ASTM C67-2016 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile《砖和结构粘土瓦的取样和试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C67 16 American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C67; the number immediately following the designation indicat

2、es the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.

3、S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the samplingand testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although notnecessarily applicable to all types of units, tests includemodulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-tion coefficient, effect of fre

4、ezing and thawing, efflorescence,initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods oftest pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included inSpecification C126.)1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich

5、 provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should beevaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound uni

6、ts are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 These test methods include the following sections:Section Heading SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Sampl

7、ing 4Specimen Preparation 5Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test) 6Compressive Strength 7Absorption 8Freezing and Thawing 9Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (LaboratoryTest)10Efflorescence 11Weight Per Unit Area 12Measurement of Size 13Measurement of Warpage 14Section Heading SectionMeasurement of Len

8、gth Change 15Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test) 16Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units 17Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units 18Measurement of Out of Square 19Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness 20Breaking Load 21Precision and Bias 22Keywords 231.5 This standard does n

9、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar

10、ds:2C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Fac-ing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Term

11、inology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to sampling andtesting brick

12、, refer to Terminology E6 and Terminology C1232.4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test SpecimensFor thepurpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonry1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibil

13、ity of Subcommittee C15.02 onBrick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C67 14. DOI:10.1520/C0067-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac

14、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con

15、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade O

16、rganization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1units shall be selected by the purchaser or by the purchasersauthorized representative. Specimens shall be representative ofthe lot of units from which they are selected and shall includespecimens representative of the complete range of colors

17、,textures, and sizes. Specimens shall be free of or brushed toremove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassoci-ated with the manufacturing process. Brushes used to removeforeign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) orhorsehair. Wire brushes shall not be used for preparing s

18、peci-mens for testing. Specimens exhibiting foreign material that isnot removed by brushing shall be discarded to ensure thatdamaged or contaminated specimens are not tested.4.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressivestrength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determ

19、inations, atleast ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additionalspecimens shall be selected from each additional 500 000 brickor fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.4.2.2 Structura

20、l Clay TileFor the weight determinationand for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least fivetile shall be selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) orfraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shallbe tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. Inno case

21、 shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimensare taken at the discretion of the purchaser.4.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that itis identifiable at any time. Markings shall cover not more than5 % of the superficial area of the specimen.5. Specimen Preparation5.1 Drying

22、 and Cooling:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated oven at230 to 239F (110 to 115C) for not less than 24 h and untiltwo successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an incrementof loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously determinedweight of the specimen.5.1.2 CoolingAfter dry

23、ing, cool the specimens in a dryingroom maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C),with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the unitsfree from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for aperiod of at least 4 h and until the surface temperature is within5F (2.8C) of the drying

24、room temperature. Do not usespecimens noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiringdry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying roomwith the required temperature and humidity maintained untiltested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of cooling the specimens toapproximate room temperature

25、is permitted as follows: Storeunits, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated roommaintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), with arelative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of 4 h anduntil the surface temperature is within 5F (2.8C) of theventilated room temperature, with

26、 a current of air from anelectric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 hours.The specimens shall be stored in the ventilated room with therequired temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.2 Weight Determination:5.2.1 Weigh five full size specimens that have been driedand cooled

27、 (see 5.1). The scale or balance used shall have acapacity of not less than 3000 g and shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.5.2.2 Report results separately for each specimen to thenearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to thenearest 0.1 g.5.3 Removal of Silicone Coatings from Brick UnitsThes

28、ilicone coatings intended to be removed by this process areany of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds usedfor water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 9506 50F (510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a periodof not less than 3 hours. The rate of heating and cooling

29、shallnot exceed 300F (149C) per hour.NOTE 2Additional specimen preparation requirements for specifictests are indicated in the individual test methods.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist ofwhole full-size units that have been dried and cooled (see 5

30、.1).Five such specimens shall be tested.6.2 Procedure:6.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified andreported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) lessthan the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. Speci

31、menshaving recesses (panels or depressions) shall be placed so thatsuch recesses are on the compression side. Apply the load tothe upper surface of the specimen through a steel bearing plate14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 112 in. (38.10 mm) in widthand of a length at least equal to the width of th

