ASTM D1079-2013 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing.pdf

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1、Designation:D107910D107913 Standard Terminology Relating to Roong and Waterproong 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D1079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Referenced Documents 1.1 ASTM Standards: 2 C33Specication for Concrete Aggregates C591Specication for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Therm

3、al Insulation C1289Specication for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board D312Specication for Asphalt Used in Roong D450Specication for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roong, Dampproong, and Waterproong D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard

4、Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft 3 (600 kN-m/m 3 ) D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modied Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft 3 (2,700 kN-m/m 3 ) D2822Specication for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Containing D4022Specication for Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos Containing D4586S

5、pecication for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free D6136Test Method for Kerosine Number of Unsaturated (Dry) Felt by Vacuum Method 2. Terminology 2.1 Denitions: accelerated weathering, vthe exposure of a specimen to a specied test environment for a specied time with the intent of producing, in a shor

6、ter time period, effects similar to actual weathering. aggregate(1) crushed stone, crushed slag, or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up roof; ( (2) any granular mineral material. alligatoringthecrackingofthesurfacingbitumenonabuilt-uproof,producingapatternofcrackssimilartoanalligatorshid

7、e; the cracks may not extend through the surfacing bitumen. anionic emulsionan emulsion in which the emulsifying system establishes a predominance of negative charges on the discontinuous phase. application ratethe quantity (mass, volume or thickness) of material applied per unit area. articial weat

8、hering, vexposure to conditions, which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humidity, radiant energy, and/or any other conditions or pollutants found in the atmosphere in various geographical areas, which may accelerate changes in properties of materials over those of natural weather condi

9、tions. asbestosa group of natural brous impure silicate materials. asphalta dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. asphalt, air blownan asphalt produced by blowing air through molten

10、 asphalt at an elevated temperature to raise its softening point and modify other properties. 1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roong and Waterproong and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.01 on Nomenclature, Denitions and Editorial. Current edition

11、approved Sept. 1, 2010March 1, 2013. Published September 2010March 2013. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as D107909.D107910. DOI: 10.1520/D1079-10.10.1520/D1079-13. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatser

12、viceastm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. B

13、ecause it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. Copyright ASTM International,

14、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1asphaltenea high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphtha solvent at a specied temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio. DISCUSSION The asphaltene fraction sho

15、uld be identied by the temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio used. asphalt feltan asphalt-saturated felt. asphalt, steam blownan asphalt produced by blowing steam through molten asphalt to modify its properties. asphaltitea natural asphalt found below ground level. asphalt mastica mixture of asphalt

16、ic material and graded mineral aggregate that can be poured when heated, but requires mechanical manipulation to apply. asphaltrock(rockasphalt)anaturallyoccurringrockformation,usuallylimestoneorsandstone,containingthroughoutitsmass a minor amount of asphalt. asphalt roof cement, na trowelable mixtu

17、re of asphalt, solvents, mineral stabilizers, llers or bers, or both. See Specications D2822 and D4586. asphalt roof cement, nsee ashing cement. asphalt, steam blownan asphalt produced by blowing steam through molten asphalt to modify its properties. backnailingthe practice of blind-nailing roong fe

18、lts to a substrate in addition to hot-mopping to prevent slippage. bald roofSee smooth-surfaced roof. base plythe bottom or rst ply in a built-up roong membrane when additional plies are to be subsequently installed. base sheeta product intended to be used as a base ply in a built-up roong system. b

19、itumen(1) a class of amorphous, black or dark-colored, (solid, semi-solid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, soluble in carbon disulde, and found in asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites; ( (2) a generic term

20、used to denote any material composed principally of bitumen. bitumen trapSee pitch pocket. bituminized, adjimpregnated with bitumen. Example: bituminized ber pipe. bituminous, adjcontaining or treated with bitumen. Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminous felts and fabrics, bituminous pavement. bit

