ASTM B214-2015 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders《金属粉末的筛分分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: B214 07 (Reapproved 2011)B214 15Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio

2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analys

3、is of metal powders or mixed powders, using sieves with openings ranging from45 to 1000 micrometers.micrometres.1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of mechanical sieve shaker (see 5.2). Other types of sieve shakers are alsoavailable, but their precision and reproducibility have not be

4、en determined.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard

5、 to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelB215 Practices for Sampling Metal

6、PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott VolumeterB417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney FunnelB703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related

7、Compounds Using the Arnold MeterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media2.2 MPIF Standard:MPIF 05 Determ

8、ination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful definitions of terms relating to powder metallurgy are found in B243 and those relating to sieve analysisare found in E1638.4. Significance and Use4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects its behavior

9、in P/M processing and other applications of thesematerials. The test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an internalquality control test for either.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesSelect a set of standard sieves from the table entitled, “Nominal Dimensio

10、ns, Permissible Variations for Wire Clothof StandardTest Sieves (U.S.A.) Standard Sieves,” of“U.S. Standard SeriesTest Sieves.”These shall conform to Specification E11,1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct respo

11、nsibility of Subcommittee B09.02on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2011 November 2015. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20072011as B214 07.B214 07(2011). DOI: 10.1520/B0214-07R11.10.1520/B0214-15.2 For referencedAS

12、TM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road Ea

13、st, Princeton, NJ 08540, http:/www.mpif.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,

14、ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1or t

15、he equivalent Tyler standard sieves. The sieves shall be 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter and either 25 or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) in depth,and fitted with bronze, brass, stainless steel, or other suitable wire cloth. The U.S. sieves given in the table entitled, “U.S. StandardSeries Test Sieves and Equivalent

16、Tyler Standard Sieves,” of this test method shall conform to Specification and be 203 mm indiameter. In addition to E11. If Tyler standard sieves are substituted, they shall conform to the permissible variations given thesieves listed in Table 1the table entitled, “Nominal Dimensions, Permissible Va

17、riations for Wire Cloth of Standard Test Sieves(U.S.A.) Standard Sieves” of Specification , a cover and collection pan are also required. E11.NOTE 1The new U.S. Series standard sieves, adopted in 1970, are the preferred sieves to use. The old U.S. Series standard sieves and equivalentsieves manufact

18、ured by other companies, such as Tyler, may also be used if the new U.S. Series is not available. Care should be taken to make sure thatsieve opening sizes are correct when performing standardization work203 mm diameter sieve is most commonly referenced as an 8 in. diameter sieve.8 in. diameter siev

19、es do not nest with 200 mm. diameter sieves.5.2 Sieve ShakerAmechanically operated, single eccentric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of sieves a rotarymotion and a tapping action of uniform speed. The number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300. The number oftaps p

20、er minute shall be between 140 and 160. The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be fitted with a shock absorbing plugto receive the impact of the tapping device. The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by bolting to a solid foundation,preferably of concrete.NOTE 2Use of a sound proof enclo

21、sure is recommended.5.3 BalanceAbalance having a capacity of at least 150 g and a sensitivity of 0.01 readable to 0.01 g, with a minimum capacityof 150 g, to be used for determining the mass of the test portion and retained portions to the nearest 0.1 g.6. Test SpecimenPortion6.1 The size of the tes

22、t specimenportion shall be 90 to 110 g for any metal powder having an apparent density greater than orequal to 1.50 g/cm3 when determined in accordance with Test Method B212, B329, B417, or B703. A specimenportion of 40 to60 g shall be used when the apparent density of the powder is less than 1.50 g

23、/cm3. The test specimenportion should be obtainedin accordance with Practices B215.7. Procedure7.1 Examine the sieves to make sure that they are not damaged and are clean.7.2 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutive order by the size of their openings, with the coarsest sieve at the top,

24、the assembly being completed by a solid collecting pan below the bottom sieve. Place the test specimenportion on the top sieveand close this sieve with a solid cover. Then fasten the sieve assembly securely in the sieve shaker and operate the machine fora period of 15 minutes.TABLE 1 U.S. Standard S

25、eries Test Sieves and Equivalent TylerStandard SievesSieveNumberSieve Opening (m)New U.S.SeriesOld U.S.Series Tyler Series20 850 841 83335 41740 425 420 60 250 250 25080 180 177 175100 150 149 147140 106 105 150 104200 75 74 74230 63 63 250 63325 45 44 45TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test SievesSieve

26、Number Sieve Opening (m)20 85040 42560 25080 180100 150140 106200 75230 63325 45B214 152NOTE 3For some materials, for example brittle and friable materials, the 15 minutes may be too long. Sieving time may be adjusted for such materials,and the actual time used should be reported along with the test

27、 data.7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves by removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping itscontents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper. Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieve andthe lower frame with a soft brush into the next

28、 finer sieve. Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the paper containing theportion that had been retained on it, and brush the back side of the sieve with the flat side of the brush so as to dislodge any particlesthat may have been wedged in the screen openings, by pushing to the upper side of

29、 the screen. Weigh this fraction to the nearest0.1 g and remove it from the balance. Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest. Remove the fraction collected in the pan andweigh. The sum of the masses of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of the mass of the test specimen.portion. Add

