ASTM B214-2016 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders《金属粉末筛分分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: B214 15B214 16Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metal

3、 powders, using sieves with openings ranging from 45 to 1000850micrometres.1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of mechanical sieve shaker (see 5.25.2).). Other types of sieve shakers arealso available, but their precision and reproducibility have not been determined.1.3 The values sta

4、ted in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety

5、 and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelB215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powde

6、r MetallurgyB329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott VolumeterB417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney FunnelB703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter

7、E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media2.2 MPIF Standard:MPIF 05 Determination of Sieve Analysis of Met

8、al Powders33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful definitions of terms relating to powder metallurgy are found in B243 and those relating to sieve analysisare found in E1638.4. Significance and Use4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects its behavior in P/M processing and other appl

9、ications of thesematerials. The test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an internalquality control test for either.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesSelect a set of standard sieves from the table entitled, “U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves.” These shall c

10、onform toSpecification E11 and be 203 mm in diameter. In addition to the sieves listed in Table 1, a cover and collection pan are alsorequired.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

11、 B09.02on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015April 1, 2016. Published November 2015April 2016. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 asB214 07B214(2011). 15. DOI: 10.1520/B0214-15.10.1520/B0214-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM we

12、bsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 085

13、40, http:/www.mpif.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that

14、users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con

15、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1The 203 mm diameter sieve is most commonly referenced as an 8 in. diameter sieve. 8 in. diameter sieves do not nest with 200 mm diametersieves.5.2 Sieve ShakerA mechanically operated, single eccentric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of

16、 sieves a rotarymotion and a tapping action of uniform speed. The number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300. The number oftaps per minute shall be between 140 and 160. The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be fitted with a shock absorbing plugto receive the impact of the tapp

17、ing device. The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to a solid foundation,preferably of concrete.NOTE 2Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.5.3 BalanceA balance readable to 0.01 g, with a minimum capacity of 150 g, to be used for determining the mass of the testportion and

18、retained portions to the nearest 0.1 g.6. Test Portion6.1 The size of the test portion shall be 90 to 110 g for any metal powder having an apparent density greater than or equal to1.50 g/cm3 when determined in accordance with Test Method B212, B329, B417, or B703. A portion of 40 to 60 g shall be us

19、edwhen the apparent density of the powder is less than 1.50 g/cm3. The test portion should be obtained in accordance with PracticesB215.7. Procedure7.1 Examine the sieves to make sure that they are not damaged and are clean.7.2 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutive order by the size o

20、f their openings, with the coarsest sieve at the top,the assembly being completed by a solid collecting pan below the bottom sieve. Place the test portion on the top sieve and closethis sieve with a solid cover. Then fasten the sieve assembly securely in the sieve shaker and operate the machine for

21、a period of15 minutes.NOTE 3For some materials, for example brittle and friable materials, the 15 minutes may be too long. Sieving time may be adjusted for such materials,and the actual time used should be reported along with the test data.7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves by

22、 removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping itscontents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper. Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieve andthe lower frame with a soft brush into the next finer sieve. Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the paper

23、 containing theportion that had been retained on it, and brush the back side of the sieve with the flat side of the brush so as to dislodge any particlesthat may have been wedged in the screen openings, by pushing to the upper side of the screen. Weigh this fraction to the nearest0.1 g and remove it

24、 from the balance. Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest. Remove the fraction collected in the pan andweigh. The sum of the masses of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of the mass of the test portion. Add the differencebetween this sum and the mass of the test portion (in accord

25、ance with Section 6) to the mass of the fraction collected in the pan.TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test SievesSieveNumber Sieve Opening (m)20 85040 42560 25080 180100 150140 106200 75230 63325 45B214 162NOTE 4If the sum is less than 99 %, check the condition of the screens and the pan and also check

26、 for possible errors in weighing. Repeat the testif error persists.8. Report8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on each sieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, as percentagesof the mass of the test portion to the nearest 0.1 %, and report them in the form shown in Tabl

27、e 2. Report any fraction that is lessthan 0.1 % of the mass of the test portion as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0”. Report the actual time period ofsieving, if it is different than 15 minutes.9. Precision and Bias49.1 Precision:9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysi

28、s of metal powders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedures containedin MPIF Standard 05 (1992). Each of twelve laboratories made three tests on four powder samples using each of two sets of sieves.One set of sieves was a standard set that was circulated to each laboratory in turn. A second set