21、uminous emulsion(1) a suspension of minute globules of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution; ( (2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material (invert emulsion). bituminous grouta mixture of bituminous material and ne sand that

22、 will ow into place without mechanical manipulation when heated. blast-furnace slagthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. blind nailingthe use

23、of nails that are not exposed to the weather in the nished roong. blister(1) a raised portion of a roong membrane resulting from local internal pressure; ( (2) the similarly formed protuberances in coated prepared roong. blocking(1)woodbuiltintoaroongsystemabovethedeckandbelowthemembraneandashingto(

24、a)stiffenthedeckaround an opening, (b) act as a stop for insulation, (c) serve as a nailer for attachment of the membrane or ashing. (2) wood cross-members installed between rafters or joists to provide support at cross-joints between deck panels. (3) cohesion or adhesion between similar or dissimil

25、ar materials in roll or sheet form that may interfere with the satisfactory and efficient use of the material. blueberrySee strawberry. bondthe adhesive and cohesive forces holding two roong components in intimate contact. broomingembedding a ply by using a broom to smooth it out and ensure contact

26、with the adhesive under the ply. D107913 2built-up roonga continuous, semiexible membrane consisting of plies of saturated felts, coated felts, fabrics or mats assembled in place with alternate layers of bitumen, and surfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials, or a granule surfaced sheet

27、(abbreviation, BUR). cant stripa beveled strip used under ashings to modify the angle at the point where the roong or waterproong membrane meets any vertical element. cap ashingSee ashing. cap sheeta granule-surfaced coated felt used as the top ply of a built-up roong membrane. cationic emulsionan e

28、mulsion in which the emulsifying system establishes a predominance of positive charges on the discontinuous phase. caulkinga composition of vehicle and pigment, used at ambient temperatures for lling joints, that remains plastic for an extended time after application. channel moppingSee mopping, (3)

29、 strip. coal tara dark brown to black cementitious material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. coal tar roof cement, na trowelable mixture of processed coal tar base, solvents, mineral llers or bers, or both. See Specication D4022. coal-tar felta felt that has been saturated with rene

30、d coal tar. coal-tar pitcha dark brown to black, solid cementitious material obtained as residue in the partial evaporation or distillation of coal tar. coated sheet (or felt)(1) an asphalt felt that has been coated on both sides with harder, more viscous asphalt; ( (2) a glass ber felt that has bee

31、n simultaneously impregnated and coated with asphalt on both sides. coke-oven tarSee coal tar. cold-process roonga continuous, semiexible membrane consisting of plies of felts, mats, or fabrics laminated on a roof with alternate layers of roof cement and surfaced with a cold-applied coating. conceal

32、edmembranewaterproong, nalsoreferredtoasstructuralslabwaterproong; (1)forbelowgrade:referstoaform of waterproong where the membrane is applied to the mud mat and later covered with a topping, usually concrete, to act as awearinglayerorcourse,and(2)forelevatedstructuralconcretedeck:appliedoverthestru

33、cturalsurfaceandcovered/concealed by other components such as a topping slab, pavers, ballast, pavement, and plantings. condensationthe conversion of water vapor or other gas to liquid as the temperature drops or atmospheric pressures rises. (See also dew point). conditioning, vthe storage of a spec

34、imen under specied temperature, humidity, etc., for a specied time prior to testing. conductance, thermalthe thermal transmission in unit time through unit area of a particular body or assembly having dened surfaces, when unit average temperature difference is established between the surfaces. C=W/m

35、 2 K (C=Btu/hft 2 F). conductivity, thermalthe thermal transmission, by conduction only, in unit time through unit area between two isothermal surfaces of an innite slab of a homogeneous material of unit thickness, in a direction perpendicular to the surface, when unit temperature difference is esta

