ASTM D3665-2007e1 Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials《结构材料随机采样的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D3665 071Standard Practice forRandom Sampling of Construction Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEFootnote 1 and 3.1 were editorially corrected in December 2010.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of random loca-tions (or timing) at wh

3、ich samples of construction materialscan be taken. For the exact physical procedures for securing thesample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the numberof increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample,reference should be made to the appropriate standard method.The selection pr

4、ocedures in Section 6 utilize the table offour-digit numbers given in Table 1.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter

5、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous

6、MaterialsD345 Test Method for Sampling and Testing CalciumChloride for Roads and Structural ApplicationsD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-tures for Laboratory TestingE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practi

7、ce for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 representative sample, n(

8、1) a random sample; or (2)an unbiased sample.3.1.1.1 random sample, na sample obtained from a lot ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have a knownprobability of being included in the sample.3.1.1.2 DiscussionAn example of random sample is thecase where specifications limit roadway

9、sampling to within onefoot of the edge, therefore the probability of inclusion ofsamples within one foot of the edge is zero.3.1.1.3 unbiased sample, na sample obtained from a lot ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have an equalprobability of being included in the sample.4. Signif

10、icance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location ortime, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize anyunintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.NOTE 1The effectiveness of this practice in achieving randomsamples is limited only by the conscientiousness

11、 of the user in followingthe stipulated procedures.4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standardprovide a practical approach for ensuring that constructionmaterial samples are obtained in a random manner. Additionaldetails concerning the number of sample increments, thenumber of samples

12、, the quantities of material in each, and theprocedures for extracting sample increments or samples fromthe construction lot or process are contained in Practices C172,C183, D75, D140, D979, D5361, and Test Method D345.4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and pavingmaterials. The concepts

13、 outlined therein are applicable to therandom sampling of any construction material and can easilybe adapted thereto.4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in PracticeE105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E122 concern-ing choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of alot o

14、r process (see Note 2), and in Practice E141 for acceptanceof evidence based on results of probability sampling.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition app

15、roved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3665 06. DOI:10.1520/D3665-07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v

16、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available inother documents referenced in this se

17、ction.4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring thatsamples of construction materials include the full range of aconstruction process is by incorporating a stratified-randomsampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement astratified-random sampling procedure, divide the lot to b

18、esampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomlysample each sublot in accordance with this standard.NOTE 3If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary toweight the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible samplingprocess.TABLE 1 Table of Random NumbersColum

19、nRow1234567891011213141516171819201 0.0356 0.8697 0.2205 0.4538 0.8827 0.4225 0.4008 0.4615 0.7901 0.6500 0.3838 0.6723 0.3978 0.8775 0.5588 0.8829 0.8980 0.3108 0.8204 0.58092 0.8580 0.2990 0.4644 0.4871 0.8163 0.9263 0.4562 0.6337 0.3934 0.4141 0.9521 0.2879 0.6361 0.2021 0.7589 0.1870 0.9183 0.61

20、49 0.4569 0.03783 0.8868 0.7446 0.6652 0.8173 0.4798 0.0117 0.3324 0.0097 0.6668 0.0963 0.0875 0.8582 0.7717 0.2669 0.0231 0.3648 0.2685 0.9928 0.9793 0.44114 0.7940 0.9892 0.5329 0.1233 0.0121 0.1633 0.2466 0.6142 0.3381 0.0445 0.3771 0.5309 0.9193 0.6072 0.1577 0.4387 0.7038 0.8757 0.2657 0.30065

21、0.0305 0.8423 0.6766 0.4190 0.2374 0.8753 0.4063 0.3408 0.9021 0.9039 0.5236 0.8083 0.3872 0.6830 0.8937 0.1957 0.8938 0.5609 0.7841 0.90786 0.1990 0.1379 0.1276 0.8425 0.7700 0.0468 0.4882 0.7197 0.6832 0.7265 0.1392 0.4944 0.1193 0.2191 0.9428 0.0598 0.1253 0.0438 0.2364 0.82837 0.7772 0.5641 0.34

