ASTM A350 A350M-2004a Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components.pdf

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1、Designation: A 350/A 350M 04aStandard Specification forCarbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring NotchToughness Testing for Piping Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 350/A 350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption

2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sco

3、pe*1.1 This specification2covers several grades of carbon andlow-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings andvalves intended primarily for low-temperature service andrequiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specifieddimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the AS

4、MEand API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although thisspecification covers some piping components machined fromrolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 5.3.3), it does notcover raw material produced in these product forms.1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability ofthe

5、manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. How-ever, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in thequenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition.1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is desired. These shall applyonly when specified by t

6、he purchaser in the order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or

7、SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the

8、specifi-cation.NOTE 1Refer to Test Methods and Definitions A 370 for notes onsignificance of notched-bar impact testing.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-mentsA

9、961 Specification for Common Requirements for SteelFlanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for PipingApplications2.2 ASME Standards:B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings4B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fit-tings4B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-rous V

10、alves4B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding andThreaded4B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions4B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End4B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges42.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:Section IX Welding Qualifications22.4 AWS Standards:A 5.1

11、Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes52.5 API Standards:6600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for RefineryUse1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on S

12、teel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved October 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallya

13、pproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 350/A 350M 04.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv

14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.5Available from The American Wel

15、ding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126.6Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

16、PA 19428-2959, United States.605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. In addition to the ordering information guidelines inSpecification A 961, orders sh

17、ould include the following infor-mation:3.1.1 The number of test reports required (see Section 14).3.1.2 Additional requirements (see Table 1 footnotes).4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A 961, including any supple-me

18、ntary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order.Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specifica-tion A 961 constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In case of conflict between the requirements of this specifica-tion and Specification A 961, this specification shall

19、 prevail.5. Manufacture5.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be produced by any ofthe following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen,electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). Theprimary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin-ing, and may be followed by secondary melting

20、using electro-slag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.5.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to orduring pouring of the ingot.5.2 DiscardA sufficient discard shall be made to securefreedom from injurious piping and un

21、due segregation.5.3 Forging Process:5.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged,rolled, or strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars.5.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined inthe Terminology section of Specification A 788.5.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, ho

22、llow, cylindrically-shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamlesstubular materials provided that the axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock.Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machinedfrom hot-rolled or forged bar up through

23、and including NPS4.Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not bemachined directly from bar stock.5.4 Heat Treatment:5.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heattreatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantiallybelow the transformation range.5.4.2 Forgings of grades oth

24、er than Grade LF787 shall befurnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tem-pered, or in the quenched and tempered condition described bythe following procedures:5.4.2.1 NormalizeHeat to a temperature that produces anaustenitic structure, holding sufficient time to attain uniformtemperatur

25、e throughout. Cool uniformly in still air.5.4.2.2 Normalize and TemperSubsequent to normalize,reheat to 1100 F 590 C minimum, holding at temperature aminimum of 30 min/in. 30 min/25 mm of maximum thick-ness, but in no case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.5.4.2.3 Quench and TemperThe procedure fo

26、r quenchingshall consist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgingsfollowed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or (2) usinga multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fullyaustenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partiallyreaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suita

27、ble liquidmedium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered by reheatingto a temperature between 1100 F 590 C and the lowertransformation temperature, holding at temperature a minimumof 30 min/in. 30 min/25 mm of maximum thickness but in nocase less than 30 min. Cool in still air.5.4.3 Grade LF787 for

28、gings shall be furnished in either thenormalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in thequenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heattreatment procedures shall be as follows:5.4.3.1 Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat TreatedHeatto a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725

29、F 870 to 940C, hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attainuniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature fornot less than12 h, and remove from the furnace and cool in air.Subsequently, heat to a temperature in the range from 1000 toTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition

30、, wt. %Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade LF6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07Manganese 0.601.35 0.601.35 0.90 max 0.601.35 1.151.50 0.401.06 0.400.70Phosphorus,max0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0

31、.025SiliconA0.150.30 0.150.30 0.200.35 0.200.35 0.150.30 . 0.40 maxNickel 0.40 maxB0.40 maxB3.33.7 1.02.0 0.40 maxB1.602.24 0.701.00Chromium 0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxC0.30 maxC0.30 maxB,C0.30 maxC0.600.90Molybdenum 0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxC0.12 maxC0.12 maxB,C0.12 maxC0.150.25Copper 0.40

