ASTM C125-2015 Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《混凝土和混凝土骨料相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 15Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms asth

3、ey are used in standards under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituents of a

4、ggre-gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Insti-tute (ACI) has a standard terminology for the concrete indus-try.2In the event of conflict

5、between definitions in TerminologyC125 and definitions in the ACI standard terminology or inTerminology C219, definitions in Terminology C125 shallgovern for Committee C09 standards.1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedi

6、n more than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definit

7、ion indicates the yearthe definition or revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and ayear indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the termhas not yet been reviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Te

8、st Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures f

9、orConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggreg

10、ate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMaturity MethodC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forTesting Agency EvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC14

11、37 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals, Ores, and Related

12、Materials3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from thepenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case o

13、f concrete and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass isthat which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, theincrease in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “dry” when

14、it has been treatedby an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110C.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on

15、 Terminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C12514. DOI:10.1520/C0125-15.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concret

16、e.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi

17、s standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which anevaluation authority attests that a testing agency has dem-onstrated the competency to perform specific tasks in accor-d

18、ance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hydrau-lic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify itsfreshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that isadded to the batch before or during

19、 its mixing. (R2008)accelerating admixture, nan admixture that increases therate of reaction of compounds in cementitious materials thusreducing time of setting and increasing early strength devel-opment of a cementitious mixture. (2014)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopme

20、nt of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concreteor mortar during mixing. (R2008)chemical admixture, nan admixture in the form of a liquid,suspension, or water-soluble solid. (2014)mineral admixture, ndeprecated term. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater i

21、nsoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “slagcement,” or “finely divide

22、d aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture, nan admixture that decreases the rateof reaction of compounds in cementitious materials thusincreasing time of setting of a cementitious mixture. (2014)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar o

23、r concrete withoutincreasing the water content or that maintains the slump with areduced amount of water due to factors other than air entrain-ment. (R2008)water-reducing admixture, high-range, na water-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater content when tested in acc

24、ordance with SpecificationC494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirements ofSpecification C494/C494M. (R2008)aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar.(R2008)coarse agg

25、regate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of anaggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in

26、 a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieveand predo

27、minantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve and retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregatee

28、ither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater th

29、an 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite,iron, or steel. (R2008)lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with bulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3, such as: pumice, scoria, volcaniccinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay,

30、shale,slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and endproducts of coal or coke combustion. (R2008)normal-density aggregate, naggregate that is neither highnor low density. (R2008)DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or w

31、ith bulk density typicallyranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.air content, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of

32、total volumeof the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air, entrained, nair voids, typically between 10 and 1000 m(1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, that areincorporated intentionally into a cementitious mixture dur-ing mixin

33、g by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durabilityof cementitious mixtures exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing inwet environments. Entrained air may affect workability and strength ofa hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped

34、, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in sizeand mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated uninten-tionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing andhandling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independent entity, apart fromthe testing agency being evaluated, that has

35、 the capability toprovide an unbiased evaluation of the technical activities ofconcrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspectionand accreditation, and these services are offered by various evaluationauthorities.blast-furnace slag,

36、nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidification of molten blast-furnac

37、e slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli-cation of water to the solidified surface. (R2008)C125 152blast-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellularmaterial obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slag with water or water and other ag

38、ents, such assteam or compressed air or both. (R2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water. (R2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, a newly placed c

39、ementitious mixturecaused by the settlement of the solid materials within themass. (R2013)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume ofbulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of thevoids between the particles). (R2008)DISCUSS

40、IONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.calcined, adjheated to a temperature less than the meltingpoint so as to bring about a decomposition, phase transition,or removal of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that,

41、underspecified conditions and following a standard procedure,establishes metrological traceability by determining: (1) therelationship between the quantity values provided by mea-surement standards or certified reference materials and thecorresponding indications from a measuring instrument orsystem

42、; and (2) the estimated uncertainty of measurementsmade subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account systematic error (or bias)of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that isassociated with the use of the measurement instrument or s

43、ystem anderror associated with the measurement standards or certified referencematerials. Calibration should not be confused with an adjustment of ameasuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument.Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenly called calibration, butperforming only

44、the first step is the process of standardization. In testsof concrete and concrete aggregates, standardization of measuringinstruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capab

45、le of doing sounder water. (R2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has beenground to cement fineness, with or without additions, andthat is a hydraulic cement. (2011)cementitious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developss

46、trength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R2008)cementitious material, supplementary, (SCM), nan inor-ganic material that contributes to the properties of a cemen-titious mixture through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, orboth. (2012)DI

47、SCUSSIONSome examples of supplementary cementitious materi-als are fly ash, silica fume, slag cement, rice husk ash, and naturalpozzolans. In practice, these materials are used in combination withportland cement.cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement

48、. (R2008)certification, nof technician, a procedure to determine andattest in writing that an individual is qualified to performspecific test methods or practices. (2013)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to thesurface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane thatimpedes the evaporatio

49、n of water and, in the case of whitepigmented compounds, reflects heat. (2010)concrete, na composite material that consists essentially of abinding medium within which are embedded particles orfragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, thebinder is formed from a mixture of hydraulic cement andwater. (R2008)concrete, cellular, na lightweight hydraulic-cement concretehaving a homogeneous void or cell structure attained usinggas-forming chemicals or foaming agents. (R2008)concrete, fresh, nconcrete which poss