[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷178及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 178及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The precious manuscripts were hopelessly _ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar. （ A） ruined （ B） damaged （ C） destroyed （ D） harmed 2 The board of the company has decided to _ its operation to include all aspects of the Clothing business. （ A） e

2、xtend （ B） enlarge （ C） expand （ D） amplify 3 That sound doesnt _ in his language, so its difficult for him to pronounce it. （ A） happen （ B） occur （ C） have （ D） take place 4 The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very _. （ A） high （ B） costly （ C） dear （ D） overpaid 5 My boss insists on see

3、ing everything in _ before he makes a decision. （ A） black and blue （ B） red and blue （ C） black and white （ D） green and yellow 6 The work is not very profitable _ cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it. （ A） in the light of （ B） according to （ C） on the basis of （ D） in terms of 7 At t

4、he meeting, Smith argued _ in favor of the proposal. （ A） severely （ B） warmly （ C） forcefully （ D） heavily 8 His attention often _ at lectures. No wonder he failed the exam. （ A） branched （ B） wondered （ C） wandered （ D） went out 9 Its often a mistake to _ appearance; that poor-looking individual i

5、s anything but poor. In fact, he is a millionaire. （ A） go over （ B） go by （ C） go against （ D） go for 10 He doesnt seem to be able to _ any interest in his studies. （ A） make up （ B） work up （ C） turn up （ D） use up 11 In no country _ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in th

6、e course of a single day. （ A） other than （ B） more than （ C） better than （ D） rather than 12 A lorry _ Janes cat and sped away. （ A） ran over （ B） ran into （ C） ran through （ D） ran down 13 Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _. （ A） appreciated （ B） approved （ C） appealed （

7、 D） applied 14 In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to 30 million. （ A） face （ B） time （ C） event （ D） course 15 The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. （ A） within （ B） to （ C） by （ D） at 16 He is _ abou

8、t his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. （ A） optimistic （ B） optional （ C） outstanding （ D） obvious 17 The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work. （ A） at （ B） in （ C） of （ D） with 18 In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach. （ A） attac

9、k （ B） burst （ C） split （ D） blast 19 In Britain people _ four million tons of potatoes every year. （ A） swallow （ B） dispose （ C） consume （ D） exhaust 20 Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. （ A

10、） take into account （ B） account for （ C） make up for （ D） make out 二、 Cloze 20 In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be【 21】 for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to【 22】 or refuse these permits, and there

11、is little that can be【 23】 about it, it would be extremely unwise【 24】 a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is【 25】 to immediate deportation. There are some【 26】 to this rule, most notably people from the Common Market countries, who are【 27】 to work without permits and

12、who are often given【 28】 residence permits of up to five years. Some【 29】 people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without【 30】 The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are【 31】 but【 32】 it is administered, and the people who administer it. An imm

13、igration official has the power to stop a visitor【 33】 these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the【 34】 to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal.【 35】 the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time. （ A） appli

14、ed （ B） made （ C） asked （ D） wait （ A） allow （ B） admit （ C） present （ D） grant （ A） made （ B） done （ C） explained （ D） talked （ A） for （ B） to （ C） as （ D） in （ A） apt （ B） likely （ C） liable （ D） inclined （ A） exemptions （ B） exceptions （ C） extractions （ D） expositions （ A） prescribed （ B） qualif

15、ied （ C） entitled （ D） certified （ A） temporary （ B） immediately （ C） eternal （ D） next （ A） more （ B） fewer （ C） others （ D） other （ A） permits （ B） ask （ C） accepts （ D） done （ A） unfair （ B） fair （ C） just （ D） justify （ A） the way （ B） that （ C） the time （ D） what （ A） out of （ B） to （ C） from （

16、 D） off （ A） honor （ B） force （ C） right （ D） authority （ A） While （ B） But （ C） Although （ D） And 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are

17、equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such thi

18、ngs as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务 ), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉 ) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commi

19、tment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose

20、 the word fun to describe raising children, But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates

21、 time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money; buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are alwa

22、ys having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 36 According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _. （ A） he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities （ B） he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single （ C） he finds more fun in dating than in ma

23、rriage （ D） he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement 37 Raising children, in the authors opinion, is_. （ A） a moral duty （ B） a thankless job （ C） a rewarding task （ D） a source of inevitable pain 38 From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _. （ A）

24、hatred （ B） misunderstanding （ C） prejudice （ D） ignorance 39 To understand what true happiness is, one must_. （ A） have as much run as possible during ones lifetime （ B） make every effort to liberate oneself from pain （ C） put up with pain .under all circumstances （ D） be able to distinguish happin

25、ess from fun 40 What is the author trying to tell us? （ A） Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain. （ B） One must know how to attain happiness. （ C） It is important to make commitments. （ D） It is pain that leads to happiness. 40 Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化

26、 ) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的 ) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete

27、 in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate A

28、merica understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers th

29、ey will need. Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才 )“ (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little coll

30、ege in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all

31、of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media- not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses. 41 The word “imperative“ ( Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something _. （ A） superficial （ B） r

32、emarkable （ C） debatable （ D） essential 42 Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity? （ A） Minorities. （ B） Politicians. （ C） Professors. （ D） Managers. 43 High-ranking corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to _. （ A） lower the rate

33、 of unemployment （ B） win equal political rights for minorities （ C） be competitive in the world market （ D） satisfy the demands of a growing population 44 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） meritocracy can never be realized without diversity. （ B） American political circles will not a

34、ccept diversity （ C） it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media （ D） minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity 45 According to the passage, diversity can be achieved in American society by _. （ A） expanding the pool of potential employees （ B） pro

35、moting policies that provide skills to employees （ C） training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managers （ D） providing education for all regardless of race or sex 45 Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out Whethe

36、r, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.“ Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺 ) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象 ) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recogn

37、ized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one.

38、Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁 ), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to rea

39、d a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble sep

40、arating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex,“ sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.“ He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could

41、 fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.“ 46 The purpose of George Spilichs experiment is _. （ A） to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers （ B） to show how smoking damages peoples mental capaci

42、ty （ C） to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance （ D） to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory 47 George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _. （ A） compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details （ B） put the subjects throug

43、h increasingly complex tests （ C） check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers （ D） register the prompt responses of the subjects 48 The word “bested, (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _. （ A） beat （ B） envied （ C） caught up with （ D） made the best of 49 Which of the following statements is tr

44、ue? （ A） Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers. （ B） Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects. （ C） Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks. （ D） Deprived smokers gage the slowest responses to the various tasks. 50 We

45、 can infer from the last paragraph that _. （ A） smokers should not expect to become airline pilots （ B） smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness （ C） no airline pilots smoke during flights （ D） smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases 50 There is no denying that students should

46、learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine (内燃机 ) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞 ) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what the

47、y do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力 ); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a compu

48、ter and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen p

49、rogramming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a compe