ASTM D3774-2018 Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric.pdf

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1、Designation: D3774 18Standard Test Method forWidth of Textile Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indi

2、cates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the width ofwoven or knitted fab

3、rics, usable width, or both. The method isapplicable to full rolls, bolts of fabric, and short specimensremoved from a roll or bolt. Unless otherwise specified,measurements shall include the selvages when present.1.2 The method offers two options:1.2.1 Option AFull Roll or Bolt.1.2.2 Option BShort S

4、pecimen Removed from Full Rollor Bolt.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. customaryunits are to be regarded as standard. The U.S. customary unitsmay be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi

5、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izatio

6、n established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for

7、Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethods2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:raised-surface width; usable width; width of a circular-knittedfabric, when measu

8、red as a tubular structure; width of acircular-knitted fabric, when tubular structure has been slit;width, of a fabric; width, of a fabric woven on a shuttlelessloom.3.2 For terminology related to Fabric Test Methods, seeTerminology D4850.3.3 For definitions of all other textile terms see Terminolog

9、yD123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The width of the fabric is measured directly by using ametal rule.4.2 Option A offers two procedures for the measurement offabric width in full rolls or bolts. Raised (pile or napped)surface width or usable width may be measured in addition to,or in place of, the f

10、ull width. The first procedure is atension-free method; the second procedure provides for mea-surements made during finishing or inspection operations thatmay impart tension to the fabric.4.3 Option B covers the measurement of fabric width whenonly a short length of fabric is available. Raised (pile

11、 ornapped) surface width or usable width may be measured inaddition to, or in place of, the full width.5. Significance and Use5.1 Option A procedures of Test Method D3774 for widthare considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments because they are used extensively in the tra

12、de.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test values when using Test Method D3774 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on

13、 Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Replaces Sections13 to 17 of Methods D1910 89, Test for Construction Characteristics of WovenFabrics. Originally approved in 1996. Last previou

14、s edition approved in 2016 asD377496(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D3774-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web

15、site.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance

16、 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1there is a statistical bias between t

17、heir laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be random

18、ly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found a

19、nd corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Measuring device, meter (yard) stick or steel tapehaving 1-mm (116-in.) graduations and a length that is greaterthan the width of fabric to be measured.7. Sampling7

20、.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric as directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier.7.2 For Option A, consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units. Consider the rolls of fabri

21、c in the lot sample asthe laboratory sample and the points at which measurementsare made within the rolls as test specimens. Circular knits maybe measured in tubular or slit form.7.3 For Option B, cut a full width swatch at least2m(2yd)long from each lot sampling unit as a laboratory sampling unit,t

22、aking care that the construction is not distorted within theswatches. Consider the points at which the measurements aremade within the swatches as test specimens. This option is notsuitable for acceptance testing because the results are appli-cable to those swatches only. Circular knits may be measu

23、redin tubular or slit form.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776.8.2 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities,perform the tests without conditioning and report the actualconditions prevailing at

24、 the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing condi-tioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing tex-tiles.9. Procedure9.1 Make all measurements, when possible, in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles, which is 21 6 2C(706 4 F)and 65

25、6 5 % relative humidity.9.2 Option AFull Roll or Bolt:9.2.1 Free of TensionLay the fabric on a smooth horizon-tal surface without tension in any direction. For circular knitsto be measured in tubular form, lay the tube flat on a smooth,horizontal surface, without tension in any direction. Measurethe

26、 perpendicular distance between the outer edges of thefabric (including selvages, if present) to the nearest 1 mm (116in.), using the measuring device or steel tape. Refer toterminology for the specific measurement points for each fabricconstruction. Take the measurement in at least five widelyspace

27、d places along the length of the roll or bolt. Make nomeasurement within1m(1yd)oftheends of the roll or bolt.When specified, measurements of raised-surface or usablewidth may be made at the same time. Calculate and record theaverage of all measurements to the nearest 1 mm (116) in.Record the minimum

28、 and maximum values for each roll andfor the lot.9.2.2 Running Under Tension (for woven fabrics only)When agreed upon by all parties concerned, take five measure-ments of the perpendicular distance between outer edges of thefabric (including selvages, if present) to the nearest 1 mm(116 in.) at any

29、convenient time during the finishing or inspec-tion operations using the measuring device. Make no measure-ment within1m(1yd)oftheends of the roll or bolt. Whenspecified, measurements of raised-surface or usable width maybe made at the same time. Calculate and record the average ofall measurements t

