ANSI IEEE C62.2-1987 Guide for the Application of Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Systems.pdf

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1、 ANSI/IEEE C62.2-1987An American National StandardIEEE Guide for the Application of Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current SystemsSponsorSurge Protective Devices Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved March 12, 1987IEEE Standards BoardApproved February 4, 1988A

2、merican National Standards InstituteCopyright 1988 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without theprior written permission o

3、f the publisher.IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. T

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10、For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secr

11、etary, IEEE Standards Board345 East 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017USAIEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard towhether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assumeany liabili

12、ty to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standardsdocuments.iiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE Std C.62.2-1987 IEEE Guide for the Application of Gapped Silicon-Carbide SurgeArresters for Alternating Current Systems).This guide suppl

13、ements ANSI/IEEE Std C62.1-1984, American National Standard for Surge Arresters for AlternatingCurrent Power Circuits, to assist users in the selection and application of surge arresters.This document is a revision of ANSI C62.2-1981. Revisions include:1) A modication in the title of the guide, subs

14、tituting Gapped Silicon-Carbide for Valve-Type, todistinguish it from a guide for the application of metal-oxide surge arresters.2) A new section 3.12, Protection of Gas-Insulated Substations, has been added.3) Sections 2.1.1, 3.10, 4.7, and 4.10 have been rewritten.4) Appendix A has been updated, a

15、s well as Tables 1 and 6, which has been renumbered as Table 7 and modiedto include the Heavy Duty Distribution Surge Arrester.5) Denitions D4.4 and D4.5 have been revised and renumbered D5.3 and D5.4 respectively (the original D4.3was deleted).6) New references were added, consistent with new and r

16、evised sections.7) A new Appendix E, Coefcient of grounding (COG) Calculations, has been added.8) A new Appendix F, Arrester Stroke CurrentsArresters Connected to Distribution Lines, has been added.This document was processed by Working Group 3.4.14 of the Application of Surge Protective DevicesSubc

17、ommittee, Surge Protective Devices Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.At the time the work on the revision was completed, Working Group 3.4.14 consisted of the following members:S.S. Kershaw, Jr, Chair R. D. BallC. L. BallentineR. G. BlackJ. G. DaltonJ. P. DupontH. E. FoelkerD. E. Hedma

18、nA. R. HilemanM. HirakamiD. W. JacksonJ. L. KoepfingerF. LemboW. A. MaguireE. F. MarchbankD. J. MelvoldY. I. MusaV. B. Nolan*J. C. OsterhoutV. PargaonkarR. G. ReedG. SchmittK. B. StumpA. SweetanaE. R. Taylor, JrA. C. WestromC. W. Williams, JrOther contributors were:J. J. ArchambaultR. DuogherJ. Graz

19、anR. F. GustinS. Y. M. HungC. P. HerigW. NeugebauerW. D. NiebuhrJ. D. M. PhelpsE. C. Sakshaug*DeceasedivMembers of the Surge Protective Devices Committee and the Application of Surge Protective Devices Subcommitteeeligible to ballot on this revised Guide were as follows:R. D. Ball(Surge Protective D

20、evices Committee), Chair K. B. Stump(Application of Surge Protective Devices Subcommittee), Chair R. D. BallC. L. BallentineF. G. BergR. G. BlackG. D. BreuerJ. J. BurkeE. J. CohenD. C. DawsonR. W. FlugumH. E. FoelkerG. L. GaibrosE. A. GoodmanC. D. HansellG. S. HaralampuD. E. HedmanJ. A. HetrickA. R.

21、 HilemanW. W. HinesM. HirakamiD. W. JacksonS. S. KershawJ. L. KoepfingerF. Lembo, JrD. W. LenkJ. A. MambucaE. H. MarrowF. D. MartzloffD. J. MelvoldJ. J. NapiorkowskiO. NigolR. OdenbergW. R. OssmanJ. C. OsterhourM. ParenteS. A. PotocnyP. RichmanP. D. SperanzaK. B. StumpA. SweetanaE. R. TaylorA. C. We

22、stromS. G. WhisenantE. J. YasudaWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 12, 1987, it had the following membership:Donald C. Fleckenstein, Chair Marco W. Migliaro, Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr, Secretary James H. BeallDennis BodsonMarshall L. CainJames M. DalyStephen R. DillonEugene

