ASTM D1418-2010a Standard Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices-Nomenclature《橡胶和橡胶胶乳 - 命名的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1418 10aStandard Practice forRubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe system of designating rubbers and rubber latices in this practic

3、e was developed in 1955 toreplace designations GR-A, GR-I, GR-M, GR-S and GR-T (standing for “Government Rubber”:A-acrylontrile, I-isobutylene, S-styrene, M-monochlorobutadiene and T-thiosulfide), used for syn-thetic rubbers made in government owned plants. The system was designed to be a genericcla

4、ssification of the rubber polymers that would accommodate both existing and future rubbers. Thechemical composition of the polymer chain was selected as the best classification proposal to achievethis goal. The rubber polymers were divided into eight classes as described in Section 3 of thispractice

5、. The letter symbol for the class was given last in the designation for the rubber. Preceding theclass symbol were letter symbols to designate either the monomers used to prepare the polymer or thesubstituent groups on the polymer chain. The system has been successful both in accommodating themany n

6、ew polymers developed since 1955 and in conveying to the user certain characteristics of therubber associated with the chemical composition.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a system of general classificationfor the basic rubbers both in dry and latex forms determinedfrom the chemical composition of

7、the polymer chain.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide a standardiza-tion of terms for use in industry, commerce, and governmentand is not intended to conflict with but rather to act as asupplement to existing trade names and trademarks.1.3 In technical papers or presentations the name of

8、thepolymer should be used if possible. The symbols can followthe chemical name for use in later references.NOTE 1For terms related to thermoplastic elastomers, see PracticeD5538.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and Abbreviations3. Rubb

9、ers3.1 Rubbers in both dry and latex form shall be classifiedand coded from the chemical composition of the polymer chainin the following manner:MRubbers having a saturated chain of the polymethylenetype.NRubbers having nitrogen, but not oxygen or phosphorus,in the polymer chain.ORubbers having oxyg

10、en in the polymer chain.RRubbers having an unsaturated carbon chain, for ex-ample, natural rubber and synthetic rubbers derived at leastpartly from diolefins.QRubbers having silicon and oxygen in the polymerchain.TRubbers having sulfur in the polymer chain.URubbers having carbon, oxygen, and nitroge

11、n in thepolymer chain.ZRubbers having phosphorus and nitrogen in the polymerchain.4. Class Designations4.1 The “M” class includes rubbers having a saturated chainof the polymethylene type. The following classification shallbe used:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rub

12、ber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1418 10. DOI:10.1520/D1418-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.

13、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ACMCop

14、olymers of ethyl or other acrylate and a smallamount of monomer which facilitates vulcanization.AEMCopolymers of ethyl or other acrylates and ethylene.ANMCopolymers of ethyl or other acrylate and acryloni-trile.BIMSMBrominated polymers derived from a copolymerof isobutylene and p-methylstyrene.CMChl

15、oro-polyethylene.CFMPolychloro-trifluoro-ethylene.CSMChloro-sulfonyl-polyethylene.EOMCopolymers of ethylene and an octene.EPDMTerpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a dienewith the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in the sidechain.EPMCopolymers of ethylene and propylene.EVMCopolymers of eth

16、ylene and vinyl acetate.FEPMA fluoro rubber of the polymethylene type onlycontaining one or more of the monomeric alkyl, perfluoroalkyl,and/or perfluoroalkoxy groups, with or without a cure sitemonomer (having a reactive pendant group).FFKMPerfluorinated rubbers of the polymethylene typehaving all f

17、luoro, perfluoroalkyl, or perfluoroalkoxy substituentgroups on the polymer chain; a small fraction of these groupsmay contain functionality to facilitate vulcanization.FKMFluoro rubber of the polymethylene type that utilizesvinylidene fluoride as a comonomer and has substituent fluoro,alkyl, perfluo

18、roalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy groups on the polymerchain, with or without a cure site monomer (having a reactivependant group).Type 1Dipolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidenefluoride.Type 2Terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluo-ride, and hexafluoropropylene.Type 3Terpolymer of tetrafl

19、uoroethylene, a fluorinatedvinyl ether, and vinylidene fluoride.Type 4Terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, propylene andvinylidene fluoride.Type 5Pentapolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoro-propylene, vinylidene fluoride, ethylene, and a fluorinatedvinyl ether.IMPolyisobutylene (not curable).4.2 T

20、he “O” class includes rubbers having oxygen in thepolymer chain. The following classification shall be used:COPolychloromethyl oxirane (epichlorohydrin polymer).ECOEthylene oxide (oxirane) and chloromethyl oxirane(epichlorohydrin copolymer).GECOEpichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allylglycidyletherterpol

