职称英语理工类B级-1及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B级-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.（分数：1.00）A.became betterB.became worseC.became strongerD.became weaker2.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.quickenB.short

2、enC.loosenD.enlarge3.We should never content ourselves with only a little knowledge.（分数：1.00）A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit4.We should Ucontemplated/U the problem from all sides. A. deliberated B. thought C. described D, designed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.During the past ten years there have been dra

3、matic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical6.He invested a considerable amount of money in the project.（分数：1.00）A.immenseB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic7.I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.（分数：1.00）A.intended toB.tended toC.extended

4、 toD.pretended to8.As a matter of fact, I love soft music more than popular music.（分数：1.00）A.BasicallyB.ProbablyC.ActuallyD.Accurately9.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining10.The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very

5、 causal.（分数：1.00）A.formalB.informalC.regularD.irregular11.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent12.They are worded about their capacity to invest in the future.（分数：1.00）A.capitalB.abilityC.expenseD.real

6、ity13.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint14.They had a far better Uyield/U than any other farm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest15.Since the Great Depression, the United States govern

7、ment has protected farmers from Udamaging/U drops in grain prices.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作山判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C项。BBees and Color/BOn our table in the garden we put a blue

8、 card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different gray cards. These gray cards are of all possible shades of gray land include white and black. on each card a watch-glass is placed .The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup (果汁) in it; all the others are empty. After a short ti

9、me bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the bluecard and put an empty one in its place.Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go t

10、o any of the gray cards, in spite of the fact that one of the gray cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of gray. for blue. In his way we have proved that they do really see blue as a color.We can find out in just the same way what other col

11、ors bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colors, but these insects differ from us as regards their color-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different gra

12、y cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a color at all for bees; for them it is just dark gray or black.That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other.

13、Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another color which we cannot see at all. This color beyond the violet, invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra -violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to se

14、e ultra -violet light, bees can do so; for them ultra -violet is a colon Thus bees see a color which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an exper

15、iment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.（分数：7.00）(1).Experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colon（分数：1.00）A.A. True B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned(2).The third paragraph tells us that bees

16、also regard red as a color.（分数：1.00）A.A. True B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned(3).The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see gray as a color.（分数：1.00）A.A. True B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned(4).An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to

17、see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a colon（分数：1.00）A.A. Tree B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned(5).The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.（分数：1.00）A.A. Tree B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned(6).We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colors in

18、 the same way as human beings.（分数：1.00）A.A. True B.B. False P C.C. Not mentioned(7).Bees are more sensitive to colors than human beings.（分数：1.00）A.A. True B.B. False C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为相应的段落选择 1个正确的小标题；(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4

19、个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的横线上。BVolts from the Sky/BLightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.Lightning is generated when elect

20、rical charges separate in rain clouds, though processesare still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively

21、charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and elec

22、trons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of l

23、ightning discharges, is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning chann

24、el sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ballthat appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, an

25、d lasts for several seconds.Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,000F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder.About 2,000 thun

26、derstorms are occurring in the world at any time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your

27、lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing

28、 by five. This approximates the mileage.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraphs 2 and 3 _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）A.Cloud-to-ground lightening occurring in the USB.Types of lighteningC.Cause of lighteningD.Differences between

29、thunder and thunderstormE.Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the US F. Shock waves as thunder(5).In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightening, the grounds surface _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).One form of lightening that is ball lightening.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Cloud lightening looks lik

30、e a ribbon when its lighting channel _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Although not fully understanding processes of lightening, man _.（分数：1.00）A.occurs most infrequentlyB.is shifted sideways by strong windsC.is often hidden from our viewD.is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lighteningE.is es

31、timated at 20 millions a year F. is positively charged四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。B第一篇/BBTechnology Transfer in Germany/BWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial

32、 base has been fed with a constant stream ofnew ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning id

33、eas into profit.Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. .But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in

34、technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favorin

35、g applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven, free and widely available will suffer.

36、Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous n

37、ames such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.

38、 It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Bedim Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.（分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?（分数：3.00）A.Technology transfer.B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fie

39、rce competition.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?（分数：3.00）A.It is free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely available.D.It is curiosity-driven.(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in _.（分数：3.00）A.AsiaB.USAC.EuropeD.Afr

40、ica(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?（分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.After the unification.D.In 1949.(5).The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“experts“B.“scientists“C.“scholars“D.“special knowledge“B第二篇/BBUnderground Coal Fires A Looming Catastrophe/BCoal

41、burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surroundings vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires, a pa

42、nel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,“ said Associate Profe

43、ssor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlig

44、ht and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes about on

45、e billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of coal ecology, once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse g

46、ases; poisonous gases fumes and black particles in to the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, As

47、sistant Professor Pan1 Van Dijk of the International Institute for Goo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques sho

48、uld allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide theses fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaozzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which bas developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices,) which is desi

49、gned to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is that _.（分数：3.00）A.underground, fires loom large in the forestsB.coal burning deep underground is found in ChinaC.poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sourcesD.arsenic and mercury are the most poisonous elements to water sources(2).According to