ASTM B215-2010 Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders《金属粉末取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: B215 10Standard Practices forSampling Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These practices describe two procedures for obtainingsamples of metal powders for su

3、bsequent testing:1.1.1 Practice AFor powders being transferred fromblenders or storage tanks.1.1.2 Practice BFor powders already packaged in con-tainers.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th

4、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy3. Terminology3.1 Definitions Definitions of powder metallurgy termscan be found i

5、n Terminology B243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Vol02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Description of Terms (see Fig. 1):3.2.1 composite sampleblended entire gross sample.3.2.2 incrementquantity of powder obtained by a sam-pling devic

6、e at one time from a single lot.3.2.3 gross samplequantity of powder adequate for thetests to be performed, consisting of all the increments takenfrom a single lot.3.2.4 test samplequantity of powder taken from the com-posite sample for determining a single property or for prepar-ing the test pieces

7、. It should normally be taken by splitting thecomposite sample.3.2.5 test portion defined quantity of powder taken fromthe test sample on which the test is performed or from whichtest pieces are produced.4. Significance and Use4.1 Since many tests are performed using very smallamounts of powder, it

8、is most important that the test portionsbe obtained in a standardized manner. The practices describedhere take into account the possibility of segregation of themetal powder during and after filling of containers.PRACTICE AFOR POWDERS BEING TRANSFERRED FROMBLENDERS OR STORAGE TANKS5. Apparatus5.1 Re

9、ctangular Receptacle, capable of being moved com-pletely across the stream of flowing powder at a constant speedand having a length and width greater than the stream ofpowder. It must be large enough so that no overflow of powderoccurs when collecting the sample.1These practices are under the jurisd

10、iction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B215 08. DOI:10.15

11、20/B0215-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Scheme of Sampling1*A Summary of Changes s

12、ection appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Small Blender.5.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.5.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig. 3.6. Procedure6.1 Pass the rectangular receptacle at a constan

13、t speedcompletely through the stream of flowing powder. If the entirecontents of one lot of powder are being packed in a singlecontainer, take increments when the container is14 ,12 , and34filled. If several containers are to be filled by one lot of powder,take the first increment when the first con

14、tainer is12 filled, thesecond increment in the middle of the run, and the thirdincrement near the end of the run. Additional increments maybe agreed upon by the parties concerned. The total amountfrom all increments shall be adequate for the tests to beperformed. Combine the increments to obtain the

15、 gross sample.NOTE 1To investigate within-lot variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sample.6.2 Blend the gross sample in a small blender for 10 to 15revolutions to form a composite sample.6.3 Pass the composite sample through a sample splitter

16、 orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.6.4 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of asample splitter, or a sample spinning riffler.7. Frequency of Increments7.1 Take at least three increments for each lot of powder.The actual number depends on the size of the lot and thepowder

17、involved and shall be agreed upon by the partiesinvolved.PRACTICE BFOR POWDERS ALREADY PACKAGED INCONTAINERS8. Apparatus8.1 Keystone Sampler, see Fig. 4; or other appropriatesampling devicesee Fig. 58.2 Small Blender.8.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.8.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig. 3.9. Procedure9.1 Ob

18、tain a powder increment from the container usingeither of the following devices:9.1.1 Keystone SamplerInsert the Keystone sampler, inthe closed position, into the powder at a point about 70 % ofthe distance from the center of the cross-section to theperiphery and straight down to the bottom of the c

19、ontainer.9.1.2 Alternative Sampling Device Insert the samplingdevice (closed position) into the powder at the same locationindicated for the Keystone sampler to an appropriate depth forthe required sample.9.2 Open the sampler, allowing powder to flow into thesampler tube. Close the sampler tube when

20、 filled and remove itfrom the container.9.3 Empty the contents of the sampler either into a containeror onto a sheet of glazed or waxed paper.9.4 When a suitable number of increments have been taken,combine them to obtain the gross sample and blend them toobtain a composite sample.NOTE 2To investiga

21、te within-lot variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sample.9.5 Pass the composite sample through a sample splitter orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.9.6 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of asample splitter or a s

22、ample spinning riffler.10. Frequency of Increments10.1 See Table 1.The number of increments should be agreed upon by theconcerned parties.11. Keywords11.1 alternative sampler; blender; composite sample; Key-stone sampler; sample splitter; sampling segregationFIG. 2 Sample SplitterTABLE 1 Frequency o

23、f IncrementsNo. of Containersin the LotNo. of Containers to be Sampled(Randomly Selected)1to5 all6to11 512 to 20 621 to 35 736 to 60 861 to 99 9100 to 149 10150 to 199 11200 to 299 12300 to 399 13More than 400 13 + 1 per 100 additional containersB215 102NOTE 1Reprinted with permission from the Inter

24、national Journal ofPowder Metallurgy, 1997, Volume 33, Number 8, Page 40, Figure 6,APMI International, 105 College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.FIG. 3 Spinning Riffler-SchematicFIG. 4 Keystone SamplerB215 103SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to

25、this standard since the last issue (B215 08)that may impact the use of this standard.(1)In6.2 deleted the number of revolutions of the smallblender.(2)In8.1 included reference to another appropriate samplingdevice.(3) Rewrote the procedural sections to incorporate the use ofthe alternative sampling

26、device.(4) In the new 9.4 deleted the number of revolutions of thesmall blender.(5) Added a schematic of the alternative sampling device Fig. 5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of t

27、his standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five y

28、ears andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical comm

29、ittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19

30、428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 5 Alternative sampling deviceB215 104