22、72 0.7382 0.3921 0.6947 0.1795 0.8053 0.3994 0.8987 0.9821 0.3976 0.9681 0.0133 0.4219 0.2847 0.6499 0.7325 0.2250 0.71638 0.8062 0.3416 0.7687 0.1519 0.3264 0.6758 0.9357 0.1854 0.4155 0.1200 0.6862 0.9827 0.8000 0.5474 0.6931 0.0730 0.7022 0.4352 0.8045 0.93089 0.0653 0.1296 0.4614 0.5070 0.1989 0

23、.9625 0.9050 0.9109 0.3074 0.0470 0.8219 0.9812 0.8277 0.3898 0.1725 0.6658 0.2857 0.7811 0.1973 0.114410 0.4181 0.4971 0.3942 0.4448 0.2319 0.5155 0.9658 0.1595 0.1979 0.3377 0.2642 0.3430 0.0945 0.2011 0.5689 0.1731 0.4044 0.3248 0.2343 0.794811 0.9174 0.0714 0.3789 0.6153 0.5821 0.9347 0.5790 0.4

24、254 0.8405 0.8805 0.5125 0.1703 0.5123 0.9250 0.5521 0.2550 0.6623 0.5314 0.3974 0.861212 0.3636 0.0533 0.7853 0.8393 0.2079 0.6486 0.7869 0.2127 0.2143 0.8966 0.2007 0.7918 0.5869 0.1063 0.8177 0.7662 0.8717 0.6379 0.8377 0.119913 0.5300 0.7917 0.4838 0.5933 0.1910 0.7645 0.3495 0.6484 0.9602 0.460

25、2 0.1401 0.5121 0.4541 0.9585 0.7676 0.3336 0.9076 0.2465 0.8121 0.718614 0.2863 0.9575 0.2481 0.0518 0.1765 0.9679 0.1299 0.9131 0.3051 0.7447 0.3026 0.2638 0.8831 0.6835 0.9893 0.9380 0.2478 0.8369 0.8063 0.309415 0.0919 0.8835 0.1516 0.0738 0.7219 0.3144 0.1118 0.5779 0.3448 0.8988 0.4771 0.3194

26、0.5435 0.7660 0.2173 0.7613 0.7741 0.6532 0.7655 0.531916 0.2116 0.7835 0.9001 0.3824 0.2247 0.0826 0.5451 0.8301 0.6777 0.5574 0.1168 0.6111 0.6003 0.3233 0.1176 0.7856 0.7148 0.2957 0.5507 0.795617 0.5583 0.4657 0.9500 0.9321 0.7194 0.0313 0.1899 0.5829 0.9650 0.6273 0.6164 0.0801 0.8359 0.6847 0.

27、2880 0.9049 0.7390 0.6729 0.5807 0.415218 0.3455 0.6793 0.5516 0.6413 0.0806 0.9489 0.2105 0.5373 0.5276 0.7742 0.6070 0.1399 0.4579 0.5358 0.8796 0.3889 0.9118 0.6181 0.3749 0.113619 0.9809 0.1277 0.2121 0.6564 0.8096 0.1339 0.1651 0.8728 0.5060 0.2562 0.0575 0.4796 0.1025 0.8165 0.4659 0.6653 0.25

28、32 0.6848 0.5896 0.697820 0.3544 0.3332 0.1076 0.9623 0.9570 0.9005 0.7518 0.2124 0.7816 0.0524 0.3852 0.2564 0.3572 0.2538 0.2743 0.2239 0.2928 0.4689 0.6561 0.552521 0.3107 0.4720 0.8457 0.7880 0.3941 0.8184 0.7261 0.8509 0.8218 0.6054 0.2363 0.3096 0.9851 0.6575 0.3180 0.2515 0.0205 0.4551 0.9801