32、maxB0.40 maxB0.40 maxC0.40 maxC0.40 maxB0.751.25 1.001.30Columbium 0.02 maxD0.02 maxD0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 minVanadium 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.040.11 0.03 max 0.03 maxNitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.010.030 . . . . . .AWhen vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by

33、 Supplementary Requirement S4, the silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum.BThe sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.CThe sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.DBy agreement, the limit for columbium may be

34、 increased up to 0.05 % on heat analysis and 0.06 % on product analysis.A 350/A 350M 04a21200 F 540 to 650 C, soak at the temperature for not lessthan12 h, and cool at any convenient rate.5.4.3.2 Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat TreatedHeat toa temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725 F 870 to 940C

35、, hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attainuniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature fornot less than12 h and quench in a suitable liquid medium byimmersion; reheat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to1225 F 540 to 665 C, hold at the temperature for not lessthan12 h

36、, and cool at any convenient rate.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Heat Analysis:6.1.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifi-cation A 961 shall be made and conform to the requirements asto chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Leaded steelsshall not be permitted.6.2 Product Analysis:6.

37、2.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on prod-ucts supplied to this specification in accordance with Specifi-cation A 961.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Tests:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to require-ments for tensile properties in Table 2.7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall

38、be obtained from a rough orfinished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under10 000 lbs, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained fromseparately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as theproduction forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forgingin a manner similar to

39、that for the products represented, andshall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc-tion and the same heat treatment as the finished productsrepresented. The test material shall be treated in the samefurnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject tothe requirements of 7.

40、1.2.1.7.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings fromthe same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick-nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blankby more than14 in. 6 mm.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne tension test at room tempera-ture shall be made in accordance wit

41、h 7.1.1.2 from each heat ineach heat-treatment load.7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuousor a batch-type furnace controlled within 625 F 614 C ofthe required heat-treatment temperature and equipped withrecording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-ment are avail

42、able and if the same heat-treating cycles are usedon the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tensiontest from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension testfrom each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with7.1.1.2.7.1.3 Test Locations and OrientationsThe test spec

43、imenshall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging ortest blank, at locations described in 7.1.3.1, 7.1.3.2, 7.1.3.5 oras close to these locations as practical, subject to forging sizeand geometry.7.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximumheat-treated thickness, T, of 2 in. 50 m

44、m or less, thelongitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken atmid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. 50 mmfrom a second heat treated surface, exclusive of the T dimen-sion surfaces. (This is normally referred to as12 T by 2 in. 50mm).7.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks havi

45、ng a maximumheat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. 50 mm, the centralaxis of the test specimen shall be taken at least14 T from theTABLE 2 Tensile Properties at Room TemperatureAGradesLF1 and LF5Class 1LF2Classes1 and 2LF3Classes 1and 2LF5Class 2LF6 LF9 LF787Class 1 Classes 2and 3Class 2 Clas

46、s 3Tensile strength, ksi MPa 608541558570954856557095485655669145563075100515690638843560565854505857595515655Yield strength, min, ksi MPaB,C30 205 36 250 37.5 260 52 360 60 415 46 315 55 380 65 450Elongation:Standard round specimen, orsmall proportional specimen,min % in4D gage length25 22 22 22 20

47、 25 20 20Strip specimen for wall thickness516 in. 7.94 mm and overand for all small sizes testedin full section; min % in 2 in.50 mm28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28Equation for calculating minelongation for strip specimensthinner than516 in. 7.94 mm;min % in 2 in. 50 mmt = actual thickness in inches48t +13 4

48、8t +15 48t +15 48t +15 48t +13 48t +13 48t +13 48t +13Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45ASee 7.3 for hardness tests.BDetermined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.CFor round specimens only.A 350/A 350M 04a3nearest heat-treated surface and at lea

49、st T or 4 in. 100 mm,whichever is less, from any second heat-treated surface. Forquenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of the testspecimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treatedsurface. See Fig. 1 for test specimen location in separatelyforged test blanks for quenched and tempered forgings.7.1.3.3 Metal BuffersThe required distances from heattreated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead ofintegral expansio