[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷281及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 281及答案与解析 Section C 0 Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, “Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in

2、last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?“ Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesnt include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is the restaurant equivalent

3、 of the Internet. The Nets ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you some of which you may not want them to have. Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a “cookie“? Unfortunately, it

4、s not the Mrs. Fields type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you st

5、ay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies arent ev

6、en the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexanamed for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you

7、 stay there, whether you click on ads, etc. All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably dont even know that you are giving it. 1 In the restaurant story, the author may most pro

8、bably think the waiter or waitress was _. （ A） considerate （ B） polite （ C） irritating （ D） unsmart 2 The author makes up the restaurant story in order to_. （ A） show the good service offered in some Web restaurants （ B） criticize some restaurants for too considerate service （ C） show the Internets

9、ability to collect data on you （ D） prove the incredible power of the Internet 3 What can be learned about “cookie“ from the second paragraph? （ A） It was first created by Mrs. Field. （ B） It collects information on you without your knowing it （ C） Its some information sent to your computer about yo

10、urself. （ D） Its the latest in technology. 4 What can be learned about “Alexa“ from the second paragraph? （ A） Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt. （ B） Alexa is installed in libraries. （ C） Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you. （ D） Alexa can provide more data for marketers tha

11、n a cookie. 5 Which of the following words can best reflect the authors attitude to cookies and Alexa? （ A） Critical. （ B） Suspicious. （ C） Objective. （ D） Optimistic. 5 A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Foods can go bad if they get too warm. But for many of the

12、worlds poor, finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult. Refrigerators are costly and they need electricity. Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly. But in 1995 a teacher i

13、n northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.“ It uses 2 round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the 2 pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit,

14、vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system. Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation process. Water in the sand between the 2 pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving. The evaporation proc

15、ess creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks. People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries.

16、Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first 5,000 pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby. In 2000, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human k

17、nowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects. The award is given every 2 years. The most recent one was give

18、n last year. 6 According to the first paragraph, without a refrigerator, the poor people have to suffer in their_. （ A） health conditions （ B） economic development （ C） industrial technology （ D） social status 7 The Cooling System invented by Mohammed Bah Abba is different from a refrigerator in tha

19、t it is more _. （ A） economical （ B） health-conscious （ C） convenient （ D） environment-friendly 8 In Mohammed Bah Abbas cooling system, the evaporation process is used to_. （ A） prevent the loss of water （ B） cause dry and wet air to exchange （ C） keep the stored food dry （ D） take heat away from th

20、e inner pot 9 Why did Mohammed Bah Abba get the Rolex Award for Enterprise? （ A） Because he was very creative. （ B） Because he had a warm heart. （ C） Because his invention was beneficial for the poor. （ D） Because his invention was simple but scientific. 10 What will Mohammed Bah Abba most probably

21、be able to do after receiving the Rolex Award for Enterprise? （ A） Live a much better life in his hometown. （ B） Advocate a wider use of his invention. （ C） Finance refrigerators for his community. （ D） Raise peoples awareness of science. 10 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all s

22、ciences to the study of the sea“. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and

23、 with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?“ had to be answered with a

24、ny commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状 ) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company tur

25、ned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探 ) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physica

26、l Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there wa

27、s no life in the deeper parts of the sea Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察 ), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-

28、volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 11 The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on_. （ A） an academic aspect （ B） a military aspect （ C） a business aspect （ D） an international aspect 12 It was _that asked Maury for help in ocea

29、nographic studies. （ A） the American Navy （ B） some early intercontinental travelers （ C） those who earned a living from the sea （ D） the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 13 The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was _. （ A） to make some sounding experiments in t

30、he oceans （ B） to collect sample of sea plants and animals （ C） to estimate the length of cable that was needed （ D） to measure the depths of the two oceans 14 “Defied“ in the 5th paragraph probably means “_“. （ A） doubted （ B） gave proof to （ C） challenged （ D） agreed to 15 This passage is mainly a

31、bout_. （ A） the beginnings of oceanography （ B） the laying of the first undersea cable （ C） the investigation of ocean depths （ D） the early intercontinental communications 15 The earliest process of making paper was done almost 5,000 years ago in Egypt and the Nile Valley. In those days, paper was

32、made from strips of the papyrus plant. Modern paper-making began in China about 2,000 years ago. This process produced paper from cloth, straw, wood or the bark of trees. The raw materials are struck over and over until they become loose. Then they are mixed with water. After the water has been remo

33、ved, the flat, thin form remaining is permitted to dry. This becomes a sheet of paper. Large machines started to be used for making paper near the end of the 16th century. Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big

34、 machines. You should choose paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about 5 centimeters by 5 centimeters. Everythi

35、ng is placed in a container, covered with water, and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about 2 hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp, can be stored until you are ready to make paper. When you are

36、ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a special box or mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares. After several more drying steps

37、, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes. 16 What is mentioned about the earliest process of making paper? （ A） Its procedures. （ B）

38、 Its influences. （ C） Its purposes. （ D） Its materials. 17 It is suggested that we “should choose paper with small amounts of printing“ to _. （ A） make paper by ourselves （ B） renew the old envelopes （ C） make various colored paper （ D） create our own newspaper 18 Whether the paper is strong enough

39、to be touched is determined by_. （ A） how long the pulp is stored （ B） how thick the paper is （ C） how much water remains （ D） what type of chemicals are used 19 When the paper is lifted from the mold, it is time to _. （ A） make it smooth （ B） make it strong （ C） decorate it （ D） iron it 20 The pass

40、age is most probably intended to _. （ A） introduce the history of paper-making （ B） describe the process of paper-making （ C） compare the ancient and the modern paper-making （ D） argue the possibility of paper-making by hand 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 281答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。第

