[外语类试卷]2004年5月笔译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2004年 5月笔译二级实务真题试卷及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969 and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagg

2、ing intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so. There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last 20

3、years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathemat

4、ician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceive

5、d The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways:

6、powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weigh

7、ed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modem and idiosyncratic models. Therefore th

8、e underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not me

9、rely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Its not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part

10、of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we dont want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We dont want him ba

11、ck on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, “I look

12、 forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. Its O.K. to have some doubt, and its O.K. to have some nervousness.“ A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came b

13、ack and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak. Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted a

14、dvisers privately tried to discourage him. “But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve,“ says an NBA source. The problem with Jordans return is not only that he cant possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998earning his sixth ring with a last-second champ

15、ionship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming backneeding the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does notviolate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th centurys first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, whi

16、le Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babes pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of c

17、lassiness and confidence. To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards wont get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he wont be the league scoring leader, thats a loss of control. Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that te

18、ll him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan. 3 Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the b

19、est daughter. Didnt I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked? As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didnt I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spic

20、es my mother had run out of? My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncles home in provincial Barddhamana fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like meif my grades didnt impro

21、ve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about “Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families“. There were, apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I want

22、ed to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was “over my dead body“. It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved methat is, if she loved me at all. After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved

23、a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought Id shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: Shed write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; Id call her fr

24、om the United States and tell her all the things Id been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which shed developed a great fondness. We loved each other equallyor so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born. My sons birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult

25、existence in ways I hadnt imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And moth

26、er lovewhat was that all about? Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, Id moved the extra bed into the b

27、abys room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的发展和进步。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦 (Pieere de Coubertin)认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理 解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥林

28、匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一支重要社会力量。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来 20年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展 和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优

29、势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展 . 6 移动电话正在成为 21世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。 在一定程 度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交

30、易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。 电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移 动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。 2004年 5月笔译二级实务真题试卷答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 人类的进程一书的提纲初稿是 1969年 7月完成的，影片的最后一部分是 1972年 12月拍摄的。像这样大的一个项目，虽然异常精彩，令人激动，却并不是轻易上马

31、的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作； 我还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 二十年来，科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化：关注的焦点已经从自然科学转移到生命科学。结果，便把科学越来越吸引到个体特性的研究。然而相关的观察者几乎没有认识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会对它有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运，是它使我在一生中参与了两个创新的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢，我编写了人类的

32、进程一书，以表示我的感激之情。 英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程，以与克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。这些优点之中，我认为最后一点最为突出，它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。所以介绍打开 自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在

33、人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人们通过实践完成的，而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体，那岂不是浪费 ! 【试题解析】 1 It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for insta

34、nce, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作；我还应当说明一 下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个复合句，而译文则分译成了两句话。把 which引导的定语从句单独分出来，作下一句中的一个分句。使用增司法，在名词 pleasure增补动词 “得到 ”； a total immersi

35、on增补为 “专心致志地投入工作 ”。 2 temper倾向、趋势。 理解结构采分点。 temper倾向、趋势： the temper of modern French arts现代法国的艺术倾向。 3 from the physical to the life sciences从自然科学转移到生命科学。 理解结构采分点。 从 life science(生命科学 )可以猜测出 physical science是与生命科学相对的 “自然科学 ”。 physical除了含有 “物质的、身体的、物理的 ”之意外，还有 “自然规律的 ”的意思： It is a physical impossibili

36、ty to be in two places at once同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的。 4 As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会对它有所认识。 理解结构采分点。 原文中开头的一个介词短语 As a mathematician trained

37、in physics在译文中被译成 了两个分句 “我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学 ”。从句是虚拟语气的倒装形式，关键是要把虚拟语气 “若不是 也不会 ”翻译出来。 5 Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways： powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that ale described, and conversational enough t

38、o make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。 理解结构采分点。原文是一个简单句。原则上译文还是一个长句子。但在翻译过程中要对原句的主要成分形容词性短语进行处理。本句的主干句为 Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways，可以译为 “通过电视来进行

39、解说有几大好处 ”。但它后面的形容词性短语 powerful.， able.， conversational.虽然不是完整的句子，但译文中要改变原有的结构，增加主语，形容词 powerful， conversational要转换词性，译成动词。 6 admirable极好的。 用词选词采分点。 望文生义是翻译的一大忌讳，因此要根据不同的 语境选择不同的词义。看到 admirable首先想到的意思是 “令人钦佩的 ”，这个意思放在原文中似乎也无大错，但仔细琢磨，会觉不妥，它的另一个意思 “极好的 ”正是原文要表达的意思。 7 it weighed most with me in agreeing

