ASTM B438-2017 Standard Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)《铜基粉末冶金(PM)轴承(油浸)的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: B438 13B438 17Standard Specification forBronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers por

3、ous metallic sleeve, flange, thrust and spherical bronze-base bearings that are produced frommixed metal powders utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) technology and then impregnated with oil to supply operating lubrication.1.2 Included are the specifications for the chemical, physical and mechanical req

4、uirements of those bronze-base PM materialsthat have been developed and standardized specifically for use in the manufacture of these self-lubricating bearings.1.3 This specification is applicable to the purchase of bronze-base bearings (oil-impregnated) that were formerly covered bymilitary specifi

5、cations and are intended for government or military applications. Those additional government requirements thatonly apply to military bearings are listed in the Supplementary Requirements section of this specification.1.4 This specification accompanies Specification B439 that covers the requirements

6、 for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)Bearings, (Oil-Impregnated).1.5 Typical applications for bronze-base bearings are listed in Appendix X1.1.6 Bearing dimensional tolerance data are shown in Appendix X2, while engineering information regarding installation andoperating parameters of PM bearings is

7、 included in Appendix X3. Additional useful information on self-lubricating bearings canbe found in MPIF Standard 35, ISO 5755 and the technical literature.21.7 With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound unitsare to be rega

8、rded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does notpurport to

9、 address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in acco

10、rdance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S

11、tandards:3B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB439 Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)B939 Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, K, of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural MaterialsB946 Test Method for Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM)

12、ProductsB962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes PrincipleB963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B

13、09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 1, 2013April 1, 2017. Published May 2013April 2017. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asB438 08.B438 13. DOI: 10.1520/

14、B0438-13.10.1520/B0438-17.2 Machine Design Magazine, Vol 54, #14, June 17, 1982, pp. 130-142.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document S

15、ummary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomme

16、nds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

17、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes PrincipleB966 Test Method for Permeability of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings Using Nitrogen Gas (Withdrawn 2015)4B970 Test Method for Cleanliness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Parts (Withd

18、rawn 2016)4E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room TemperatureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobal

19、t Alloys byVarious Combustion and Fusion Techniques2.2 MPIF Standard:MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings42.3 ISO Standard:5ISO 2795 Plain Bearings Made from Sintered MaterialDimensions and TolerancesISO 5755 Sintered Metal Materials - Specifications2.4 Government St

20、andards:MIL-PRF-6085 Lubricating Oil: Instrument, Aircraft, Low Volatility6QPL-6085 Lubricating Oil Instrument, Aircraft, Low Volatility6MIL-PRF-17331 Lubrication Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear, Moderate Service6QPL-17331 Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear, Moderate Service6MIL-B-5687 Bearings, Sl

21、eeve, Washers, Thrust, Sintered, Metal Powder, Oil-Impregnated, General Specification For7MS17795 Bearing, Sleeve, Plain, Sintered Bronze, Oil-Impregnated7MS17796 Bearing, Sleeve, Flanged, Sintered Bronze, Oil-Impregnated7MS21783 Bearing, Washer, Thrust, Sintered Bronze, Oil-Impregnated73. Terminolo

22、gy3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of the terms used in this specification are found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Volume 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Classification4.1 This specification uses the established th

23、ree-part alphanumeric PM Material Designation Code to identify the nonferrousmaterials used for self-lubricating PM bearings. The complete explanation of this classification system is presented in Annex A1.4.2 The following standard oil-impregnated bronze-base bearing material compositions are conta

24、ined in this specification:4.2.1 Prefix CTBronze (Low Graphite):CT-1000-K19CT-1000-K26CT-1000-K37CT-1000-K404.2.2 Prefix CTGBronze-Graphite (Medium Graphite):CTG-1001-K17CTG-1001-K23CTG-1001-K30CTG-1001-K344.2.3 Prefix CTGBronze (High Graphite):CTG-1004-K10CTG-1004-K154.2.4 Prefix CTG-MODBronze-Lead