29、 0.442222 0.3105 0.8302 0.4188 0.3404 0.6603 0.8052 0.7317 0.0376 0.4959 0.8992 0.4175 0.1798 0.6674 0.0772 0.9646 0.1547 0.9817 0.3133 0.9012 0.055523 0.2795 0.5932 0.5858 0.6159 0.3832 0.7783 0.5636 0.6465 0.0149 0.0369 0.7373 0.5268 0.1544 0.0465 0.9359 0.5398 0.4154 0.6665 0.5770 0.797624 0.1222

30、 0.4230 0.9137 0.6906 0.6160 0.5612 0.2425 0.9598 0.2475 0.1652 0.2774 0.4059 0.7871 0.4323 0.2282 0.7970 0.1964 0.8050 0.5935 0.685225 0.3933 0.4639 0.9741 0.9616 0.5343 0.6853 0.0568 0.0109 0.5199 0.2707 0.7138 0.4932 0.4308 0.1584 0.0059 0.0467 0.8550 0.7407 0.3616 0.841826 0.6375 0.9508 0.6063 0

31、.6271 0.0392 0.9462 0.7996 0.9033 0.8493 0.5789 0.3668 0.9685 0.3273 0.9763 0.7681 0.3785 0.3716 0.6096 0.5991 0.497727 0.8828 0.8225 0.7213 0.8026 0.9042 0.2941 0.4287 0.6298 0.3062 0.4836 0.1267 0.3965 0.5990 0.4737 0.1563 0.8610 0.2998 0.1816 0.4540 0.160828 0.4528 0.0677 0.9607 0.6735 0.7048 0.3

32、927 0.6913 0.3480 0.7553 0.4496 0.4527 0.3829 0.3461 0.4393 0.0062 0.9974 0.3989 0.2966 0.0273 0.267229 0.8241 0.9913 0.6051 0.1978 0.7680 0.0890 0.9716 0.5439 0.2246 0.5703 0.5120 0.7354 0.6625 0.2479 0.4592 0.3497 0.7953 0.2891 0.1571 0.441530 0.7673 0.7565 0.8132 0.3048 0.7381 0.1866 0.3811 0.139

33、5 0.9473 0.4633 0.2630 0.0805 0.5110 0.5886 0.6523 0.8708 0.1482 0.9179 0.7410 0.180031 0.1455 0.2822 0.5090 0.0486 0.1449 0.3154 0.6839 0.6125 0.2583 0.0908 0.4781 0.4029 0.3166 0.9201 0.9360 0.1265 0.6174 0.4998 0.7994 0.443132 0.5559 0.4417 0.9958 0.1375 0.3938 0.3579 0.3056 0.4888 0.9534 0.5698

34、0.4302 0.1562 0.3409 0.4339 0.5964 0.1856 0.9748 0.8212 0.8917 0.611433 0.3869 0.0389 0.8325 0.1481 0.9486 0.4295 0.2151 0.9310 0.6474 0.4319 0.8648 0.1625 0.7669 0.1420 0.1235 0.7456 0.4629 0.8687 0.8111 0.284834 0.6846 0.5393 0.5101 0.6459 0.3384 0.7169 0.7646 0.5726 0.7334 0.8675 0.5246 0.5501 0.

35、7638 0.0602 0.5551 0.7096 0.8306 0.1124 0.9806 0.826135 0.7412 0.1670 0.9434 0.5619 0.7958 0.7664 0.5776 0.7392 0.8174 0.2921 0.4320 0.4198 0.4405 0.8766 0.5255 0.6235 0.2760 0.8997 0.3319 0.830536 0.2962 0.8959 0.1923 0.2913 0.3496 0.7490 0.3268 0.6689 0.5693 0.6985 0.8471 0.3621 0.2606 0.9251 0.43

