magnification.5.9 Vacuum Source, capable of pulling 550 mm Hg. Anelectrically driven vacuum pump must be explosion-proof.5.10 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of80C.5.11 Sample Bottles, with contamination-proof
19、 caps.Aluminum-foil wrapped stoppers or polyethylene liners be-tween cap and bottle have proved satisfactory.5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL (May be replaced byvolume-calibrated filter funnel.)5.13 Petri Dishes, covered glass, 150 mm in diameter.5.14 Forceps, with unserrated tips.5.15 Calibration We
20、ights, for microbalance, 10 mg and 20mg, accurate to 0.005 mg and made from nonmagnetic materialconforming to Type 310 in Specification A 555/A 555M. Theaccuracy is traceable to the National Bureau of Standards asdiscussed in their Technical Note 288 .6. Reagents6.1 Commercial Hexane, conforming to
21、SpecificationsD 1836 (WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irri-tant on repeated contact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.).6.2 Detergent, free-rinsing. Material conforming to Specifi-cation D 2021.6.3 Isopropyl Alcohol, acetone-free (WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repe
22、atedcontact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.).6.4 Refrigerant-113 (trichlorotrifluoroethane) conforming toU.S. Military Specification MIL-C-81302C(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on repeatedcontact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.).7. Sample7.1 A 100 6 1-mL fluid sample shall b
23、e used for thismethod. Larger or smaller samples may be used, however, tomeet problems of unusually high or low contamination levels.NOTE 1Methods for obtaining the fluid samples are not specified inthis method. These methods should be established by the individualagencies or laboratories in accorda
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