ASTM D4829-2008 Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils.pdf
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1、Designation: D 4829 08Standard Test Method forExpansion Index of Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.NoteTable 1 was editorially updated and the year date was changed on April 18, 2008.1. Scope*1.1 This test method allows for determination of expansionpotential of compa
3、cted soils when inundated with distilledwater.21.2 This test method provides a simple yet sensitive methodfor determination of expansion potential of compacted soils forpractical engineering applications using an index parameter.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Th
4、e values stated in inch-pound units are approxi-mate.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directl
5、y related tothe accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or otheruses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
6、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction
7、 Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D 854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consoli
8、dationProperties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mix
9、turesD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 145 Specification for Gra
10、vity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 For common definitions of other terms used in this TestMethod, refer to Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 scarificationscratching the surface of a compactedlayer to facilitate bonding with the next layer to avoid potentialseparation
11、 between compacted layers.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 expansion index (EI), n1000 times the differencebetween final and initial height of the specimen divided by theinitial height.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is prepared by compacting a test soil into ametal r
12、ing at a degree of saturation of 50 6 2 %. The specimenand the ring are then placed in a consolidometer. A verticalconfining pressure of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in.2) is applied to the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、ttee D18.05 on Strength andCompressibility of Soils.Current edition approved April 18, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 4829 07.2Refer to Anderson, J. N., and Lade, P. V., “The Expansion Index Test,Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 4
14、, No. 2, ASTM, 1981, pp. 5867.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specimen and the specimen is then inundated with distilledwater. The deformation of the specimen is recorded for 24 h oruntil the rate of deformation
16、becomes less than 0.005 mm/h(0.0002 in./h), whichever occurs first. A minimum recordingtime of3hisrequired.5. Significance and Use5.1 The expansion index, EI, provides an indication ofswelling potential of a compacted soil.5.2 The EI test is not used to duplicate any particular fieldconditions such
17、as soil density, water content, loading, in-placesoil structure, or soil water chemistry. However, consistent testconditions are used in preparation of compacted specimenssuch that direct correlation of data can be made betweenorganizations.NOTE 1Qualitative classification of potential expansion in
18、a soilbased on EI is provided in Table 1.NOTE 2Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias con-tained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependenton the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used.Agencies which me
19、et the criteria of PracticeD 3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users ofthis test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 doesnot ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of tho
20、se factors.6. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe mold shall be cylindrical in shape, made ofmetal, and shall have the capacity and dimensions indicated inFig. 1. The mold shall have a detachable collar inscribed witha mark 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) above the base. The lower section ofthe mold is designed to retain a rem
21、ovable stainless steel ring25.4 mm (1 in.) in height, 101.9 mm (4.01 in.) in internaldiameter, and not less than 3.10 mm (0.120 in.) in wallthickness.6.2 RammerA metal rammer with a circular face with adiameter of 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) and a mass of 2.5 kg (5.5 lbm)shall be used. The rammer shall be eq
22、uipped with a suitablearrangement to control height of drop to a free fall of 304.8 mm6 1.3mm (12 in. 6 0.05 in.) over the top of the soil to becompacted. SeeTest Methods D 698 for further specification ofa suitable rammer.6.3 BalanceAbalance of at least 1000 g capacity meetingthe requirements of Gu
23、ide D 4753, Class GP2.6.4 Drying OvenA thermostatically controlled dryingoven (specified in Specification E 145) capable of maintaininga temperature of 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) for drying watercontent samples.6.5 Straight EdgeSteel straight edge at least 150 mm (6in.) in length with one beveled edge.6.6
24、SievesA 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve conforming to therequirements of Specification E11.6.7 Mixing ToolsMiscellaneous tools such as mixingpans, spoons, trowels, spatula, a suitable mechanical device,and so forth for thoroughly mixing the sample of soil withwater.6.8 Loading DeviceA consolidometer or equiva
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