ASTM C125-2015a Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《混凝土和混凝土骨料相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 15C125 15aStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of te

3、rms as they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to const

4、ituents of aggregates forradiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Institute(ACI) has a standard terminology for the concrete industry.2 In the event of c

5、onflict between definitions in Terminology C125 anddefinitions in theACI standard terminology or in Terminology C219, definitions in Terminology C125 shall govern for CommitteeC09 standards.1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only

6、 if used inmore than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriateas stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end o

7、f a definition indicates the year the definitionor revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has not yet beenreviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC

8、143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical

9、 Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Pr

10、eplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitio

11、us MixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ore

12、s, and Related Materials1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.91 onTerminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015July 1, 2015. Published April 2015August 2015. Originally approved

13、 in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC12514.15. DOI: 10.1520/C0125-15.10.1520/C0125-15A.2 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.

14、astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what

15、 changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the

16、official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fil

17、l permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unless otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mas

18、s is that which does not includewater adhering to the outside surface, the increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the body and the body is considered to be“dry” when it has been treated by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying to constant mass at

19、 a temperature between 100and 110C.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which an evaluation authority attests that a testing agency has demonstrated thecompetency to perform specific tasks in accordance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic

20、cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is used as aningredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batchbefore or during its mixing. (R2008)(R2015)accelerating admixture,nan admixture that increases the rate of

21、reaction of compounds in cementitious materials thus reducingtime of setting and increasing early strength development of a cementitious mixture. (2014)(2015)air-entraining admixture,nadmixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete or mortarduring mixing. (R2

22、008)chemical admixture,nan admixture in the form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid. (2014)mineral admixture,ndeprecated term. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types of water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials, cementitious mat

23、erials,and aggregate. These materials are not similar, and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the specific material should be used,for example, use “pozzolan,” “slag cement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture,nan admixture that decrease

24、s the rate of reaction of compounds in cementitious materials thus increasingtime of setting of a cementitious mixture. (2014)(2015)water-reducing admixture,nadmixture that either increases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasingthe water content or that maintains the slump

25、with a reduced amount of water due to factors other than air entrainment. (R2008)water-reducing admixture, high-range,na water-reducing admixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction of watercontent when tested in accordance with Specification C494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requir

26、ements of SpecificationC494/C494M. (R2008)age, equivalent, nthe number of days or hours of curing of a concrete mixture at a specified temperature required to producea maturity equal to the maturity achieved by a given curing period at concrete temperatures different from the specifiedtemperature. (

27、2015)DISCUSSIONThe specified temperature is taken typically as the temperature used for standard laboratory curing. For example, a concrete cured for three days atan elevated temperature may have an equivalent age of seven days of curing at the standard laboratory temperature.aggregate, ngranular ma

28、terial, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing mediumto form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R2008)coarse aggregate,n(1) aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregateretained on the 4.75-mm (No

29、. 4) sieve. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradin

30、g should be stated in the specification.fine aggregate,n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andpredominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andretained on th

31、e 75-m (No. 200) sieve. (R2008)C125 15a2DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for

32、properties and grading should be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate,nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate,naggregate with relative density greater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron,or steel. (R2008)lightweight aggregate,nsee low-density aggre

33、gate.low-density aggregate,naggregate with bulk density less than 1120 kg/m3 70 lb/ft3, such as: pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders,tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and end products ofcoal or coke combustion. (R2008)normal

34、-density aggregate,naggregate that is neither high nor low density. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative density typically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typically ranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3 120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate,nsee nor

35、mal-density aggregate.aircontent, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usuallyexpressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.

36、air, entrained, nair voids, typically between 10 and 1000 m (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, that are incorporatedintentionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durability of

37、 cementitious mixtures exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing in wet environments.Entrained air may affect workability and strength of a hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in size and mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated unintentionallyi

38、nto a cementitious mixture during mixing and handling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independent entity, apart from the testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability to providean unbiased evaluation of the technical activities of concrete and concrete aggregates te

39、sting agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspection and accreditation, and these services are offered by various evaluation authorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,th

40、at is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting from solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by application of water to the solidi

41、fied surface. (R2008)blast-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellular material obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slagwith water or water and other agents, such as steam or compressed air or both. (R2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular material for

42、med when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water. (R2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, or its emergence from, a newly placed cementitious mixture caused bythe settlement of the solid materials within the mass. (R2013)bulk density, nof aggregate,

43、 the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the volume of theindividual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles). (R2008)DISCUSSIONC125 15a3This term replaces the deprecated term unit weightof aggregate.calcined, adjheated to a temperature less

44、 than the melting point so as to bring about a decomposition, phase transition, orremoval of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, under specified conditions and following a standard procedure, establishesmetrological traceability by de

45、termining: (1) the relationship between the quantity values provided by measurement standardsor certified reference materials and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system; and (2) the estimateduncertainty of measurements made subsequently with the instrument or system. (20

46、11)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account systematic error (or bias) of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that is associated with the useof the measurement instrument or system and error associated with the measurement standards or certified reference materials. Calibratio

47、n should notbe confused with an adjustment of a measuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument. Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenlycalled calibration, but performing only the first step is the process of standardization. In tests of concrete and concrete aggregates, sta

48、ndardizationof measuring instruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.(R2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has been grou

49、nd to cement fineness, with or without additions, and that is ahydraulic cement. (2011)cementitious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R2008)cementitious material, supplementary, (SCM), nan inorganic material that contributes to the properties of a cementitiousmixture through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, or both. (2012)DISCUSSIONSome exam