[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷238及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 238及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It Farewell to the Printed Book? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: - 电 子图书悄然问世,带来了巨大的市场潜力,并对出版业造成一定的冲击 - 电子图书的优势和弊端 - 电子
2、图书与纸质书刊的前景 Is It Farewell to the Printed Book? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for YES) if the stateme
3、nt agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Will the World Remember Disney or Plato? Significant Worldwide Influence of American Culture LONDON-
4、Down in the mall, between the fast-food joint and the bagel shop, a group of young people huddles in a flurry of baggy combat pants, skateboards, and slang. They size up a woman teetering past wearing DKNY, carrying Time magazine in one hand and a latte in the other. She brushes past a guy in a Yank
5、ees baseball cap who is talking on his Motorola cellphone about the Martin Scorsese film he saw last night. Its a standard American scene-only this isnt America, its Britain. U.S. culture is so pervasive that the scene could be played out in any one of dozens of cities. As a global superpower, Ameri
6、ca exports its culture on an unprecedented scale. From music to media, film to fast food, language to literature and sport, the American idea is spreading inexorably (不可阻挡地 ), not unlike the influence of empires that preceded it. The difference is that todays technology flings culture to every corne
7、r of the globe with blinding speed. If it took two millenniums for Platos “Republic“ to reach North America, the latest hit from Justin Timberlake can be found in Greek (and Japanese) stores within days. Sometimes, U.S. ideals get transmitted-such as individual rights, freedom of speech, and respect
8、 for women-and local cultures are enriched. At other times, materialism or worse becomes the message and local traditions get crushed. “The U.S. has become the most powerful, significant world force in terms of cultural imperialism and expansion,“ says Ian Ralston, American studies director at Liver
9、pool John Moores University. “The areas that particularly spring to mind are Hollywood, popular music, and even literature.“ But what some call “McDomination“ has created a backlash (强烈反应 ) in certain cultures. And its not clear whether fast food, Disney, or rock n roll will change the world the way
10、 Homer or Shakespeare has. Hollywood rules the global movie market, with up to 90 percent of audiences in some European countries. Even in Africa, two of three films shown are American. Few countries have yet to be touched by McDonalds and Coca-Cola. Starbucks recently opened up a new front in South
11、 America, and everyones got a Hard Rock Calf T-shirt from somewhere exotic. West Indian sports enthusiasts increasingly watch basketball, not cricket. Baseball has long since taken root in Asia and Cuba. And Chinese young people are becoming more captivated by American football and basketball, some
12、even printing the names of NBA stars on their school sweatsuits. American English is the language of choice for would-be pop stars in Europe, software programmers in India, and Internet surfers everywhere. Americas preeminence is hardly surprising. Superpowers have throughout the ages sought to perp
13、etuate their way of life: from the philosophy and mythology of the ancient Greeks to the law and language of the Romans; from the art and architecture of the Tang Dynasty and Renaissance. Italy to the sports and systems of government of the British. “Most empires think their own point of view is the
14、 only correct point of view,“ says Robert Young, an expert in postcolonial cultural theory at Oxford University. “Its the certainty they get because of the power they have, and they expect to impose it on everyone else.“ Threats of American Cultural Domination Detractors of cultural imperialism argu
15、e, however, that cultural domination poses a totalitarian threat to diversity. In the American case, “McDomination“ poses several dangers. First, local industries are truly at risk of extinction because of U.S. oligopolies(寡头卖主垄断 ), such as Hollywood. For instance in 2000, the European Union handed
16、out one billion euros to subsidise (资助 ) Europes film industry. Even the relatively successful British movie industry has no control over distribution, which is almost entirely in the hands of the Hollywood majors. Second, political cultures are being transformed by the personality-driven American m
17、odel in countries as far-reaching as Japan and the Philippines. Finally, U.S. domination of technologies such as the Internet and satellite TV means that, increasingly, America monopolizes the view people get of the world. According to a recent report for the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development
18、, 13 of the top 14 Internet firms are American. No. 14 is British. “You have to know English if you want to use the Internet,“ says Andre Kaspi, a professor at the Sorbonne in Paris. A main problem is that culture is no longer a protected species, but subject to the inexorable drive for free trade,
19、says Joost Smiers, a political science professor at the Utrecht School of the Arts. This means that it is increasingly difficult for countries to protect their own industries. France tries to do so with subsidies, while South Korea has tried quotas. Such “protectionist“ tactics meet with considerabl
20、e U.S. muscle, Dr. Smiers says. “Americas aggressive cultural policy. hinders national states from regulating their own cultural markets,“ he says. “We should take culture out of the WTO.“ Resistance to American Cultural Influence A backlash is being felt in certain places. In Japan, locals have tak
21、en U.S. ideas like hip-hop and fast food, and given them a Japanese twist, says Dominic A1-Badri, editor of Kansai Time Out. In Germany, there is still strong resistance to aspects of U.S. pop culture, though there is an appetite for its intellectual culture, says Gary Smith, director of the America
22、n Academy in Bedim In France, resistance is growing partly because of frustrations over the Iraq war-but partly because Americanization is already so advanced in the country, says Mr. Kaspi. France has repeatedly tried to mandate the use of French language in official capacities to check the advance
23、 of English. “But most of the time, the law is impossible to apply, because if you want to be understood around the world you have to speak English,“ Kaspi says. In the Philippines, even the best U.S. ideals have caused complications. “The pervasive American influence has saddled us with two legacie
24、s,“ notes respected local commentator Antonio C. Abaya. “American-style elections, which require the commitment of massive financial resources, which have to be recouped (偿还 ) and rolled over many times, which is the main source of corruption in government; and American-style free press in which med
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