40、 to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。 用词选词采分点。 本句的关键是对一些词或短语的理解与翻译。在翻译句中的 weighwith (对 有影响 )时，如果译成 “它在 方面对我有很大影响 ”，则没有把原句要表达的深层含义泽出。原句中的 “影响 ”的程度实际上是一种极大的推动力，因此，译文 “它是一股最大的动力促使 ” 更好。 cast系统阐述： He cast his work in the form of a

41、 chart他把他的工作以图表的形式作系统说明。 biography(对某人或对某动物、货币或建筑等 )形成、成长和衰亡的记载 (或历史 )： the biography of the area这个地区的沧桑史。 8 The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models重要的是

42、知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是山抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构 成的， 自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。 用词选词采分点。 point指 “要点 ”，但如翻译成 “要点是 ” ，就不如 “重要的是 ”更符合汉语习惯。介词短语 in general前用的是 knowledge而 in particular前则是 science，由knowledge(知识 )一词推断， science应该译成 “科学知识 ”而不是 “科学 ”。 9 Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise

43、early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。 理解结构采分点。 本句为定语从句，从句部分修饰主语，在译文中可保持原有结构，即译成 “所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想 ”。原句的谓语动词是被动式，应翻译成主动式“必须表现山 ”。动词后面的不 定式和 in.from介词短语要翻译成一个主语后带三个并列动词的形式，即 “它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最纯朴

44、的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中 ” 10 And the development of science which joins them in mom and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人们通过

45、实践完成的，而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。 用词选词采分点。 本句的动词 must be seen to的翻译方法同上一句。翻译 human(人类的 )时要根据上下文的意思选出合适的表达方式。 human后的句子一直在谈论 “发现 ”是如何如何与人类有关 ，可见，人对科学的发展作出了巨大贡献，因此 human译成 “人类的贡献 ”较为合适。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。从善意的角度说，我们想让迈克知道，我们仍然欣赏他，至

46、少在我们的记忆中，他仍然是英雄。事实上，我们不想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔 ?乔丹。我们觉得这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。我们不想让他重返球场，因为没人喜欢卖 弄。失误呢 ?那将会很有趣。 但是我们是有着 225年乐观历史的美国人，我们都是好心人。当乔丹几天前宣布他将在九月重返 NBA时，我们曾为之一振。宣布的前一天，他说过： “我盼望能打球，并希望事情能如愿以偿。有些人怀疑，有些人紧张，都属正常。 ”时代周刊和美国有线新闻网上周做的一项民意调查表明，每两个美国人当中就有一个人希望乔丹尽快重返赛场。只有 21%的人们认为，如果他的重返导致一场彻底失败，将会损害他

47、的传奇。事实上只有 28%的人认为运动员应该在他的运动巅峰时期引退。 与乔丹关系密切的人告诉时代 周刊，当乔丹第一次谈到重返他与其他人共同拥有的华盛顿奇才队并为主效力时，一些他最信任的顾问试图私下打消他的愿望。“但他们说，如果试图阻止他，只能坚定他的决心， ”一位 NBA人上如是说。 乔丹复出所产生的问题不仅仅在于他不可能重现 1998年的神话，那一年，他以一个精彩的最后一秒投篮，使球队赢得了冠军，也为自己赢得了第六只金指环。问题是他重返的动机 他需要人们的关注，需要在 38岁体力不支时，仍然打球。这一切都有悖于他所创造的神话 一个展示绝对控制力的神话。如果说二十世纪的第一个球星巴比 ?鲁斯是

48、一个身 材魁梧肥胖的鲁莽之夫和酒鬼天才，乔丹则证明了刚毅所能带来的优雅风度，并以此结束了二十世纪。巴比对观众的颐指气使被乔丹无奈耸肩的魅力所取代。乔丹代表着成功，因为他的名字没有被他的政治倾向、他的观点或是他的超级明星个性所玷污。乔丹迷就是典雅和自信迷。 明明知道加盟奇才队他将不可能进入联赛第二轮赛事， 明明知道他将与联赛最佳投手无缘，他的重返赛场就是一种失控。 乔丹并不在乎我们在想什么。他的朋友说：他把所有奉劝他不要复出的文章都贴在冰箱上作为激励。那么，我们为什么还要喋喋不休地告诉他不要复出呢 ?他依然是迈克尔 ?乔丹。 【试题解析】 1 Its not that we are afraid

49、 of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。 理解结构采分点。 如果直译本句中的后半句 scribbling a mustache over his career，那就应该是一个不符合汉语表达习惯的短句 “在他的事业上潦草的画上了胡子 ”。因此 ，用意译的方法更合适。 Its not that.不是因为 。 2 the nice part of us从善意的角度说。 理解结构采分点。 the nice part of us在原句中作主语，但在中文里是状语。 3 The truth, though, is that we dont want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into