ASTM C1303 C1303M-2012 Standard Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation《预测闭孔绝缘泡沫长期热电阻的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation:C1303/C1303M11a Designation: C1303/C1303M 12Standard Test Method forPredicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-CellFoam Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1303/C1303M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for predicting the long-term thermal

3、resistance (LTTR) of unfaced or permeably facedrigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations by reducing the specimen thickness to accelerate aging under controlled laboratoryconditions (1-5) .2NOTE 1See Terminology, 3.2.1, for the meaning of the word aging within this standard.1.2 Rigid gas-filled

4、closed-cell foam insulation includes all cellular plastic insulations manufactured with the intent to retain ablowing agent other than air.1.3 This test method is limited to unfaced or permeably faced, homogeneous materials. This method is applied to a wide rangeof rigid closed-cell foam insulation

5、types, including but not limited to: extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, andphenolic. This test method does not apply to impermeably faced rigid closed-cell foams or to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.NOTE 2See Note 8 for more details regarding the applicability of this test meth

6、od to rigid closed-cell bun stock foams.1.4 This test method utilizes referenced standard test procedures for measuring thermal resistance. Periodic measurements areperformed on specimens to observe the effects of aging. Specimens of reduced thickness (that is, thin slices) are used to shortenthe ti

7、me required for these observations. The results of these measurements are used to predict the long-term thermal resistanceof the material.1.5 The test method is given in two parts. The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values ona consistent basis that can be used fo

8、r a variety of purposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons.The Research Method in part B provides a general relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness.1.5.1 To use the Prescriptive Method, the date of manufacture must be known, which usua

9、lly involves the cooperation of themanufacturer.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from

10、 thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appli

11、cability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Part A: The Prescriptive Method 6Applicability 6.1Qualification Requirements 6.1.1Facing Permeability 6.1.2Apparatus 6.2Sampling 6.3Sched

12、ule 6.3.11This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved May 15, 2011.March 1, 2012. Published July 2011.May 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous

13、 edition approved in 2011 asC1303 11A. DOI: 10.1520/C1303_C1303M-11A2.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes hav

14、e been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official doc

15、ument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Representative Replicate Product Sheets 6.3.2Replicate Test Specimen Sets 6.3.3Specimen Preparation 6.4Goal 6.4.1Schedule 6.4.2Specimen Extraction 6.4.3Slice Flatness 6.4.4Slice Th

16、ickness 6.4.5Stack Composition 6.4.6Storage Conditioning 6.5Test Procedure 6.6Thermal Resistance MeasurementSchedule6.6.1Thermal Resistance Measurements 6.6.2Product Density 6.6.3Calculations 6.7Part B: The Research Method 7Background 7.1TDSL Apparatus 7.2Sampling Schedule 7.3Specimen Preparation 7.

17、4Storage Conditioning 7.5Test Procedure 7.6Calculations 7.7Reporting 8Reporting for Part A, the PrescriptiveMethod8.1Reporting for Part B, the Research Method 8.2Precision and Bias 9Keywords 10Mandatory Information Qualification AnnexA1Specimen Preparation A1.1Homogeneity Qualification A1.2Aging Equ

18、ivalence Test Procedure A1.3Alternate Product Thickness Qualification A1.4Example Calculations A1.5Mandatory Information-Preparation of TestSpecimens for Spray-Foam ProductsAnnexA2Effect Of TDSL Appen-dix X1History of the Standard Appen-dix X2Theory of Foam Aging Appen-dix X3References2. Referenced

19、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Fl

20、ow Meter ApparatusC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationC591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationC1029 Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal InsulationC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal

21、 Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1126 Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal InsulationC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation BoardD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD6226 Test M

22、ethod for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcess2.2 Other Standards:CAN/ULC S770 Standard Test Method for Determination of Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-

23、Cell Thermal InsulationFoams43For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Underwriters Laboratory of Ca

24、nada, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 USA,www.ulc.caC1303/C1303M 1222.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms and symbols used in this test method, refer to Terminology

25、C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aging, vthe change in thermophysical properties of rigid closedcell plastic foam with time, primarily due to changesin the composition of the gas contained within the closed cells.3.2.2 bias, na generic concept related to a consistent or

26、systematic difference between a set of test results from the process(that is, the predicted thermal conductivity at 5 years) and an accepted reference value of the property being measured (that is, theactual thermal resistance after 5 years of full-thickness products taken from the same lot as the s

27、ource of the thin slices).3.2.3 core slice, na thin-slice foam specimen that was taken at least 5 mm 0.2 in. or 25 % of the product thickness,whichever is greater, away from the surface of the full-thickness product.3.2.4 effective diffusion thickness, none-half of the geometric thickness minus the

28、total thickness of damaged surface layer(s)(TDSL).3.2.5 facing, na material adhered to the surface of foam insulation, including any foam product that has been suffused intothe facing material, but not inclusive of any skin formed by the foam insulation itself.3.2.6 homogeneous material, nsufficient

29、ly uniform in structure and composition to meet the requirements of this test method(see A1.2).3.2.7 long-term, adjfor the purposes of the Prescriptive Method, long term refers to five years.3.2.8 normalized service life, nproduct service life divided by the square of the full product thickness, uni

