ASTM C126-2009 Standard Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile Facing Brick and Solid Masonry Units.pdf

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1、Designation: C 126 09Standard Specification forCeramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick,and Solid Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi

2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification c

3、overs structural clay load-bearingfacing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units”made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with orwithout the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finishconsisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above1500F (655C) making them

4、inseparable, excluding naturalsalt-glazed ware. Two grades, based on permissible variation inface dimensions, and two types are covered, as follows:1.1.1 Grade S (select), for use with comparatively narrowmortar joints.1.1.2 Grade SS (select sized or ground edge), for use wherevariation of face dime

5、nsion must be very small.1.1.3 Type I (single-faced units), for general use where onlyone finished face will be exposed.1.1.4 Type II (two-faced units), for use where two oppositefinished faces will be exposed.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use

6、of results from testing of brickand tile extracted from masonry structures for determiningconformance or nonconformance to the property requirements(Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of thisspecification.1.3 Brick and tile covered by this specification are manu-factured from clay, shal

7、e, or similar naturally occurring sub-stances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated tempera-tures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient firedbond between the particulate constituents to provide thestrength requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond in Termin

8、ology C 1232.)1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standar

9、d. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest portion (Section 15) of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of

10、 the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Samplin

11、g and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 1232 Terminology of MasonryE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials2.2 National Fire Protection Association Standard:3NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials2.3 Underwriters Laboratories,

12、Inc. Standard:4UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics andother Building Materials used for Interior Finishes2.4 International Conference of Building Offcials Stan-dard:51This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct re

13、sponsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 126 99(2005).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C

14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from Underwri

15、ters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 S.Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb

16、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.UBC No. 8-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification ofBuilding Material2.5 Government Standard:6Federal Standard Test No. 1413. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following in

17、formation:3.1.1 GradeWhen the grade is not specified, the require-ments for Grade S shall govern.3.1.2 TypeWhen the type is not specified, the require-ments for Type I shall govern.3.1.3 Sizes and ShapesThe sizes and shapes shall bespecified in accordance with Section 8.3.1.4 Color and Texture of Fi

18、nishThe color and texture ofthe finish shall be specified in accordance with Section 7.3.1.5 Back SurfacesUnless otherwise specified, smooth,scored, combed, or roughened unglazed backs and smoothunselected glazed backs or a mixture thereof, are furnished.When plaster is to be applied, the back surfa

19、ce shall bespecified in accordance with Section 12.3.1.6 CoringUnless otherwise specified, either standardor special duty units as prescribed in Section 12 are furnished.3.1.7 OpacityWhere ceramic glazed units are not speci-fied as opaque, they need not meet the requirements for opacityprescribed in

20、 6.2.3.1.8 Exterior Use Where ceramic glazed units are re-quired for exterior use, the manufacturers shall be consulted formaterial suitable for this purpose.NOTE 1The requirements included in this specification do not coverminimum criteria for durability of units exposed to exterior environments.4.

21、 Compressive Strength4.1 The compressive strengths (based on gross area) of theunits shall be not less than the values prescribed in Table 1.5. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance5.1 The body of the units shall be free of cracks or otherimperfections which would impair the strength or durability oft

22、he masonry.5.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaserand the seller, a delivery of brick or tile shall not contain morethan 3 % brick or tile that are chipped, cracked or broken.5.3 The finished face (one face of stretcher units and thefinished faces of shapes) that will be exposed when

23、in placeshall be covered with a ceramic glaze of uniform quality. Theglaze shall be free of chips, crazes, blisters, crawling, or otherimperfections detracting from the appearance of the finishedwall when viewed from a distance of 5 ft (1.52 m) at rightangles from the wall.NOTE 2The purchaser or his

24、 authorized representative shall beaccorded opportunity for sampling and inspecting units at the place ofmanufacture, prior to shipment.At least 10 days from the time of samplingshould be allowed for completion of the tests. Unless otherwise specifiedin the purchase order, the cost of tests is typic

25、ally borne as follows: If theresults of the tests show that the brick does not conform to therequirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller.If the results of the tests show that the brick does conform to therequirements of this specification, the cost is typically born

26、e by thepurchaser.6. Properties of Finish6.1 ImperviousnessAfter the imperviousness test, no stainseen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m) shall remain on or beneaththe surface, except a slight discoloration in the depressions onmatt, stippled, or mottled finishes.6.2 OpacityWhere opacity of finish is d

27、esired and sospecified, discoloration of the body shall not be visible throughthe glaze in the opacity test. Clear ceramic glazes and specialdecorative glazes shall not be required to meet this require-ment.6.2.1 Resistance to FadingThe color of the glaze shall notchange in the chemical resistance t

28、est. Finishes of metallic orspecial decorative glazes shall not be required to meet thisrequirement.6.2.2 Resistance to CrazingThe glaze shall not craze,spall, or crack when subjected to one cycle of autoclaving inthe crazing test.6.2.3 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution and SmokeDensityBody and finish

29、 must withstand temperatures up to1900F (878C) without distortion or melting and rate“ non-combustible.” When tested in accordance with the provisionsof Test Method E84, structural facing tile shall measure 0flame spread, 0 fuel contribution, and 0 smoke density. Thistest method is similar to that s

30、pecified in NFPA No. 255, ULNo. 723, and UBC No. 8-1.6.2.4 Toxic FumesToxic fumes will not be released fromthe body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900F, andwhen tested under Test Method E84.6.2.5 Hardness and Abrasion ResistanceGlaze must resistscratching by ordinary glass or steel and be ra

