ASTM C1327-2003 Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics《高级陶瓷的维氏压痕硬度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C 1327 03Standard Test Method forVickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1327; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Vickersindentation hardness of advanced ceramics.1.2 This standard does not purport
3、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 4 Pr
4、actices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)E 384 Test Method for Microhardness of MaterialsE 691 Practice for Conducting an I
5、nterlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 European Standard:CEN ENV 843-4 Advanced Technical Ceramics, Mono-lithic Ceramics, Mechanical Properties at Room Tempera-ture, Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell SuperficialHardness32.3 Japanese Standard:JIS R 1610 Testing Method fo
6、r Vickers Hardness of HighPerformance Ceramics42.4 ISO Standard:ISO 6507/2 Metallic MaterialsHardness testVickerstestPart 2: HV0.2 to less than HV553. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 Vickers hardness number (HV), nan expression ofhardness obtained by dividing the force applied to a Vickersindenter b
7、y the surface area of the permanent impression madeby the indenter.3.1.2 Vickers indenter, na square-based pyramidal-shapeddiamond indenter with face angles of 136 008.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes an indentation hardness testusing a calibrated machine to force a pointed, s
8、quare base,pyramidal diamond indenter having specified face angles,under a predetermined load, into the surface of the materialunder test and to measure the surface-projected diagonals ofthe resulting impression after removal of the load.NOTE 1A general description of the Vickers indentation hardnes
9、s testis given in Test Method E 384. The present method is very similar, hasmost of the same requirements, and differs only in areas required by thespecial nature of advanced ceramics. This test method also has manyelements in common with standards ENV 843-4 and JIS R 1610, whichare also for advance
10、d ceramics.5. Significance and Use5.1 For advanced ceramics, Vickers indenters are used tocreate indentations whose surface-projected diagonals are mea-sured with optical microscopes. The Vickers indenter creates asquare impression from which two surface-projected diagonallengths are measured. Vicke
11、rs hardness is calculated from theratio of the applied load to the area of contact of the four facesof the undeformed indenter. (In contrast, Knoop indenters arealso used to measure hardness, but Knoop hardness is calcu-lated from the ratio of the applied load to the projected area onthe specimen su
12、rface.)5.2 Vickers indentation hardness is one of many propertiesthat is used to characterize advanced ceramics. Attempts havebeen made to relate Vickers indentation hardness to otherhardness scales, but no generally accepted methods are avail-able. Such conversions are limited in scope and should b
13、e usedwith caution, except for special cases where a reliable basis forthe conversion has been obtained by comparison tests.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 onProperties and Performance.Curre
14、nt edition approved October 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 1327 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
15、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.4Available from Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan.5Available from International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.1Copyright
16、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Vickers indentation diagonal lengths are approximately2.8 times shorter than the long diagonal of Knoop indentations,and the indentation depth is approximately 1.5 times deeperthan Knoop inde
17、ntations made at the same load.5.4 Vickers indentations are influenced less by specimensurface flatness, parallelism, and surface finish than Knoopindentations, but these parameters must be considered none-theless.5.5 Vickers indentations are much more likely to causecracks in advanced ceramics than
18、 Knoop indentations. Thecracks may influence the measured hardness by fundamentallyaltering the deformation processes that contribute to theformation of an impression, and they may impair or precludemeasurement of the diagonal lengths due to excessive damageat the indentation tips or sides.5.6 A ful
19、l hardness characterization includes measurementsover a broad range of indentation forces. Vickers hardness ofceramics usually decreases with increasing indentation size orindentation force. The trend is known as the indentation sizeeffect (ISE). Hardness approaches a plateau constant hardnessat suf
20、ficiently large indentation size or forces. The test forces orloads that are needed to achieve a constant hardness vary withthe ceramic. The test force specified in this standard is intendedto be sufficiently large that hardness is either close to or nearthe plateau, but not so large as to introduce
21、 excessive cracking.A comprehensive characterization of the ISE is recommendedbut is beyond the scope of this test method, which measureshardness at a single, designated force.6. Interferences6.1 Cracking from the indentation tips can interfere withdetermination of tip location and thus the diagonal
22、 lengthmeasurements.6.2 Cracking or spalling around the Vickers impression mayoccur and alter the shape and clarity of the indentation,especially for coarse-grained ceramics whereby grains maycleave and dislodge. The cracking may occur in a time-dependent manner (minutes or hours) after the impressi
23、on ismade.6.3 Porosity (either on or just below the surface) mayinterfere with measuring Vickers hardness, especially if theindentation falls directly onto a large pore or if the indentationtip falls in a pore.6.4 At higher magnifications in the optical microscope, itmay be difficult to obtain a sha
24、rp contrast between theindentation tip and the polished surface of some advancedceramics. This may be overcome by careful adjustment of thelighting as discussed in Test Method E 384.7. Apparatus7.1 Testing Machines:7.1.1 There are two general types of machines available formaking this test. One type
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