21、ymer.GPOPolypropylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether.4.3 The “R” class shall be defined by inserting the name ofthe monomer or monomers before the word “rubber” fromwhich it was prepared (except for natural rubber). The letterimmediately preceding the letter R shall signify the diolefinfrom which th

22、e rubber was prepared (except for naturalrubber). Any letter or letters preceding this diolefin lettersignifies the comonomer or comonomers. A parenthetical letter(S), for solution, or (E), for emulsion, is used to indicatewhether the rubber or latex was prepared by solution oremulsion polymerizatio

23、n. The following classification shall beused for rubbers of the “R” class:ABRAcrylate-butadiene.BIIRBromo-isobutene-isoprene.BRButadiene.CIIRChloro-isobutene-isoprene.CRChloroprene.ENREpoxidized natural rubber.ENR-GEpoxidized guayule natural rubber.HNBRHydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene.IIRIsobute

24、ne-isoprene.IRIsoprene, synthetic.NBRAcrylonitrile-butadiene.NIRAcrylonitrile-isoprene.NRNatural rubber.NR-GGuayule natural rubber.PBRVinylpyridine-butadiene.PSBRVinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene.SBRStyrene-butadiene.SIRStyrene-isoprene rubbers.4.3.1 Rubbers of the “R” class having substitute carboxyl

25、icacid (COOH) groups on the polymer chain shall be identifiedby the prefix “X”:XBRCarboxylic-butadiene rubber.XSBRCarboxylic-styrene-butadiene.XNBRCarboxylic-acrylonitrile-butadiene.NOTE 2When designating latex or latices the terminology shall be, forexample, “SBR latex” or “SBR latices.”4.4 The “Q”

26、 class shall be defined by inserting the name ofthe substituent group on the polymer chain prior to the siliconedesignation. The following classification shall be used formembers of the “Q” class.(The M preceding the Q indicates that methyl is one of thesubstituent groups on the polymer chain.)FMQSi

27、licone rubber having both methyl and fluorinesubstituent groups on the polymer chain.FVMQSilicone rubber having fluorine, vinyl, and methylsubstitute groups on the polymer chain.PMQSilicone rubbers having both methyl and phenylsubstituent groups on the polymer chain.PVMQSilicone rubbers having methy

28、l, phenyl, and vinylsubstituent groups on the polymer chain.MQSilicone rubbers having only methyl substituentgroups on the polymer chain, such as dimethyl polysiloxane.VMQSilicone rubber having both methyl and vinyl sub-stituent groups on the polymer chain.4.5 The “U” class includes rubbers having c

29、arbon, oxygen,and nitrogen in the polymer chain. The following classificationshall be used:AFMUTerpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroni-trosomethane, and nitrosoperfluorobutyric acid.AUPolyester urethane.EUPolyether urethane.4.6 The “T” class includes rubbers having carbon, oxygen,and sulfur i

30、n the polymer chain. The following classificationshall be used for members of the “T” class:D1418 10a2OTA rubber having either a -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-CH2group or occasionally an -R-group, where R is an aliphatichydrocarbon between the polysulfide linkages in the polymerchain.EOTA rubber having a -CH

31、2-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-CH2group and R groups that are usually -CH2-CH2but occasion-ally other aliphatic groups between the polysulfide linkages inthe polymer chain.4.7 The “Z” class includes rubbers having phosphorus andnitrogen in the polymer chain. The following classificationshall be used:FZA rubber h

32、aving a -P|CxN- chain and having fluoro-alkoxy groups attached to the phosphorus atoms in the chain.PZA rubber having a -P|CxN- chain and having aryloxy(phenoxy and substituted phenoxy) groups attached to thephosphorus atoms in the chain.4.8 Mixtures of rubbers are identified by using the classdesig

33、nations for the types of rubbers in the mixture. If thecomposition is known, the major component shall be listedfirst, for example, a blend of NR/BR in a 60:40 ratio shall bedesignated as NR/BR (60:40) or NR/BR (1.5:1) with theratio being expressed parenthetically following the designa-tion.4.8.1 If

34、 the components are present in equal amounts theyshall be designated in alphabetical order; for example, BR/NRis used for the 1:1 ratio and expressed as BR/NR (1:1).4.8.2 If the proportions of the components are unknown,they shall be designated in alphabetical order and expressedusing hyphenation, f

35、or example, as BR-NR.5. Keywords5.1 acronyms for latices; acronyms for rubber;nomenclatureAPPENDIXX1. HISTORICAL NOMENCLATUREX1.1 The following terms have been removed from themain body of this standard because they are obsolete and nolonger commercially available. This appendix will serve as ahisto

36、rical reference.NCRAcrylonitrile-chloropreneSCRStyrene-chloropreneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any s

37、uch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invi

38、ted either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received

39、a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of thi

40、s standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1418 10a3