41、 1段中，乔另约了一名新女友去餐馆，餐馆服务员却招呼他坐在上次约会的女友身边，并且为他准备了与上次同样的食品，包括他节食忌用的汉堡，这样的服务肯定会使乔做出负面的评价，因此 选项 A和选项 B都不对。此外，这个故事是为了指出滥用别人的个人资料会惹人讨厌，因此可推断乔对餐厅服务员的做法会感到生气。选项 D虽然也是反面的评价，但是这个选项可能表明乔不介意自己的资料被盗用，只是觉得餐厅服务员使用的时候不够灵活，这与文章的主题不符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。本题考查例子与主题之间的关系。答题的依据是第 1段最后两句，文章指出餐馆跟因特网一样，它们都收集用

42、户的信息。选项 A和 B都只涉及表面，选项 D则不如选项 C确切、具体。 【知识 模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选择依据是第 2段第 3句及第 4句，选项 B是对这两句话的归纳。选项 A谈的是可食用的甜饼，而不是本文叙述的用于收集用户信息的一种软件。选项 C是对第 2段第 3、 4句的歪曲理解。文章明确提到了 cookie不是最新的发明，选项 D不正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查复杂句的理解，并涉及两个事物的对比。第2段介绍 Alexa时，指明它 does even more，接着用 while连接 一

43、个让步状语从句，其主句是关于 Alexa的信息，据此可以判断选项 D正确。选项 A和 B与原文不符，容易排除。选项 C指出 Alexa能收集到所有必要的资料，这是对其作用的夸大，实际上，根据倒数第 3句，它收集的只是所有网上活动的资料。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 观点态度题。判断依据是文中作者所使用的一些词句，如： usually without your knowledge， sound scary及最后一句。这些显示了作者对 cookie和Alexa持反对、批评的态度。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从

44、第 2段第 1句的 not onlybut also 句型可知该句是承上启下句，表明食物变质后对买不起冰箱的人造成两种影响，其中第 1段提到是该句的承上，即对健康的影响，第 2段提到是该句的启下，即对经济的影响。虽然本题问的是 without a refrigerator而不是 “食物变质 ”对穷人有什么影响，但是从第 1段可知 “食物变质 ”正是因为 “没有冰箱 ”引起，可知本题实际上就是问第 1段提到的“食物变质 ”对穷人的 影响，本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 3段第 1句开头的 But一词表明 Mohammed Bah Abba发明 th

45、e Cooling System的目的应在上面两段中寻找，第 1段和第 2段提到了一个矛盾现象，即冰箱很贵且耗电与农民必须拥有冰箱以避免损失的矛盾，接着第 3段便提到 Mohammed Bah Abba找到了解决的办法，即 Cooling System，可见 Cooling System既不用花很多钱又能解决农民的问题，因此，本题应选 A。 【知识 模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第 5段和第 6段的内容表明 “蒸发过程 ”可以使里面的小罐子温度降低，从而起到冷藏、保存食物的目的， D“将热量带走 ”也就意味着 “温度降低 ”，两者的意义相同，因此，本题应选 D。 【知识

46、模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 倒数第 3段第 2句中的 aimed at 表明该奖项的目的是为了表彰提高人们生活水平的人， C的内容符合这一宗旨，故为本题答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 倒数第 3段最后一句末的 help develop and extend their projects表明了奖金通常被用来 “开发和拓展他们的项目 ”，四个选项中，与该目的最为接近的是 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实判断题。文章第 3段第 2句提到，这个问题的解答是具有商业结果的。 C

47、中的 business为原文中 commercial的同义改写，故选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题 。文章第 4段首句为一个强调句，强调的是宾语。题干也是一个强调句型，但强调的是主语。如果把原文的强调句型改为一般的句型，就知道向 Maury寻求帮助的是 the Atlantic Telegraph Company，故答案为 D。 A是Maury的工作单位，可以排除；原文只提到，对于一些早期的穿越洲际的旅行家和依靠海洋维持生计的人，海洋并不遥远，故 B、 C与题意不符。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实判断题。文章第

48、 4段提到， 19世纪 40年代， Maury负责推动进行测深工 作的海上航行，以此来探测北大西洋与太平洋的深度，故选 D。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 词义推断题。当时的科学观点是海洋较深的地方不存在生命，而事实上在电缆表面发现了活的生物，由此可知这一事实对当时的科学观点提出质疑，故答案为 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。通读全文可知， oceanography(海洋学 )是全文的中心词，本文主要讲述海洋学是如何起步的，故答案为 A。 B、 C只表述了原文中个别细节，并非主题 ； D跟全文无关。 【知识模块】 仔细

49、阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 原文第 1段第 1句提到最早的造纸方法，第 2句指出了最早的造纸原料来自于一种叫 “纸草 ”的植物，因此，本题应选 D。原文只有第 1段与 earliest paper-making有关， A、 B、 C均缺乏原文依据。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 17 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 结合第 4段最后一句和接下来的所有段落便知这一句提到的是手工造纸步骤的第一步，由此可见，选择用 paper with small amounts of printing是为了 “手工造纸 ”，且接下来的几个段落进一步详述了造纸的其他步骤，因此，本题应选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 18 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 倒数第 2段提及要经过 “多次干燥处理 ”，才能把纸取出，可见，纸是否足够坚韧以便取出，取决于纸浆中含有的水分的多少，因此，本题应选 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 最后两段是手工造纸的最后两个步骤，最后一段是最后一个步骤，表明把纸从模子中取出后， 应该把纸压平，去除残留的空气， A与原文的 The paper is