36、blished between the surfaces. k=W/mK (k=Btuin./hft 2 F). cone penetrationSee penetration. copinga covering on top of a wall exposed to the weather, usually sloped to carry off water. counterashingformed metal or elastomeric sheeting secured on or into a wall, curb, pipe, roof-top unit, or other surf

37、ace, to cover and protect the upper edge of a base ashing and its associated fasteners. coveragethe surface area to be continuously covered by a specic quantity of a particular material. creepthe time-dependent part of a strain resulting from stress. cricket, na construction to divert water around o

38、r away from a chimney, curb, wall, expansion joint, or other penetration. (See saddle). crushed stonethe product resulting from the articial crushing of rocks, boulders, or large cobblestones, substantially all faces of which have resulted from the crushing operation. cutbacksolvent-thinned bitumen

39、used in cold-process roong adhesives, ashing cements, and roof coatings. D107913 3cutoffa detail designed to prevent lateral water movement into the insulation where the membrane terminates at the end of a days work, or used to isolate sections of the roong system. It is usually removed before the c

40、ontinuation of the work. dampproongtreatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in the absence of hydrostatic pressure. dead levelabsolutely horizontal, or zero slope (see also slope). dead level asphalta roong asphalt conforming to the requirements of Specication D312, Type I.

41、 dead level roonga roong system applied on a surface with a 0 to 2% incline. deckthe structural surface to which the roong or waterproong system (including insulation) is applied. directionchangeachangeintheorientationoftheprincipaldimensionorofthesupportofadjoiningunitsoftheroongsystem. double pour

42、to apply two layers of aggregate and bitumen to a built-up roof. dry felt(1) see felt; ( (2) a felt which has not been saturated with bitumen. edge strippingapplication of felt strips cut to narrower widths than the normal felt-roll width to cover a joint between ashing and built-up roong. edge vent

43、ingthe practice of providing regularly spaced protected openings at a roof perimeter to relieve water vapor pressure in the insulation. elastomera macromolecular material that returns rapidly to its approximate initial dimensions and shape after substantial deformation by a weak stress and subsequen

44、t release of that stress. embedment(1) the process of pressing a felt, aggregate, fabric, mat, or panel uniformly and completely into hot bitumen or adhesive to ensure intimate contact at all points; ( (2) the process of pressing granules into coating in the manufacture of factory-prepared roong, su

45、ch as shingles. emulsionanintimatemixtureofbitumenandwater,withuniformdispersionofthebitumenorwaterglobules,usuallystabilized by an emulsifying agent or system. envelopea continuous membrane edge seal formed at the perimeter and at penetrations by folding the base sheet or ply over the pliesaboveand

46、securingittothetopofthemembrane.Theenvelopepreventsbitumenseepagefromtheedgeofthemembrane. equilibrium moisture content(1) the moisture content of a material stabilized at a given temperature and relative humidity, expressed as percent moisture by weight; ( (2) the typical moisture content of a mate

47、rial in any given geographical area. equiviscous temperature (EVT), nthe temperature at which a bitumen attains the proper viscosity for built-up membrane application.EVTmayormaynotbeapplicabletopolymermodiedbituminoussheetmaterials.(SeeEVTforasphaltandEVT for coal tar). DISCUSSION In England, EVT i

48、s the temperature corresponding to a standard efflux time from a road tar viscometer. equiviscous temperature for asphalt, nthe equiviscous temperature (EVT) for roong asphalt (Specication D312, Type I, II, III,orIV)isasfollows:(1)mopapplicationthetemperatureatwhichtheasphaltsapparentviscosityis125c

49、P.(2)mechanical spreader applicationthe temperature at which the asphalts apparent viscosity is 75 cP. See equiviscous temperature and EVT application range. equiviscoustemperatureforcoaltartheequiviscoustemperature(EVT)forroongcoaltar(SpecicationD450,TypeIorIII) isthetemperatureatwhichthecoaltarsapparentviscosityis25cP.SeeequiviscoustemperatureandEVTapplicationrange. EVT application range, n