ASTM D2386-2015 Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels《航空燃料冻结点的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D2386 06 (Reapproved 2012)D2386 15Designation: 16/15Standard Test Method forFreezing Point of Aviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cove
3、rs the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviationturbine fuels and aviation gasoline.NOTE 1The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions for this test method did not include aviation gasoline.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be re
4、garded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
5、 materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be awarethat selling mercury and/or mercury cont
6、aining products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the a
7、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.4, Section 6, and 8.28.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of D
8、istillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers2.2 Ene
9、rgy Institute Standard:IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products, Part 1Products IP 16/1543. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 freezing point, nin aviation fuels, the fuel temperature at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling, disappearwhen the temper
10、ature of the fuel is allowed to rise under specified conditions of test.3.1.2 crystallization point, nthe temperature at which crystals of hydrocarbons first appear when the test sample is cooled.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, a
11、nd Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved April 15, 2012June 1, 2015. Published April 2012June 2015. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asD2386D2386 06 (2012).06. DOI: 10.1520/D2386-06R12.10.1
12、520/D2386-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical s
13、tandard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previo
14、us version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Chang
15、es section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar
16、bon crystalsthat can restrict the flow of fuel through filters if present in the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircrafttank normally falls during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel mustalways be lower th
17、an the minimum operational tank temperature.4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910 and D1655.5. Apparatus5.1 Jacketed Sample TubeAdouble-walled, unsilvered vessel, similar to a Dewar flask, the space between the inner and outertube walls being filled at atmospheric pressure with
18、dry nitrogen or air. The mouth of the sample tube shall be closed with a stoppersupporting the thermometer and moisture-proof collar through which the stirrer passes (Fig. 1). A cork stopper is recommended.5.2 CollarsMoisture-proof collars as shown in Fig. 2 shall be used to prevent condensation of
19、moisture.5.3 StirrerShall be made of 1.6-mm brass 1.6 mm brass or stainless steel rod bent into a smooth three-loop spiral at thebottom.NOTE 2The stirrer may be mechanically actuated as described in the apparatus section of Test Method D3117.5.4 Vacuum FlaskAn unsilvered vacuum flask (WarningImplosi
20、on hazard) having the minimum dimensions shown in Fig.1 shall be used to hold an adequate volume of cooling liquid and permit the necessary depth of immersion of the jacketed sampletube.5.5 ThermometerAtotal immersion type, having a range from 8080 C to +20C,+20 C, designated asASTM No. 114C/IPNo. 1
21、4C. (See Specification E1, or Appendix A, IP Standard Thermometers, Volume 2, IP Standard Methods for Analysis andTesting of Petroleum and Related Products.)FIG. 1 Freezing Point ApparatusD2386 152NOTE 3The accuracy of this thermometer is to be checked in accordance with Test Method E77, at temperat
22、ures of 0, 40, 60, and 75C.0 C,40 C, 60 C, and 75 C.56. Reagents and Materials6.1 AcetoneTechnical Grade acetone is suitable for the cooling bath, provided it does not leave a residue on drying.(WarningExtremely flammable.)6.2 Ethanol or Ethyl AlcoholA commercial or technical grade of dry ethanol is
23、 suitable for the cooling bath. (WarningExtremely flammable.)6.3 Isopropyl AlcoholA commercial or technical grade of dry isopropyl alcohol is suitable. (WarningExtremelyflammable.)6.4 Methanol or Methyl AlcoholA commercial or technical grade of dry methanol is suitable for the cooling bath.(WarningE
24、xtremely flammable and toxic.)6.5 Carbon Dioxide (Solid) or Dry IceA commercial grade of dry ice is suitable for use in the cooling bath.(WarningExtremely cold, 78C.78 C. Carbon dioxide (solid) liberates gases that can cause suffocation. Contact with skincauses burns, freezing, or both.)5 The U.S. N
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