31、ted above five onthe Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, underwear index method No. 6192 (Federal Standard Test No. 141),using a standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibrase wheeland a 1000 g weight for 1000 wear cycles, the glazed face shallhave a wear factor not in excess of 15. Finishe

32、s of metallic orspecial decorative glazes shall not be required to meet thisrequirement.7. Color and Texture7.1 The textures shall be mottled, stippled, or smooth asspecified and the color of the finished surface shall be indicatedby a sample consisting of not less than three stretcher unitsrepresen

33、ting the range of shades.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.TABLE 1 Compressive Strengths of UnitsNOTESpecial duty units are available from various manufacturerswhere higher compressive strengths are requ

34、ired.Direction ofCoringMinimum Average of FiveTests, psi (MPa)Individual Minimum, psi(MPa)VerticalHorizontal3 000 (20.7)2 000 (13.8)2 500 (17.2)1 500 (10.3)C1260928. Sizes and Shapes8.1 The face sizes of ceramic glazed units and fittingstherefore shall be as specified.NOTE 3The sizes shown in Table

35、2 are standard in the industry forsingle-faced units (Type I). Two-faced units (Type II) are standard in theindustry, in 334-in. (95.3-mm) and 534-in. (146-mm) thickness only.9. Number of Cells9.1 Requirements for number of cells apply to hollow unitsonly. Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the

36、 perimeter ofthe exterior shells having a minimum dimension of not lessthan12 in. (12.7 mm) and a cross-sectional area greater than112 in.2(9.7 cm2). Hollow units of 6-in. (152.4 mm) and 8-in.(203.2 mm) thickness shall have not less than 2 cells or rowsof cells in the direction of wall thickness.9.2

37、 Double-shell tile shall be considered as having oneadditional cell in the direction of wall thickness if either:9.2.1 The combined width of the voids between exterior andinterior shells on both sides of the tile is not less than12 in.(12.7 mm) and the combined thickness of the short websbetween inn

38、er and outer shells is not greater than that of thelong transverse webs holding the inner shells, or9.2.2 The combined thickness of the inner and outer shellson each side of the tile is not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm).9.3 The face shells of single-shell tile with multicored orsolid-face shells at leas

39、t 112 in. (38.1 mm) in thickness on bothsides of the tile shall be considered as one additional cell inwall thickness, provided the volume of the cores in multicoredshells does not exceed 35 % of the gross volume of the faceshell and the minimum distance from perimeter of core toeither side of shell

40、 is not less than38 in. (9.5 mm).10. Shell and Web Thickness10.1 Multicored UnitsThe minimum distance from theperimeter of core to the outer surface of the shell of multicoredunits shall be not less than34 in. (19 mm).10.2 The thickness of connecting webs between cores ofmulticored units, multicored

41、 shells, or supplementary cores ofhollow units, shall be not less than14 in. (6.4 mm).10.3 Hollow UnitsThe average overall thickness of theshells, measured between the inner and extreme outer surfacesof vertical-cell hollow units, shall be not less than34 in. (19mm). The thickness of the webs shall

42、be not less than12 in.(12.7 mm).10.4 The average over-all thickness of the side (face) shells,measured between the inner and extreme outer surfaces ofhorizontal-cell hollow units, shall be not less than34 in. (19mm). The net thickness of the top and bottom shells shall benot less than12 in. (12.7 mm

43、); that is, when the top andbottom shells are scored, the over-all thickness of the top andbottom shells shall be not less than12 in. plus the depth of thegrooves. The thickness of the webs shall be not less than12in.10.5 The horizontal width of any cell in horizontal-cellhollow units shall not exce

44、ed 412 times the average over-allthickness of either the upper or lower bearing shell.11. Tolerances on Dimensions11.1 Face Dimension TolerancesThe total variation in thefinished face dimensions of units shall be not more than theamounts shown in Table 3.11.2 Bed-Depth Dimension TolerancesThe total

45、variationin the bed-depth (through the wall) dimension of units shall benot more than the amount shown in Table 4.11.3 Distortion TolerancesThe maximum permissible de-viation of the plane and the edges of the face of individual unitsfrom a plane surface and from a straight line, respectively, shalln

46、ot exceed the amount shown in Table 5.12. Plaster Base Finish12.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, smooth,scored, combed or roughened-back units or a mixture thereofare furnished.12.2 When smooth, at least 90 % of the tile area shall befree of glaze and the average absorption shall be no

47、t less than5 %, unless acceptable plaster adhesion bond test data isprovided.12.3 When scored, each groove shall be dovetailed and shallbe not less than116 in. (1.6 mm) nor more than14 in. (6.4mm) in depth, and not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width. Thearea covered by the grooves shall not exceed 5

48、0 % of the areaof the scored faces.12.4 When combed, the tile shall be scarified, prior toburning, by mechanical means which shall make scarificationson the surface of the tile not less than116 in. (1.6 mm) normore than18 in. (3.2 mm) in depth, and not more than14 in.(6.4 mm) apart. When roughened,

49、the die skin on the face ofthe tile shall be entirely broken by mechanical means, such aswire cutting or wire brushing. (The die skin is visible withinthe cells of the tile.)13. Coring13.1 When special-duty units are specified, the units areeither multicored or uncored. Multicored tile contain hollowspaces (cores) which are enclosed within the perimeter of theexterior shells and have a cross-sectional area of not more thanTABLE 2 Size of Single-Faced UnitsSeriesDesignationSpecified Face DimensionsSpecified Thickness, in.