30、ts of time/length2.3.2.9 scaled time, ntime divided by the square of the specimen thickness.3.2.10 scaled service life, ntime necessary for a thin specimen to reach the same thermal conductivity that a full thicknessspecimen would reach at the end of its service life, equals the product service life

31、 multiplied by the square of the ratio of theaverage slice thickness to the full product thickness, value has units of time.3.2.11 service life, nthe anticipated period of time that the material is expected to maintain claimed thermophysical properties,may be dependent on the specific end-use applic

32、ation.3.2.12 surface slice, na thin-slice foam specimen that was originally adjacent to the surface of the full-thickness product andthat includes any facing that was adhered to the surface of the original full-thickness product.3.2.13 thickness of damaged surface layer (TDSL), nthe average thicknes

33、s of surface cells, on one surface, that are eitherdestroyed (ruptured or opened) during the preparation of test specimens or were originally open due to the manufacturing process.3.3 Symbols:i = counter used in a summationk = thermal conductivity, W/(mK)n = counter used in a summationN = number of

34、cut planar surfacesnSL= counter in a time series that corresponds to the service life.R = thermal resistance, (m2K)/WTDSL = average thickness of damaged surface layer, mDXeff= effective diffusion thickness of thermal resistance specimen, m4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foa

35、m insulation is thin-sliced to reduce the gas diffusion path length which accelerates the agingprocess. The resulting temporal acceleration is proportional to the square of the ratio of the product use thickness to the slicethickness.4.2 Careful and precise slice preparation is necessary and the pro

36、cess is described in detail in 6.4.4.3 In Part A, the Prescriptive Method, specific test dates are calculated and the thermal resistance of the thin slices is measuredon those dates.4.3.1 Qualification tests are included to determine whether this method is applicable to a given material.4.4 In Part

37、B, the Research Method, thermal conductivity is measured for a series of time periods and extensive data analysisis possible.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rigid gas-filled closed-cell foam insulations include all cellular plastic insulations which rely on a blowing agent (or gas),other than air, for th

38、ermal resistance values. At the time of manufacture, the cells of the foam usually contain their highestpercentage of blowing agent and the lowest percentage of atmospheric gases. As time passes, the relative concentrations of these5Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. A

39、DJC1303.C1303/C1303M 123gases change due primarily to diffusion. This results in a general reduction of the thermal resistance of the foam due to an increasein the thermal conductivity of the resultant cell gas mixture. These phenomena are typically referred to as foam aging.5.1.1 For some rigid gas

40、-filled closed-cell foam insulation products produced using blowing agent gases that diffuse very rapidlyout of the full-thickness foam product, such as expanded polystyrene, there is no need to accelerate the aging process.5.1.2 Physical gas diffusion phenomena occur in three dimensions. The one-di

41、mensional form of the diffusion equations usedin the development of this practice are valid only for planar geometries, that is, for specimens that have parallel faces and wherethe thickness is much smaller than the width and much smaller than the length.NOTE 3Please see Appendix X3 for a discussion

42、 of the theory of accelerated aging via thin slicing.NOTE 4Theoretical and experimental evaluations of the aging of insulation in radial forms, such as pipe insulation, have been made. (6) However,these practices have not evolved to the point of inclusion in the test standard.5.2 The change in therm

43、al resistance due to the phenomena described in 5.1 usually occurs over an extended period of time.Information regarding changes in the thermal resistance of these materials as a function of time is required in a shorter period oftime so that decisions regarding formulations, production, and compari

44、sons with other materials can be made.5.3 Specifications C578, C591, C1029, C1126 and C1289 on rigid closed-cell foams measure thermal resistance afterconditioning at 23 6 1C 73 6 2F for 180 6 5 days from the time of manufacture or at 60 6 1C 140 6 2F for 90 days.This conditioning can be used for co

45、mparative purposes, but is not sufficient to describe long-term thermal resistance. Thisrequirement demonstrates the importance of the aging phenomena within this class of products.5.4 The Prescriptive Method in Part A provides long-term thermal resistance values on a consistent basis for a variety

46、ofpurposes, including product evaluation, specifications, or product comparisons. The consistent basis for these purposes is providedby a series of specific procedural constraints, which are not required in the Research Method described in Part B. The valuesproduced by the Prescriptive Method corres

47、pond to the thermal resistance at an age of five years, which corresponds closely tothe average thermal resistance over a 15-year service life (7, 8).5.4.1 It is recommended that any material standard that refers to C1303 to provide a product rating for long-term thermalresistance specify the Part A

48、 Test Method of C1303.5.5 The Research Method in Part B provides a relationship between thermal conductivity, age, and product thickness. Thecalculation methods given in Part B can be used to predict the resistance at any specific point in time as well as the averageresistance over a specific time p

49、eriod.NOTE 5The 5-year aged values produced in Part A can be derived from the Part B data only if all other Part A requirements are met.5.6 This test method addresses three separate elements relating to the aging of rigid closed-cell plastic foams.5.6.1 Specimen PreparationTechniques for the preparation of thin flat specimens, including their extraction from the “asmanufactured” product, and the measurement of specimen thickness are discussed.5.6.2 Measurement of the Thermal ResistanceThermal resistance measurements, taken at scheduled times, a