ASTM C1128-2001(2008) Standard Guide for Preparation of Working Reference Materials for Use in Analysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials《核燃料循环材料分析用操作参考材料的制备的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM C1128-2001(2008) Standard Guide for Preparation of Working Reference Materials for Use in Analysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials《核燃料循环材料分析用操作参考材料的制备的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C1128-2001(2008) Standard Guide for Preparation of Working Reference Materials for Use in Analysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials《核燃料循环材料分析用操作参考材料的制备的标准指南》.pdf(12页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C 1128 01 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Guide forPreparation of Working Reference Materials for Use inAnalysis of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the preparation and characterizationof working reference ma
3、terials (WRM) that are produced by alaboratory for its own use in the analysis of nuclear materials.Guidance is provided for establishing traceability of WRMs tocertified reference materials by a defined characterizationprocess. The guidance provided is generic; it is not specific fora given materia
4、l.1.2 The information provided by this guide is found in thefollowing sections:SectionPlanning 6Preparation 7Packaging and Storage 8Characterization 9Statistical Analysis 10Documentation 111.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in
5、thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
6、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials3C 1009 Guide for Establishing a Quality Assurance Pro-gram for Analytical Chemistry Laboratories Within theNuclear IndustryC 1068 Guide for Qualification of Measurement Methodsby a Laboratory Within the Nuclear
7、IndustryC 1215 Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision andBias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in theNuclear Industry2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-mentISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence ofCalibration and Testing Laboratories4I
8、SO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connectionwith Reference Materials43. Terminology53.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 certified reference material (CRM)6a reference ma-terial with one or more property values that are certified by atechnically valid procedure, accompani
9、ed by or traceable to acertificate or other documentation that is issued by a certifyingbody (as defined by ISO Guide 30). A certifying body is atechnically competent body (organization or firm, public orprivate) that issues a reference material certificate (as definedby ISO Guide 30). A reference m
10、aterial certificate is a docu-ment certifying one or more property values for a certifiedreference material, stating that the necessary procedures havebeen carried out to establish their validity (as defined by ISOGuide 30).3.1.2 reference material (RM)6a material or substanceone or more properties
11、of which are sufficiently well estab-lished to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, theassessment of a measurement method, or assigning values tomaterials (as defined by ISO Guide 30). A reference materialmay be referred to in this guide also as a standard, such ascalibration standard or con
12、trol standard.3.1.3 working reference material (WRM)6a RM usuallyprepared by a single laboratory for its own use as a calibrationstandard, as a control standard, or for the qualification of ameasurement method (see Guide C 1068) as indicated in Fig.1.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
13、mittee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.08 on Quality Assur-ance, Statistical Applications, and Reference Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 1128 01
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Insti
15、tute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5See C 859 for other terms specific to the nuclear fuel cycle.6It is important that a well defined uncertainty in the stated value(s) be given inthe certificate.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide covers the preparation of WRMs fromnuclear fuel cycle materials. These materials are compoundsand metal of uranium and plutonium, absorber materials suchas boron carbide, and cladding materials such as zirconium
17、andstainless steel. The criteria governing the preparation of reli-able WRMs are identified and discussed. Because this guide isgeneric, requirements and detailed information for specificnuclear materials are not given. A flow diagram to illustrate anapproach to producing WRMs is given in Fig. 2.5.
18、Significance and Use5.1 Certified reference materials (CRMs) prepared fromnuclear materials are generally of high purity, possessingchemical stability or reproducible stoichiometry. Usually theyare certified using the most unbiased and precise measurementmethods available, often with more than one l
19、aboratory beinginvolved in making certification measurements. CRMs aregenerally used on a national or international level, and they areat the top of the metrological hierarchy of reference materials.A graphical representation of a national nuclear measurementsystem is shown in Fig. 3.5.2 Working ref
20、erence materials (WRMs) need to havequality characteristics that are similar to CRMs, although therigor used to achieve those characteristics is not usually asstringent as for CRMs. Where possible, CRMs are often usedto calibrate the methods used for establishing the concentrationvalues (reference v
21、alues) assigned to WRMs, thus providingtraceability to CRMs as required by ISO 17025.AWRMisnormally prepared for a specific application.5.3 Because of the importance of having highly reliablemeasurement data from nuclear materials, particularly forcontrol and accountability purposes, CRMs are someti
22、mesused for calibration when available. However, CRMs preparedfrom nuclear materials are not always available for specificapplications. Thus, there may be a need for a laboratory toprepare WRMs from nuclear materials. Also, CRMs are oftentoo expensive, or their supply is too limited for use in thequ
23、antities needed for long-term, routine use. When properlyprepared, WRMs will serve equally well as CRMs for mostapplications, and using WRMs will preserve supplies ofCRMs.5.4 Difficulties may be encountered in the preparation ofRMs from nuclear materials because of the chemical andphysical propertie
24、s of the materials. Chemical instabilities,problems in ensuring stoichiometry, and radioactivity arefactors involved, with all three factors being involved withsome materials. Those preparing WRMs from nuclear materi-als must be aware of how these factors affect preparation, aswell as being aware of
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