ASTM D975-2008a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils.pdf

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1、Designation: D 975 08aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel

3、oilssuitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S15

4、 fuel.21.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500Aspecial-purpose, light middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility thanthat provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000A special-purpose, lightmiddle distillate fuel

5、 for use in diesel engine applicationsrequiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and highervolatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum

6、). It is especially suitable foruse in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitablefor use in applications with c

7、onditions of varying speed andload.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000A general-purpose, middledistillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring afuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditionsof varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend ofdisti

8、llate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speeddiesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-stant speed and load.NOTE 1Amore detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils isgiven in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish gradesby sulfur rather

9、 than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previouslybecause the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptionswere thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 gradescorrespond to the previous “Low Su

10、lfur” grades. S15 grades were not inthe previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-LowSulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes therequired properties of diesel fuels at the time and pla

11、ce ofdelivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the s

12、ubject, see Guide D 4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Produc

13、ts atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of T

14、ransparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0.02 on Diesel Fuel Oils.C

15、urrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 97508.2This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from NewMotor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway DieselFuel Sulfur Co

16、ntrol Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 andLater Calendar Years.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS

17、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 524 Test Method for R

18、amsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in

19、Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Meth

20、od for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD

21、 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuelsD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash P

22、oint by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4

23、306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD 4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels byLow-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cet

24、ane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5771 Test

25、Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D 5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D 5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of

26、 Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Dies

27、elFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D 6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point ofDiesel and Heating FuelsD 6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability ofMiddle Distillate F

28、uelsD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock(B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD 6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume Chambe

29、rD 6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricityby an Injection Pump Rig2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes440 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives4API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out ofStatic, Lightning, and Stray Current

30、s5EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates -Infrared spectroscopy method63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designate

31、d B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XXrepresents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates the

32、maximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g), allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOf the seven diesel fuel grades speci-fied in this standard, six have important distinguishing maxi-mum sulfur regulatory requirements.These are Grades No. 1-DS15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D

33、 S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-DS500 and No. 2-D S5000. The seventh grade, No. 4-D, isdistinguished from these other grades by many major proper-ties in addition to sulfur (unregulated maximum), and therefore4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol St

34、., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl)

35、.D 975 08a2is not included in this designation system.Thus, Grade No. 4-Ddoes not have the designation S20000 as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior tosampling to understand the importance and effects of sampl

36、ingtechnique, proper containers, and special handling required foreach test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining arepresentative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Referto Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommendedprocedures or practices provide techniques

37、useful in the propersampling or handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test MethodD 3

38、828 may be used as an alternate with the same limits. ForGrades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500 , No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-DS15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000, Test Method D56TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Diesel Fuel OilsAPropertyASTMTestMethodBGradeNo. 1-DS15No. 1-DS500CNo. 1-DS5000DNo. 2-DS15ENo. 2-DS

39、500C,ENo. 2-DS5000D,ENo. 4-DDFlash Point, C, min. D93 38 38 38 52E52E52E55Water and Sediment, % vol, max D 2709 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 .D 1796 . . . . . . 0.50Distillation Temperature, C 90 %, % vol recovered D86min . . . 282E282E282E.max 288 288 288 338 338 338 .Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/S at

40、 40C D 445min 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.9E1.9E1.9E5.5max . 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 24.0Ash % mass, max D 482 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10Sulfur, ppm (g/g)Fmax D 5453 15 . . 15 . . .% mass, max D 2622G. 0.05 . . 0.05 . .% mass, max D 129 . . 0.50 . . 0.50 2.00Copper strip corrosion rating, max(3 h at a min

41、imum control temperature of 50C)D 130 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 No. 3 .Cetane number, minHD 613 40I40I40I40I40I40I30IOne of the following properties mustbe met:(1) Cetane index, min. D 97680G40 40 . 40 40 . .(2) Aromaticity, % vol, max D 1319G35 35 . 35 35 . .Operability RequirementsCloud point,

42、 C, maxorD 2500JJJJJ J.LTFT/CFPP, C, max D 4539/D 6371Ramsbottom carbon residue on 10 %distillation residue, % mass, maxD 524 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.35 .Lubricity, HFRR 60C, micron, max D 6079 520 520 520 520 520 520 .Conductivity, pS/m or Conductivity Units (C.U.), min D 2624/D 4308 25K25K25K25

43、K25K25K.ATo meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements may be agreed upon between purchaser, seller, and manufacturer.BThe test methods indicated are the approved referee methods. Other acceptable methods are indicated in 5.1.CUnder United States regulations

44、, if Grades No. 1D S500 or No. 2D S500 are sold for tax exempt purposes then, at or beyond terminal storage tanks, they arerequired by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard SolventRed 26, or

45、 the tax must be collected.DUnder United States regulations, Grades No.1D S5000, No. 2D S5000, and No. 4D are required by 40 CFR Part 80 to contain a sufficient amount of the dye SolventRed 164 so its presence is visually apparent. At or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Par

46、t 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red 164 at aconcentration spectrally equivalent to 3.9 lb per thousand barrels of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 26.EWhen a cloud point less than 12C is specified, as can occur during cold months, it is permitted and normal blending practice to combine Grades No.

47、1 and No. 2to meet the low temperature requirements. In that case, the minimum flash point shall be 38C, the minimum viscosity at 40C shall be 1.7 mm2/s, and the minimum 90 %recovered temperature shall be waived.FOther sulfur limits can apply in selected areas in the United States and in other count

48、ries.GThese test methods are specified in 40 CFR Part 80.HWhere cetane number by Test Method D 613 is not available, Test Method D 4737 can be used as an approximation.ILow ambient temperatures as well as engine operation at high altitudes may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings.JIt

49、is unrealistic to specify low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at all ambient conditions. In general, cloud point (or wax appearance point)Low Temperature Flow Test, and Cold Filter Plugging Point Test may be used as an estimate of operating temperature limits for Grades No. 1D S500; No. 2D S500;and No. 1D S5000 and No. 2D S5000 diesel fuel oils. However, satisfactory operation below the cloud point (or wax appearance point) may be achieved dependingon equipment design, operating conditions, and the use of flo