ASTM A877 A877M-2005 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Chromium-Silicon Alloy Valve Spring Quality《阀簧级铬硅合金钢丝的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 877/A 877M 05Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy Valve Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 877/A 877M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of roundchromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform i

3、nquality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valvesprings and other springs requiring high-fatigue propertieswhen used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shallbe either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-temperedcondition as specified by purchaser.1.2 The values stated in eith

4、er SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independent of the other.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 37

5、0 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in T

6、est Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof Steel2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)2.3 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage2.4 AIAG Standar

7、d:4AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information for each ordered item:3.1.1 Quantity (mass),3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel valvespring quality

8、 wire),3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-tion 13), and3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.NOTE 1A typical ordering descri

9、ption is as follows: 20 000-kgoil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring quality wire, size6.00 mm in 150-kg coils to ASTM _ dated _, or for inch-pound units,40 000-lb oil-tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring qualitywire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM _ dated _ .4.

10、 Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel making process. The steel shall be continuously cast.4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipeand undue segregation.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemica

11、lcomposition specified in Table 2.5.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed bythe manufacturer to determine the percentage of elementsprescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a testspecimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.When requested, this shall be repor

12、ted to the purchaser andshall conform to the requirements of Table 2.5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The average of all the separate determinations made shall bewithin the limits specified in the analysis column. Individu

13、aldeterminations may vary to the extent shown in the product1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published M

14、arch 2005. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 877/A 877M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum

15、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50984Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.1*A Summary of Changes section a

16、ppears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.analysis tolerance column, except that the several determina-tions of a single element in any one heat shall not vary bothabove and below the specified

17、 range.5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751 shall be used.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnWhen purchased in theannealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have beengiven a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-ers coiling re

18、quirements and shall be in a suitable condition torespond properly to heat treatment. In special cases thehardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.6.2 Oil TemperedWhen purchased in the oil-temperedcondition, the tensile strength and % R.A. shall conform to therequirements prescrib

19、ed in Table 3.6.2.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.2.2 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.6.2.3 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance

20、with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.6.3 Wrap Test:6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 4.00 mm 0.162 in.and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor withoutbreakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm0.312 in. in diameter shall wrap without breakage on amandrel twice t

21、he wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-cable to wire over 8.00 mm 0.312 in. in diameter.6.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.6.3.3 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeith

22、er end of the coil.6.3.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.6.4 Special Surface InspectionWhen specified, the entirelength of every coil shall be inspected for surface imperfectionswith a magnetic or eddy current defect analyzer, or both, or

23、equivalent. The defect depth of this surface inspection shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Alldetected defects shall be properly marked so the purchaser hasthe ability to identify and discard that length of wire.7. Metallurgical Requirements7.1 Surface Condition:7.1.1 Th

24、e surface of the wire as received shall be free ofimperfections such as pits, die marks, scratches, seams, andother defects tending to impair the fatigue value of the springs.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be takenfrom each end of every coil.7.1.3 Test MethodThe surface shall be examin

25、ed afteretching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid andwater that has been heated to approximately 80C for up to 2min in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wiresurface. Test ends shall be examined using 103 magnification.7.2 Decarburization:7.2.1 Transverse sections of the

26、wire properly mounted,polished, and etched shall show no completely decarburized(carbon-free) areas when examined at a magnification of 100diameters. Partial decarburization shall not exceed a depth ofTABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire DiameterASI UnitsDiameter, mm Permissible Varia-tions, 6mmPe

27、rmissible Out-ofRound, mm0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.03 0.03Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Permissible Varia-tions, 6 in.Permissible Out-ofRound, in.0.020 to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.