23、 P. FogartyJay ForsterKenneth D. HendrixIrvin N. HowellLeslie R. KerrJack KinnIrving KolodnyJoseph L. Koepfinger*Edward LohseJohn MayLawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungDonald T. Michael*L. John RankineJohn P. RiganatiGary S. RobinsonFrank L. RoseRobert E. RountreeWilliam R. TackaberryWilliam B. Wilke

24、nsHelen M. Wood*Member emeritusvCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope and References .11.1 Scope 11.2 References 12. General Considerations .52.1 Overvoltages 52.2 Valve Arresters 92.3 Protective Levels 102.4 Insulation Withstand 112.5 Separation Effects 112.6 Insulation Coordination 113. Protection of Stations 123.1

25、 Introduction 123.2 Step-by-Step Procedures and Generalized Arrester Characteristics 123.3 Arrester Selection. 133.4 Protective Levels of Arresters 183.5 Locating Arresters and Determining Voltage at Protected Equipment 203.6 Determining Insulation Strength 223.7 Evaluating Insulation Coordination .

26、 233.8 Transformer Series Windings, Nonloaded Windings, and Ungrounded Neutrals. 283.9 Protection of Dry-Type Insulation . 283.10 Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks and Large-Capacitance Cables . 293.11 Protection of Rotating Machines 293.12 Protection of Gas-Insulated Substations 304. Protection o

27、f Distribution Systems .314.1 Introduction 314.2 General Procedure 314.3 Selection of Arrester Ratings . 324.4 Insulation Coordination 334.5 Arrester Connections 334.6 Protection of Distribution Circuits. 344.7 Protection of Capacitor Banks . 354.8 Protection of Switches, Reclosers, Etc. 354.9 Prote

28、ction of Series Windings 354.10 Protection of Equipment on Underground Systems. 384.11 Contaminated Atmospheres . 394.12 Ferroresonance Effects. 394.13 Disconnectors and External Gaps 394.14 Current-Limiting Fuses 405. Bibliography40Annex A (Informative) Protective Characteristics of Surge Arresters

29、 .41Annex B (Informative) Surge Arrester Applications for EHV Systems.48viCLAUSE PAGEAnnex C (Informative) Evaluation of Separation Effects In Simple Substations.51Annex D (Informative) Definitions.56Annex E (Informative) Coefficient of Grounding (COG) Calculations .62Annex F (Informative) Arrester

30、Stroke Currents, Arresters Connected to Distribution Lines.63Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights Reserved1An American National StandardIEEE Guide for the Application of Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems1. Scope and References1.1 ScopeThis standard covers the applicati

31、on of gapped silicon-carbide surge arresters (see ANSI/IEEE Std C62.1-1984 1)1to safeguard electric power equipment against the hazards of abnormally high voltage surges of various origins. Suchovervoltages may cause ash-overs and serious damage to equipment, thereby jeopardizing the supply of power

32、 tousers. It is essential to prevent this by the proper coordination of surge protective devices with the insulation strengthof the protected equipment.The subject is a broad one with many ramications, and it would require a volume of considerable bulk to explain allpossible cases in detail. Section

33、 3 of this standard covers the basic cases for stations used to supply and switch electricpower transmission, subtransmission, or distribution feeders. Information is included in Section 4 on application ofarresters for protection of overhead distribution systems, both open-wire and spacer cable; un

34、derground system cables;all distribution transformers; and other electric distribution equipment.Step-by-step directions toward proper solutions for various applications are provided. For many cases the prescribedsteps are adequate. Complex situations or special situations requiring study by experie

35、nced engineers are described,but specic solutions may not be given. These procedures are based on theoretical studies, test results, and experience.1.2 ReferencesWhen American National Standards referred to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by theAmerican National Standards Inst

36、itute, Inc, the revision shall apply:1 ANSI/IEEE C62.1-1984, IEEE Standard for Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits.22 ANDERSON, R. B. and ERIKSSON, A. J. Lightning Parameters for Engineering Application. Electra, No. 69,March, 1980, pp 5102.1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the refer