29、 of sieves was chosen by eachlaboratory from its in-house sieve stock. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data. The details are givenin MPPA Research Report MPPA R-05-95.39.1.2 There were five U.S. Standard Series sieves in each sieve nest: 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh, 200

30、 mesh, and 325 meshplus a cover and a pan.9.1.3 The precision information given in 9.1.4 9.1.7 covers the percent retained between any pair of sieves, the percentretained on the coarsest sieve, the percent passing the finest sieve, and the cumulative percentages calculated from all sieves ofgreater

31、openings above any sieve in the set.9.1.4 The 95 % repeatability limit, r, (within a laboratory) is represented by the equation:r 50.410.033SF# (1)where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.9.1.5 The 95 % reproducibility limit, R, (between laboratories) is smaller for the circulated sieves

32、than for the in-house sieves.For in-house sieves R can be calculated from the following equations:R 51.210.153SF# for SF# from 0to 22 (2)R 54.5 for SF# from 22.1 to 50 (3)where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.For circulated sieves (or by analogy matched sieves obtained by two laborator

33、ies) R can be calculated from the followingequations:R 50.310.0643SF# for SF# from 0to 30 (4)R 52.2 for SF# from 30.1 to 50 (5)Where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.9.1.6 Duplicate results from the same laboratory should be considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless they

34、 differby more than r, the repeatability interval.9.1.7 Duplicate results from the different laboratories should be considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless theydiffer by more than R, the reproducibility interval.9.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias in Test Method B21

35、4 for measuring sieve analysis because no materialsis universally accepted as a standard reference material.4 The precision contained in this standard was determined by the Metal Powder Producers Association Standards Committee of the Metal Powder Industries Federationfor MPIF Standard 05. The preci

36、sion is used herein with the permission of the Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 085406692, USA.TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-MeshPowderU.S. Standard SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % ByMass180 + 80 .# 180 150 80 + 100 .# 150 106

37、100 + 140 .# 106 75 140 + 200 .# 75 45 200 + 325 .# 45 325 .B214 1639.3 Measurement UncertaintyThe precision of this test method shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting results.10. Keywords10.1 mesh designation number; particle size; screened fraction; sieves; U.S. standard se

38、riesAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIEVE COMPLIANCEMASTER SETX1.1 Compliance, inspection, and calibration sieves conforming to Specification E11 can be obtained from the sievemanufacturers. If used continually, the sieves will, after a period of time, become less accurate and might no longe

39、r meet therequirements set in Specification E11.Acommon acceptable practice would be to use either inspection- or calibration-grade sievesas a master set for quality control of compliance-grade working sieves. By comparing sieve tests on the same sample, run in boththe master set and the working set

40、, a factor can be established for correcting results on the working sieves. Over time, the correctingresults should continually be evaluated. Replacement of working sieves is required if a change of 3% in correcting results ispresent.X2. MATCHED SIEVESX2.1 To correlate sieve results from two differe

41、nt locations, manufacturers and customers may use a reference powder to createcorrecting results as explained in Appendix X1.X3. SIEVE SERIES GUIDELINESX3.1 Suggested combinations of sieves are given in Table X3.1 for several nominal mesh size metal powders.TABLE X3.1 Suggested Sieve Series for Meta

42、l PowdersNominalPowderMesh Size20 40 60 100 140 200 325Standard20 U U40 U U USeries60 U U U80 USieve100 U U U U U140 U U U U200 U U U U U U U230 U U325 U U U U U UPan U U U U U U UB214 164SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last

43、issue (B21415)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2016.)(1) The maximum sieve opening has been changed from 1000 to 850 micrometres in Section 1.1 in order to match the maximumsize shown in Table 1.(2) The description of the balance in Section 5.3 has been rewritten to confo

44、rm to B09 Form and Style.Committee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(B21407(2011) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved October 1, 2015.)(1) In Table 1, reference to the “New” U.S. Series has been deleted and the columns for the O

45、ld U.S. Series and Tyler Series havealso been deleted.(2) Test specimen has been changed to test portion throughout the document.(3) The word “new” has been deleted from the U.S. Standard Series in Table 2 and examples of the Old U.S. Series and TylerSieveSeries have also been deleted.(4) In Appendi

46、x X1, Certified Sieves Master Set has been changed to Sieve ComplianceMaster Set and in Appendix X2 thesection on Matched Sieves has been revised.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of

47、 this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five

48、 years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical com

49、mittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through