32、e specimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are freeto rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force inthese directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe rate of loading shall not exceed2000 lbf (8896 N)/min. This

33、requirement is considered asbeing met when the speed of the moving head of the testingmachine immediately prior to application of the load is notmore than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:6.3.1 Calculate and report the modulus of rupture of eachspecimen to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MP

34、a) as follows:S 5 3Wl/2 2 x!/bd2(1)where:S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane offailure, lb/in.2(Pa),W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf(N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (face to face minus voids), of the specimenat the plane of failure,

35、 in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen atthe plane of failure, in. (mm), andC67162x = average distance from the midspan of the specimen tothe plane of failure measured in the direction of thespan along the centerline of the bed surface subjected totension, in. (mm).6.3.2

36、Calculate and report the average of the modulus ofrupture determinations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of half brickunits that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1), the full heightand width of the unit, with a le

37、ngth equal to one half the fulllength of the unit 61 in. (25.4 mm), except as described below.When the test specimen, described above, exceeds the testingmachine capacity, the test specimens shall consist of dry piecesof brick, the full height and width of the unit, with a length notless than one qu

38、arter of the full length of the unit, and with agross cross-sectional area perpendicular to bearing not lessthan 14 in.2(90.3 cm2). Test specimens shall be obtained byany method that will produce, without shattering or cracking, aspecimen with approximately plane and parallel ends. Fivespecimens sha

39、ll be tested.7.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five tile specimens thathave been dried and cooled (see 5.1) in a bearing bed lengthequal to the width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or test full-size units.7.2 Capping Test Specimens:7.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within themeaning of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 befor

40、e any portion of the cappingprocedure is carried out.7.2.2 Fill recessed or paneled surfaces that will becomebearing surfaces during the compression test with a mortarcomposed of 1 part by weight of quick-hardening cementconforming to the requirements for Type III cement of Speci-fication C150, and

41、2 parts by weight of sand. Age thespecimens at least 48 h before capping them. Where the recessexceeds12 in. (12.7 mm), use a brick or tile slab section ormetal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimens using one ofthe two procedures described in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum CappingCoat the two o

42、pposite bearingsurfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to drythoroughly. Bed one of the dry shellacked surfaces of thespecimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum(plaster of paris) that has been spread on an oiled nonabsorbentplate, such as glass or machined metal. The casting s

43、urfaceplate shall be plane within 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) in 16 in.(406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it willnot be measurably deflected during the capping operation.Lightly coat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat thisprocedure with the other shellacked surface. Take c

44、are that theopposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximatelyparallel and perpendicular to the vertical axis of the specimenand the thickness of the caps will be approximately the sameand not exceeding18 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 hbefore testing the specimens.NOTE 3A rapid-sett

45、ing industrial type gypsum is frequently used forcapping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture containing 40to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay orother suitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sievewith or without plasticizer. The casting surface plate require-men

46、ts shall be as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm)square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangularmold approximately12 in. (12.7 mm) greater in either insidedimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in athermostatically controlled heating pot to a temperature suffi-

47、cient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time aftercontact with the surface being capped. Take care to preventoverheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fillthe mold to a depth of14 in. (6.35 mm) with molten sulfurmaterial. Place the surface of the unit to be capped qu

48、ickly inthe liquid, and hold the specimen so that its vertical axis is atright angles to the capping surface. The thickness of the capsshall be approximately the same. Allow the unit to remainundisturbed until solidification is complete. Allow the caps tocool for a minimum of 2 h before testing the

49、specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Test brick specimens flatwise (that is, the load shall beapplied perpendicular to the bed surface of the brick with thebrick in the stretcher position). Test structural clay tile speci-mens in a position such that the load is applied in the samedirection as in service. Center the specimens under the spheri-cal upper bearing within116 in. (1.59 mm).7.3.2 The testing machine shall conform to the requirementsof Practices E4.7.3.3 The upper bearing shall be a spherically seated,hardened metal block firmly attached at