37、ences listed in 1.2; numbers in brackets preceeded by letters correspond to numbers in thereference sections of the Appendixes. 2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018; IEEEpublications may be obtained from

38、the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.2Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights ReservedANSI/IEEE C62.2-1987 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF GAPPED SILICON-CARBIDE3 BERGER, K., ANDERSON, R. B., and KRONINGER, H. Parameters of Lightning Flashes. ElectraNo. 41, July,19

39、75, pp 2327.4 IEEE Committee Report. A Simplied Method for Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines.IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1985, PAS-104, 4:919932.5 ANDERSON, J. G. Transmission Line Reference Book345 kV and Above. Second Edition, Palo Alto, ElectricPower Res

40、earch Institute, 1982, Chapter 12.6 ERIKSSON, A. J., and MEAL, D. V. The Incidence of Direct Lightning Strikes to Structures and Overhead Lines.IEEE Conference on Lightning and Power Systems, London, June, 1984.7 HILEMAN, A. R. Weather and Its Effect on Air Insulation Specications. IEEE Transactions

41、 on PS, Paper 84216,presented at the 1984 Winter Meeting.8 BEWLEY, L. V. Traveling Waves On Transmission Systems. New York: Wiley, 1951; Dover, 1963.9 WAGNER, C. F., GROSS, I. W., and LLOYD, B. L. High-Voltage Impulse Tests On Transmission Lines. IEEETransactions (Power Apparatus and Systems). 1954,

42、 73: 196210.10 AIEE Committee Report. Switching Surges, IPhase-to-ground voltages. AIEE Transactions (Power Apparatusand Systems). 1961, 80:240-261.11 IEEE Committee Report. Switching Surges, IISelection of Typical Waves for Insulation Coordination. IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1

43、966, PAS-85:1091-1097.12 IEEE Committee Report. Switching Surges, IIIField and Analyzer Results for Transmission Lines. Past,Present, and Future Trends. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1970, PAS-89:173-189.13 ANSI C92.1-1982, American National Standard Voltage Values for Preferred

44、Transient Insulation Levels. 14 WITZKE, R. L., and BLISS, T. J. Coordination of Lightning Arrester Location with Transformer InsulationLevel. AIEE Transactions. 1950, 69:964-975.15 SAKSHAUG, E. C. Current Limiting Gap ArrestersSome Fundamental Considerations. IEEE Transactions onPower Apparatus and

45、Systems. 1971, PAS-90:1563-1573.16 FLUGUM, R. W. Operation of Lightning Arresters on Abnormal Power Frequency Voltages. IEEE Transactionson Power Apparatus and Systems. 1970, PAS-89:1444-1451.17 SHIE, A., and HUSE, J. Currents Through Surge Arresters Due to Lightning with Main Reference to Distribut

46、ionSystems. Electra. May, 1978, 58:41-78.18 BROWN, G. W., and THUNANDER, S. Frequency of distribution arrester discharge currents due to directstrokes. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1976, PAS-95:1571-1578.19 IEEE Working Group of the Lightning Protective Devices Subcommittee. Lig

47、htning Protection in Multi-LineStations. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1968, PAS-87:1514-1521.20 WITSKE, R. L., and BLISS, T. J. Surge Protection of Cable Connected Equipment. AIEE Transactions. 69:527-542, 1950.21 OWEN, R. S., and CLINKENBEARD, C. R. Surge Protection of UD Cable

48、 SystemsPart 1. Paper F77-710-7,IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1977.Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights Reserved3SURGE ARRESTERS FOR ALTERNATING-CURRENT SYSTEMS ANSI/IEEE C62.2-198722 Electric Power Research Institute. Surge Behavior of UD Cable Systems. Report EL-720, 1978 April.23 POWEL

49、L, R. W. Lightning Protection of Underground Residential Circuits. IEEE Transactions on PowerApparatus and Systems. 1967, PAS-86:1052-1056.24 ANSI/IEEE Std C57.13-1978 (R1986), IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers. 25 ANSI/IEEE Std C57.21-1981, IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Shunt ReactorsOver 500 kVA. 26 ANSI/IEEE Std C57.12.00-1987, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution,Power, and Regulating Transformers. 27 ANSI/