30、o the nearest 1 mm (116 in.) Record theminimum and maximum values for each roll and for the lot.9.3 Option BLaboratory Sample Removed From Full Rollor Bolt:9.3.1 Lay the fabric on a smooth horizontal surface withouttension in any direction and free of wrinkles or distortion. Forcircular knits to be

31、measured in tubular form, lay tube flat ona smooth, horizontal surface, without tension in any direction.Handle carefully to avoid distortion. Measure the perpendicu-lar distance between outer edges of the fabric (includingselvages, if present) to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.) at three ormore points se

32、parated by at least 0.3 m (1 ft) along the lengthof the fabric. Refer to terminology for the specific measure-ment points for each fabric construction. Do not make mea-surements closer than 150 mm (6 in.) to the cut ends. Whenspecified, measurements of raised-surface or usable width maybe made at th

33、e same time. Calculate the average of allmeasurements on the specimen to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.).Record the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement.10. Report10.1 State that the specimen was tested as directed in TestMethod D3774. Describe the material or product

34、sampled andthe source of each specimen.10.2 Report the following information:10.2.1 Option used and if tension was used in Option A.10.2.2 Whether full width or usable width was measured.Include a description of usable width, as agreed upon bypurchaser and supplier.10.2.3 If sample was a circular kn

35、it, report whether it wasmeasured in tubular or slit form.10.2.4 Number of observations.10.2.5 Average of all observations for each roll and for thelot, to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.) or as specified betweenpurchaser and seller.D3774 18210.2.6 Minimum and maximum observation for each sam-pling unit a

36、nd the lot.10.2.7 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconducted and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D1776.11. Precision and Bias11.1 SummaryIn comparing the average of five observa-tions for a woven fabric, the difference should not exceed 1.5mm in 95 out o

37、f 100 cases when all of the observations weretaken by the same well-trained operator using the same piece ofapparatus and specimens randomly drawn from the samesample of material. Larger differences are likely under all othercircumstances. Critical differences for this method have notbeen determined

38、 for knit fabrics.11.2 Interlaboratory Test Data:411.2.1 An interlaboratory test was run in 1980 in whichrandomly drawn samples of four materials were tested in eachof four laboratories. Two operators in each laboratory eachtested two specimens of each material. The first fabric was a65 % polyester

39、and 35 % cotton plisse-type basket weave. Thesecond fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton ginghamcheck. The third fabric was an 88 % cotton and 12 % polyestercorduroy. The fourth fabric was a 100 % cotton denim. Thecomponent of variance for fabric width expressed as standarddeviations were cal

40、culated to be as follows:Single-Oper-ator Compo-nent, mmWithin-LaboratoryComponent, mmBetween-LaboratoryComponent, mmMaterial 1 0.764 0.000 0.722Material 2 1.181 0.000 0.000Material 3 0.500 0.500 2.776Material 4 1.443 0.000 3.11611.2.2 Since differences of 2 mm (113 in.) in fabric width arenot of pr

41、actical importance, it was agreed to pool the estimatesof the single-operator and within-laboratory components for allmaterials and to assume two classes of materials for purposesof the between-laboratory component. No rule for classifyingthe materials with respect to the between-laboratory compo-ne

42、nt is known. The pooled estimates are as follows:Single-Operator Component 1.038 mmWithin-Laboratory Component 0.250 mmBetween-Laboratory ComponentClass 1Class 20.510 mm2.951 mmNOTE 1The square roots of the components of variance are beingreported to express the variability in the appropriate unit o

43、f measure ratherthan as the squares of those units of measure.11.3 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variancereport in 9.2.1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the following criticaldif

44、ferences:Number ofObservationsin eachAverageCritical Differences for the Conditions NotedSingle-Op-erator Pre-cision, mmWithin-LaboratoryPrecision, mmBetween-LaboratoryPrecision, mmClass 1 Class 21 2.9 3.0 3.3 8.75 1.3 1.4 2.0 8.310 0.9 1.1 1.8 8.3The critical differences were calculated using t = 1

45、.960which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.NOTE 2The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of s

46、tatistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established, with each comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type beingevaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and thenrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.

47、11.4 BiasThe procedure in Option A of Test MethodD3774 for measuring the width of fabric free of tension has noknown bias and is used as a referee method.12. Keywords12.1 knit fabric; width; woven fabricASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in con

48、nection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respon

49、sible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is