36、96 0.9781 0.9281 0.4138 0.5440 0.400337 0.5891 0.2476 0.5682 0.7971 0.7684 0.7739 0.9110 0.5279 0.2185 0.2267 0.5786 0.5259 0.6820 0.5864 0.8436 0.2467 0.2174 0.1038 0.3551 0.079038 0.6755 0.6776 0.0063 0.7536 0.4472 0.7270 0.6630 0.7563 0.9819 0.7059 0.4127 0.5392 0.2353 0.2671 0.2581 0.4313 0.1492

37、 0.7071 0.4245 0.525639 0.0304 0.3065 0.7253 0.5462 0.4887 0.9677 0.0836 0.7073 0.6673 0.8901 0.6168 0.1682 0.6479 0.5838 0.9895 0.9052 0.8041 0.3085 0.7294 0.543040 0.1217 0.6469 0.1386 0.6736 0.8927 0.8188 0.3325 0.1298 0.1470 0.9798 0.4001 0.5649 0.4773 0.1993 0.5547 0.3928 0.1065 0.4847 0.7819 0

38、.395241 0.7083 0.2750 0.5020 0.2919 0.1907 0.9975 0.1699 0.1580 0.2987 0.2015 0.4603 0.0733 0.8926 0.1103 0.1701 0.5732 0.7292 0.1786 0.8474 0.993242 0.0138 0.7882 0.5022 0.1523 0.0226 0.4346 0.6656 0.1293 0.6284 0.5922 0.2738 0.5046 0.0043 0.3289 0.6412 0.5496 0.0359 0.8640 0.7372 0.014543 0.9341 0

39、.1961 0.2243 0.5299 0.3272 0.0774 0.3768 0.3298 0.3886 0.4275 0.0606 0.7166 0.3356 0.5960 0.3007 0.0351 0.9280 0.7488 0.5522 0.103244 0.8614 0.7227 0.3796 0.7818 0.6428 0.7740 0.6341 0.5229 0.2931 0.3303 0.8021 0.4166 0.0175 0.0163 0.1924 0.0722 0.0368 0.3633 0.9159 0.693045 0.5385 0.5289 0.9784 0.8

40、562 0.5176 0.7345 0.9587 0.0743 0.6001 0.0235 0.5561 0.3000 0.6912 0.5096 0.0435 0.5320 0.2085 0.1597 0.4799 0.517146 0.5979 0.6094 0.0863 0.2458 0.9090 0.2937 0.8195 0.1778 0.1189 0.6117 0.6220 0.7426 0.8556 0.4642 0.7908 0.4669 0.5250 0.5791 0.6536 0.234947 0.9057 0.1826 0.2980 1.0000 0.6281 0.913

41、4 0.7457 0.4114 0.1380 0.8544 0.9832 0.2391 0.3897 0.6078 0.5774 0.8249 0.3363 0.7580 0.3101 0.829048 0.4315 0.5204 0.7018 0.5839 0.8344 0.3552 0.3506 0.2907 0.2367 0.7180 0.4895 0.7000 0.3876 0.6223 0.8169 0.7256 0.5919 0.1493 0.6872 0.616649 0.3747 0.3067 0.5837 0.3798 0.2122 0.1231 0.7528 0.5004

42、0.8587 0.2019 0.5503 0.8136 0.2197 0.3593 0.9098 0.6697 0.8790 0.9954 0.8384 0.261650 0.2108 0.5876 0.3779 0.3313 0.9510 0.7574 0.7844 0.0986 0.9460 0.8196 0.6916 0.3286 0.4119 0.1974 0.4312 0.7993 0.5471 0.0599 0.7504 0.1550D3665 0712TABLE 1 ContinuedColumnRow12345678910112131415161718192051 0.2546

43、 0.6608 0.5509 0.3473 0.5846 0.8948 0.2115 0.3412 0.1180 0.0740 0.9903 0.9390 0.3151 0.6119 0.5192 0.2134 0.3132 0.5544 0.9249 0.424652 0.8546 0.5976 0.4030 0.6020 0.4150 0.1462 0.3160 0.2477 0.9297 0.7111 0.7067 0.7858 0.5707 0.0520 0.1583 0.2253 0.7338 0.5280 0.2334 0.089653 0.3835 0.8346 0.1555 0