28、0015 0.0015AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Recommended Practice E29.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsAnalysis, % Product AnalysisTolerance, %Carbon 0.510.59 60.02Manganese 0.500.80 60.03Phosphorus 0.025 max 60.005Sulfur 0.0

29、25 max 60.005Silicon 1.201.60 60.05Chromium 0.600.80 60.03TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsASI UnitsDiameter,mmMPa,minMPa,maxMin% R.A.B0.5 2100 2280 b1.0 2070 2240 b1.5 2030 2210 b2.0 2000 2140 453.0 1930 2070 453.75 1900 2030 404.5 1830 1970 405.0 1810 1950 405.7 1800 1930 406.3 1760 1900 407.9 1730 186

30、0 409.5 1690 1830 40Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ksi,minksi,maxMin %R.A.B0.020 305 330 b0.040 300 325 b0.060 295 320 b0.080 290 310 450.120 280 300 450.148 275 295 400.177 265 285 400.200 263 283 400.225 260 280 400.250 255 275 400.312 250 270 400.375 245 265 40ATensile strength values for intermedia

31、te diameters may be interpolated.Bb % R.A. is not applicable to wire diameters under .080 (2.0 mm).A 877/A 877M 0520.025 mm 0.001 in. on wire 5.00 mm 0.192 in. and smaller,or 0.038 mm 0.0015 in. on larger than 5.00 mm 0.192 in.7.2.2 To reveal the decarburization more accurately inuntempered wire, th

32、e specimen shall be hardened and temperedbefore microscopic examination. Prior to hardening, the speci-men shall be filed flat on one side enough to reduce thediameter at least 20 %. The subsequent mounted specimenshall show the flattened section, as well as the original wireedge. Any decarburizatio

33、n on this flattened section shallnecessitate a new specimen for examination.7.2.3 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot.7.2.4 Location of TestsTest specimens may be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.3 Inclusion Content:7.3.1 The inclusion

34、content of the wire or wire rod in theworst case shall not exceed the limits shown in Table 4 asdescribed in Test Methods E45, Plate I-r, Method D, exceptthat alternate methodologies are acceptable upon agreementbetween purchaser and supplier provided minimum require-ments are not lower than those o

35、f Test Methods E45, MethodD.7.3.1.1 If any coil exceeds the limits listed in Table 4, allcoils in the lot will be inspected. Each coil that fails to meet therequirements will be rejected.7.3.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in the lot.7.3.3 Loc

36、ation of TestsTest specimens may be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.3.4 Test MethodA longitudinal section approximately12.7 mm 0.5 in. long shall be ground to the centerline andproperly mounted and polished. Examination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods E45.7.3.5 Upon agreement by the

37、purchaser and supplier, theinclusion requirements may be waived.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 1.8.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken fromeach end of every coil.9. Workmanship, Finish, an

38、d Appearance9.1 Annealed and Cold DrawnThe wire shall not bekinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutionsof wire shall be cut loose from the coil and placed on a flatsurface. The wire shall lie substantially flat on itself and notspring up nor show a wavy condition.9.2 Oil Tempered

39、The wire shall be uniform in quality andtemper and shall not be wavy or crooked.9.3 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wireproperly coiled and firmly tied.9.4 No welds are permitted in the finished product and anywelds made during processing must be removed.10. Retests10.1 If any test speci

40、men exhibits obvious defects it may bediscarded and another specimen substituted.11. Inspection11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion. Except as othe

41、rwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the in

42、spections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to ensure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with these specifications s

43、hall be reportedto the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.12.2 The material must be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contra

44、ct, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test r

45、esults shall befurnished.13.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.14. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment14.1 The coil mass, dimensions, and the method of packag-ing shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurch

46、aser.TABLE 4 Maximum Inclusion ContentNOTE 1The surface zone is from the wire surface to13 radius deep. The core is the balance.Zone Inclusion TypeABCDThin Heavy Thin Heavy Thin Heavy Thin HeavySurface111111Core 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1A 877/A 877M 05314.2 The size of the wire, purchasers order number, ASTMs

47、pecification number, heat number, and name or mark of themanufacturer shall be marked on a tag securely attached toeach coil of wire.14.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging, marking, and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by Practi

48、cesA 700.14.4 For Government ProcurementPackaging, packing,and marking of material for military procurement shall be inaccordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-163, Level A,Level C, or commercial as specified in the contract or purchaseorder. Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies sh

49、allbe in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.14.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously-stated iden-tification requirements, bar coding is acceptable as a supple-mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consistentwith AIAG B-5 02.00, Primary Metals Identification TagApplication. The bar code may be applied to a substantiallyaffixed tag.15. Keywords15.1 alloy; chromium-silicon; valve spring; wireSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last i