25、-Graphite (Military Grade):CTG-1001-K23-MOD4.2.5 Prefix CFTGBronze (Diluted):CFTG-3806-K14CFTG-3806-K225. Ordering Information5.1 Purchase orders or contracts for bronze-base, oil-impregnated bearings covered by this purchasing specification shallinclude the following information:5.1.1 A copy of the

26、 bearing print showing dimensions and tolerances (Section 10),5.1.2 Reference to this ASTM Standard, including date of issue,4 Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd. East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692, http:/www.mpif.org.5 ISO standards are available from American Nati

27、onal Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.Electronic copies of military specifications

28、may be obtained from http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/.B438 1725.1.3 Identification of bearing material by the PM Material Designation Code (Section 4.2),5.1.4 Request for Certification and Test Report documents, if required (Section 16),5.1.5 Type and grade of special lubricating oil, if required (Section

29、 6.2 or S2.2),5.1.6 Instructions for special packaging, if required (Section 17).5.1.7 Chemical composition limits (Sections 7.2 and 13.2) if required,5.1.8 Sampling lot size (Section 12) if required,5.1.9 Testing procedure and strength requirement for the flanges of flanged oil-impregnated bearings

30、 (Section 13.4.1.2) ifrequired,5.1.10 Bearing breaking load (Section 13.4.2) if required.5.2 Those additional government requirements necessary on orders for military bearings are prescribed in the SupplementaryRequirements section.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Porous Metallic Bearing:6.1.1 Sinter

31、ed bronze-base bearings shall be produced by first compacting pre-alloyed bronze or elemental copper and tinpowders and any other additives appropriate for the composition to the proper density and bearing configuration.6.1.2 The green bearings shall then be sintered in a protective atmosphere furna

32、ce for a time and temperature relationship thatwill produce the required sintered bronze-base PM material.6.1.3 After sintering, the bronze-base bearings are normally sized to achieve the density, dimensional characteristics,concentricity and surface finish required of the metallic bearing.6.2 Oil f

33、or Operating Lubrication:6.2.1 The interconnected or open surface-connected porosity in the bearings shall be filled to the required volume withlubricating oil, either by an extended soaking in the hot oil or preferably by a vacuum impregnation operation.TABLE 1 Specifications for Bronze-Base Materi

34、als used in PM BearingsMaterial Designation CodeChemical Requirements PhysicalRequirements MechanicalRequirementsCoppermass %Tinmass %Leadmass %GraphiticCarbonmass %Ironmass %AllOthersmass %Radial CrushingStrength, KImpregnatedDensityg/cm3ContentOilvol %103 psi (MPa)Bronze (Low Graphite)CT-1000-K19

35、bal 9.5-10.5 0.3 max 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.0-6.4 24 minA,G 19 min (130 min)CT-1000-K26 bal 9.5-10.5 0.3 max 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.4-6.8 19 minG 26 min (180 min)CT-1000-K37 bal 9.5-10.5 0.3 max 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.8-7.2 12 minG 37 min (260 min)CT-1000-K40 bal 9.5-10.5 0.3 max 1.0 max 1.0 max 7.2-7.6 9 minG 40

36、min (280 min)Bronze (Medium Graphite)CTG-1001-K17 bal 9.5-10.5 0.5-1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.0-6.4 22 minB,G 17 min (120 min)CTG-1001-K23 bal 9.5-10.5 0.5-1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.4-6.8 17 minG 23 min (160 min)CTG-1001-K30 bal 9.5-10.5 0.5-1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.8.7.2 9 minG 30 min (210 min)CTG-1001-K34 bal

37、 9.5-10.5 0.5-1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max 7.2-7.6 7 minG 34 min (230 min)Bronze (High Graphite)CTG-1004-K10 bal 9.2-10.2 2.5-5.0 1.0 max 1.0 max 5.8-6.2 11 minG,I 10 min (70 min)CTG-1004-K15 bal 9.2-10.2 2.5-5.0 1.0 max 1.0 max 6.2-6.6 C,G 15 min (100 min)Bronze-Lead-Graphite (Military Grade)CTG-1001-K23-MO