44、.9635 0.5912 0.5211 0.2264 0.1373 0.6416 0.2488 0.5816 0.8532 0.9682 0.1575 0.2873 0.8617 0.8485 0.2526 0.5128 0.178254 0.3164 0.9559 0.6894 0.3290 0.0857 0.1933 0.3185 0.0699 0.0431 0.2781 0.6186 0.0907 0.5089 0.1892 0.2572 0.9905 0.0665 0.1066 0.9961 0.993055 0.3130 0.1475 0.9099 0.8060 0.0338 0.0

45、625 0.0549 0.7349 0.3866 0.1752 0.5421 0.3931 0.6343 0.7156 0.8422 0.6514 0.7890 0.2924 0.1809 0.269256 0.7911 0.5716 0.0373 0.5861 0.1039 0.6798 0.8594 0.8317 0.0354 0.9736 0.8922 0.1227 0.5902 0.0797 0.7425 0.5556 0.2123 0.5029 0.1628 0.486957 0.9198 0.5400 0.0666 0.5460 0.4048 0.6112 0.4347 0.418

46、6 0.9478 0.2586 0.9874 0.3600 0.0458 0.6272 0.1150 0.8650 0.4912 0.7474 0.5485 0.570258 0.8727 0.2502 0.4855 0.8685 0.4243 0.0791 0.4340 0.3848 0.9395 0.5653 0.0472 0.2773 0.5950 0.7770 0.2336 0.3219 0.4946 0.2358 0.0136 0.033059 0.7465 0.3035 0.9044 0.4627 0.0384 0.1256 0.9422 0.5983 0.0072 0.1259

47、0.0720 0.9546 0.0802 0.9629 0.8070 0.5780 0.2286 0.7404 0.7060 0.582660 0.4104 0.6921 0.0984 0.2920 0.0793 0.4349 0.4265 0.1730 0.0200 0.6064 0.1326 0.3555 0.9144 0.9922 0.7804 0.9459 0.1830 0.6811 0.4276 0.131661 0.1097 0.5659 0.6392 0.7802 0.6662 0.9464 0.3442 0.5566 0.8280 0.3671 0.7720 0.2833 0.

48、3675 0.5129 0.0057 0.6463 0.6825 0.9235 0.6927 0.899962 0.6980 0.2260 0.4972 0.5389 0.6865 0.8203 0.1190 0.7523 0.7272 0.8088 0.2812 0.5218 0.1928 0.5062 0.5475 0.7935 0.9849 0.9666 0.1818 0.513163 0.2575 0.4500 0.9663 0.5629 0.8838 0.9085 0.5323 0.9553 0.3917 0.3432 0.6702 0.2046 0.6926 0.4418 0.27

49、76 0.6738 0.2440 0.0118 0.5408 0.212564 0.3624 0.3423 0.8596 0.9755 0.4846 0.2517 0.5338 0.2676 0.9436 0.0976 0.4101 0.6086 0.0988 0.8668 0.4033 0.6795 0.6756 0.6212 0.7569 0.805565 0.8222 0.3631 0.3881 0.1022 0.3509 0.3887 0.2423 0.0577 0.5044 0.0706 0.7210 0.1573 0.5187 0.6372 0.4913 0.2858 0.4022 0.6483 0.1513 0.002566 0.4763 0.7779 0.3295 0.3471 0.0343 0.8435 0.6146 0.7817 0.4859 0.9916 0.8565 0.6196 0.8975 0.5998 0.2786 0.4389 0.7016 0.8589 0.5397 0.520367 0.5000 0.3427 0.8329 0.7514 0.2399 0.0183 0.7310 0.1436 0.5292 0.9037 0.0788 0.1806 0.5431 0.2875 0.5711 0.7307