[外语类试卷]2007年南开大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2007年南开大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic. （ A） stimulate （ B） renovate （ C） arouse （ D） advocate 2 They advised their clients to_with another company. （ A） mer

2、ge （ B） engage （ C） emerge （ D） submerge 3 Donations are needed to_our child-care programs. （ A） implement （ B） validate （ C） strengthen （ D） approve 4 Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss_the bread-winners death. （ A） at the cost of （ B） on the verge of （ C） as a resul

3、t of （ D） for the sake of 5 Poverty is not_in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there. （ A） rare （ B） temporary （ C） prevalent （ D） segmental 6 People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in_populated ar

4、eas. （ A） densely （ B） intensely （ C） abundantly （ D） highly 7 As a way of_the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later. （ A） picking up （ B） coping with （ C） passing out （ D） getting across 8 The consolidat

5、ion of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in_with a program agreed with by the Department of the Environment. （ A） case （ B） accordance （ C） place （ D） charge 9 Crisis would be the right term to describe the_in many animal species. （ A） minimization （ B） restriction （ C） descent （ D

6、） decline 10 Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to_myself of every chance to improve my English. （ A） assure （ B） inform （ C） avail （ D） notify 11 Id like to take this opportunity to_my heart-felt gratitude to the host. （ A） increase （ B） prolong （ C） intensify （ D） express 12 Al

7、one in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt_but lonely. （ A） nothing （ B） anything （ C） all （ D） everything 13 The failure of electricity put all the computers in the region out of_. （ A） work （ B） tune （ C） gearing （ D） action 14 Of all the wild dogs, none is more cl

8、osely related to the_dog than to the wolf. （ A） domesticated （ B） barking （ C） lazy （ D） running 15 An experiment can be_by poor planning. （ A） distributed （ B） qualified （ C） spoiled （ D） disclosed 16 A good teacher must know how to_his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational expe

9、rts. （ A） display （ B） transmit （ C） convey （ D） illuminate 17 At Wembly, the home of football, countless thousands of people spend Sunday morning amongst the_selling everything from shoes to model trains. （ A） stalls （ B） statures （ C） stalks （ D） statutes 18 The Spanish team, who are not in superb

10、 form, will be doing their best next week to_ themselves on the German team for last years defeat. （ A） remedy （ B） reproach （ C） revive （ D） revenge 19 As a salesman, he works on a(n)_basis, taking 10% of everything he sells. （ A） income （ B） commission （ C） salary （ D） pension 20 The normal human

11、daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16 -17 hours wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep hours normally _ with the hours of darkness. （ A） conform （ B） coincide （ C） collide （ D） comply 21 The mayor is a woman with great _therefore deserves our political and fin

12、ancial support. （ A） intention （ B） instinct （ C） integrity （ D） intensity 22 If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually_. （ A） shrink （ B） delay （ C） disperse （ D） sink 23 Making private phone calls on

13、the office phone is severely_on in our country. （ A） criticized （ B） regarded （ C） objected （ D） frowned 24 The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from_in all directions. （ A） interfering （ B） dispersing （ C） spreading （ D） dis

14、tracting 25 We should always keep in mind that_decisions often lead to bitter regrets. （ A） urgent （ B） hasty （ C） instant （ D） prompt 26 After four years in the same job his enthusiasms finally_. （ A） dispersed （ B） deteriorated （ C） dissipated （ D） drained 27 As regards to the development of moral

15、 standards in the growing child, _ is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. （ A） persistence （ B） regularity （ C） consistency （ D） conformity 28 The doctor told me the medicine can_my headache without doing me any harm. （

16、 A） heal （ B） improve （ C） cure （ D） treat 29 Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is known about it because it is_ covered by thick clouds. （ A） closely （ B） curiously （ C） regularly （ D） constantly 30 He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself_to others in many

17、respects. （ A） better （ B） worse （ C） superior （ D） inferior 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 An unidentified wit once said, “ laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone. “ Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected

18、to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify. It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million people women as well as men who render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at le

19、ast one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by

20、 vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag

21、 on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed slee

22、per. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened. 31 The snoring is caused by_. （ A） the soft palate and other structures of the throat （ B） the inflowing and outflowing air through the nose （ C） the inflowin

23、g and outflowing air through mouth （ D） the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air 32 If a person produces short snores, most probably he has_. （ A） a soft palate （ B） a big nose （ C） an open mouth （ D） a small throat 33 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The snorers

24、 can have control over their act. （ B） Both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring. （ C） The frequency of the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue. （ D） There are more men than women who snore. 34 The authors attitude towards the snorers is_. （ A） objec

25、tive （ B） subjective （ C） sympathetic （ D） annoyed 34 Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls and ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or cotton wool.

26、 Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din(continuous loud noise)of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists get used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being developed to make the

27、 world a less noisy place. Architects have used scientific discoveries to solve noise problems in a number of ways. Walls are hollowed(having empty space inside)and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen curtains cover

28、the windows. Air conditioning and heating channels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materials. Unfortunately, these techniques and others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound. One way of handl

29、ing this problem is to use what they call “sound perfume“ artificial(similarly produced, made by man)noise is piped to rooms through small loudspeakers. 35 Scientists use anechoic room for_. （ A） measuring noise levels of steelworks （ B） measuring blocks of feathers （ C） testing sound-absorbing mate

30、rials （ D） testing electronic equipment 36 The writer implies that_. （ A） untrained people can not stay long in anechoic rooms （ B） performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experience （ C） architects make practical use of the information gathered by scientists （ D） scientists do

31、 not care for noise problem 37 People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because_. （ A） they are allowed to move and speak （ B） they are used to hearing noise around them （ C） the greater air pressure hurts their ears （ D） all of the above 38 The article suggests that_. （ A） loudspeakers are as impor

32、tant as sound-proofing materials （ B） anechoic rooms will be included in all new buildings （ C） scientific devices are sometimes too successful （ D） all of the above 38 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, we

33、ll-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and t

34、hat he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also be

35、cause they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxiou

36、s. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tes

37、ted for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This cons

38、tant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise“ capitalism? Certa

39、inly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full de

40、velopment of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. 39 By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery“ the author intends to render the idea that man is

41、 （ A） a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligible （ B） working in complete harmony with the rest of the society （ C） an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly （ D） a humble component of the society, especially when

42、working smoothly 40 From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those_. （ A） who are at the bottom of the society （ B） who prove better than their fellow-competitors （ C） who could keep far away from this competitive world （ D） who are higher up in their social status 41 To

43、solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_. （ A） resort to the production mode of our ancestors （ B） offer higher wages to the workers and employees （ C） enable man to fully develop his potentialities （ D） take the fundamental realities for granted 42 The authors attitude

44、towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of_. （ A） approval （ B） dissatisfaction （ C） suspicion （ D） tolerance 42 In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985

45、that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs. This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the U

46、nited States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to

47、 be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent high

48、er. If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive or even to remain “developed“. The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs

49、is actually a prescription for unemployment. This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of k