30、 thedifference between this sum and the mass of the test specimenportion (in accordance with Section 6) to the mass of the fractioncollected in the pan.NOTE 4If the sum is less than 99 %, check the condition of the screens and the pan and also check for possible errors in weighing. Repeat the testif

31、 error persists.8. Report8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on each sieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, as percentagesof the mass of the test specimenportion to the nearest 0.1 %, and report them in the form shown in Table 2. Report any fractionthat is less than 0

32、.1 % of the mass of the test specimenportion as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0”. Report the actualtime period of sieving, if it is different than 15 minutes.8.2 Interpretation of this report should be made with reference to Specification E11 in which the dimensional tolerances o

33、fstandard sieves are specified.9. Precision and Bias49.1 Precision:9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysis of metal powders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedures containedin MPIF Standard 05 (1992). Each of twelve laboratories made three tests on four powder samples using each o

34、f two sets of sieves.One set of sieves was a standard set that was circulated to each laboratory in turn. A second set of sieves was chosen by eachlaboratory from its in-house sieve stock. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data. The details are givenin MPPA Research Repor

35、t MPPA R-05-95.34 The precision contained in this standard was determined by the Metal Powder Producers Association Standards Committee of the Metal Powder Industries Federationfor MPIF Standard 05. The precision is used herein with the permission of the Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 Colle

36、ge Road East, Princeton,NJ Princeton, NJ085406692, USA.TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-MeshPowderNew U.S. Standard SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % ByMass180 + 80 .# 180 150 80 + 100 .# 150 106 100 + 140 .# 106 75 140 + 200 .# 75 45 200 + 325 .# 45 325 .Old U.S. Standar

37、d SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % By Mass 177 + 80 .# 177 149 80 + 100 .# 149 105 100 + 140 .# 105 74 140 + 200 .# 74 44 200 + 325 .# 44 325 .Tyler Standard Sieve SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % By Mass 175 + 80 .# 175 147 80 + 100 .# 147 104 100 + 150 .# 104 74 150 + 200 .# 74 45 200

38、+ 325 .# 45 325 .B214 1539.1.2 There were five U.S. Standard Series standard sieves in each sieve nest: 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh, 200 mesh, and325 mesh plus a cover and a pan.9.1.3 The precision information given in -9.1.4 9.1.7 covers the percent retained between any pair of sieves, the percentr

39、etained on the coarsest sieve, the percent passing the finest sieve, and the cumulative percentages calculated from all sieves ofgreater openings above any sieve in the set.9.1.4 The 95 % repeatability limit, r, (within a laboratory) is represented by the equation:r 50.410.033SF# (1)where SF is the

40、% retained on the sieve of interest.9.1.5 The 95 % reproducibility limit, R, (between laboratories) is smaller for the circulated sieves than for the in-house sieves.For in-house sieves R can be calculated from the following equations:R 51.210.153SF# for SF# from 0to 22 (2)R 54.5 for SF# from 22.1 t

41、o 50 (3)where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.For circulated sieves (or by analogy matched sieves obtained by two laboratories) R can be calculated from the followingequations:R 50.310.0643SF# for SF# from 0to 30 (4)R 52.2 for SF# from 30.1 to 50 (5)Where SF is the % retained on the si

42、eve of interest.9.1.6 Duplicate results from the same laboratory should be considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless they differby more than r, the repeatability interval.9.1.7 Duplicate results from the different laboratories should be considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence le

43、vel unless theydiffer by more than R, the reproducibility interval.9.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias in Test Method B214 for measuring sieve analysis since there arenobecause no materials is universally accepted standard sieves.as a standard reference material.9.3 Measurement uncer

44、taintyUncertaintyThe precision of this test method shall be considered by those performing the testwhen reporting results.10. Keywords10.1 mesh designation number; particle size; screened fraction; sieves; Tyler; U.S. standard seriesB214 154APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CERTIFIED SIEVESMAS

45、TER SETSIEVE COMPLIANCEMASTER SETX1.1 Sieves Compliance, inspection, and calibration sieves conforming to Specification E11 can be obtained from the sievemanufacturers, and arrangements can be made through them to have the sieves certified by the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (former

46、ly the National Bureau of Standards).manufacturers. If used continually, the sieves will, after a period of time,become less accurate and might no longer be acceptable as certified sieves. Themeet the requirements set in SpecificationE11common practice, which would be considered acceptable according

47、 to this standard, . A common acceptable practice wouldbe to use the certified either inspection- or calibration-grade sieves as a master set for checking other working sets ofquality controlof compliance-grade working sieves. By comparing sieve tests on the same sample, run in both the master set a

48、nd the workingset, a factor can be established for correcting results on the working sieves. Over time, the correcting results should continuallybe evaluated. Replacement of working sieves is required if a change of 3% in correcting results is present.X2. MATCHED SIEVESX2.1 The use of a matched set

49、of sieves, established through use of aTo correlate sieve results from two different locations,manufacturers and customers may use a reference powder to create correcting results as explained in Appendix X1standardpowder, is recommended when closer correlation of tests between supplier and consumer is desired. .X3. SIEVE SERIES GUIDELINESX3.1 Suggested combinations of sieves are given in Table X3.1 for several nominal mesh size metal powders.ASTM International takes no position respecting the val