38、DD bal 9.5-10.5 2.0-4.0 0.5-1.75 1.0 max 0.5 max 6.4-6.8 17 minG 23 min (160 min)Bronze (Diluted)CFTG-3806-K14 bal 5.5-6.5 E 36.0-40.0F 2.0 max 5.6-6.0 22 minH 14-35 (100-240)CFTG-3806-K22 bal 5.5-6.5 E 36.0-40.0F 2.0 max 6.0-6.4 17 minH 22-50 (150-340)A For an oil content of 27% min, density range

39、will be 5.8-6.2 g/cm3 and radial crushing strength will be 15 000 psi (100 MPa) minimum.B For an oil content of 25% min, density range will be 5.8-6.2 g/cm3 and radial crushing strength will be 13 000 psi (90 MPa) minimum.C At maximum graphite (5%) and density (6.6 g/cm3), this material will contain

40、 only a trace of oil. At 3% graphite and 6.2-6.6 g/cm3 density, it will contain 8 vol % (min.)of oil.D Additional chemical requirements are: Zinc0.75% max, Nickel0.35% max, Antimony0.25% max.E Graphitic carbon content is typically 0.5-1.3%; total carbon shall be 0.5-1.3%.F The iron portion may conta

41、in 0.5% max metallurgically combined carbon.G Minimum oil content will decrease with increasing density. Those shown are valid at the upper-limit of the density given.H These data are based on material in the finished condition.I At 3% graphite, it will contain 14% min oil content.B438 1736.2.2 A me

42、dium viscosity petroleum oil is normally used for most bearing applications, but extreme operating conditions suchas elevated temperatures, intermittent rotation, extremely low speeds or heavy loads may require a synthetic lubricant or an oil witha different viscosity.6.2.3 Unless otherwise specifie

43、d by the purchaser, a high-grade turbine oil with antifoaming additives and containing corrosionand oxidation inhibitors, having a kinematic viscosity of 280 to 500 SSU (60 10-6 to 110 10-6 m2/s), (60 to 110 cSt) at 100F (38 C) is normally used as a general purpose lubricating oil.7. Chemical Compos

44、ition7.1 Chemical Composition SpecificationsEach bronze-base PM bearing material shall conform to the chemical requirementsprescribed in Table 1 when determined on a clean test sample from oil-free bearings.7.2 Limits on Nonspecified ElementsBy agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,produc

45、er, limits may be establishedand chemical analyses required for elements or compounds not specified in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Oil ContentFor each bearing material, the oil content of the as-received bearing shall not be less than the minimumpercentage listed in Table 1.8.2 Impregnation Ef

46、fciencyA minimum of 90% of the interconnected porosity in the as-received bearings shall beimpregnated with lubricating oil.8.3 Impregnated DensityThe density of the sample bearings, when fully impregnated with lubricating oil, shall meet therequirements prescribed in Table 1 for each bearing materi

47、al.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Radial Crushing StrengthThe radial crushing strength of the oil-impregnated bearing material determined on a plainsleeve bearing or a test specimen prepared from a flange or spherical bearing shall meet the minimum and maximum (if required)strength values listed in Tab

48、le 1.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 This standard is applicable to bronze-base PM sleeve and flange bearings having a 4 to 1 maximum length to insidediameter ratio and a 24 to 1 maximum length to wall thickness ratio.10.2 Sleeve, flange, thrust and spherical PM bearings covered

49、 by this specification are illustrated by Figs. 1-4. Most PMbearings are small and weigh less than one-quarter pound (100 g) but they can be produced in sizes that will accommodate shaftsup to approximately 8 in. (200 mm) in diameter.10.3 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within the tolerance limits shown on the bearing print accompanying theorder or shall be within the limits specified in the purchase order or contract. Dimensional tolerances of bearings for military orgovernment applications shall meet the r