ANSI C136.28-2006 Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment - Glass Lenses Used in Luminaires《道路和区域照明设备.灯具用的玻璃透镜》.pdf

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1、ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) Reaffirmation of ANSI C136.28-2006 American National Standard Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment Glass Lenses Used in Luminaires Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reprod

2、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) Reaffirmat

3、ion of ANSI C136.28-2006 American National Standard Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment Glass Lenses Used in Luminaires Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved July 6, 2006 Published September 30, 2011 Reaffirmed September 16, 2011 American National Standards Institute, I

4、nc. Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in

5、 the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is

6、 one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of c

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9、teness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to JXDUDQWHH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI DQ LQGLYLGXDO PDQXIDFWXUHU RU VHOOHUV SURGXFWV RU VHUYLFHV Evirtue of t

10、his standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document sho

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14、vided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2011 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights rese

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16、lectronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other crit

17、eria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but no

18、t necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the s

19、tandards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreove

20、r, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. T

21、his American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on a

22、ll standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) v13 2 2 4 This pag

23、e intentionally left blank. Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) 3 5 CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 2 Informative references 2 3 Definitions . 2

24、4 Materials requirements 4 5 Impact strength . 4 6 Thermal shock resistance . 5 7 Tempered (breakage properties) 5 8 Test methods and visual inspection 5 Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

25、ed without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) v15 2 2 4 1 Scope This standard covers flat and molded glass of soda-lime and borosilicate materials used as lenses for roadway and area lighting luminaires. This standard includes definitions, criteria, and test methods for mechanical and im

26、pact strength, thermal shock resistance, and temper for both materials. 2 Informative references This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the following publications. The latest edition of the publication applies (including amendments). ASTM C162-04, Standard Terminology of Glass and Gla

27、ss Products ASTM C1036-01, Standard Specification for Flat Glass ASTM C1048-04, Standard Specification for Heat-treated Flat GlassKind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass IEC 60598, Luminaires UL 1598, Luminaires, Second Edition, 2004 3 Definitions 3.1 Glass treatments 3.1.1 Annealed glass Glass t

28、hat has been subjected to a controlled cooling process designed to reduce residual thermal stresses to acceptable levels. 3.1.2 Chemically strengthened glass Glass that has been subjected to an ion exchange process to produce a compressive stress layer at the treated surface. 3.1.3 Heat strengthened

29、 glass Glass that has been subjected to a thermal process followed by a rapid cooling process to produce a compressive stress layer at the surface which is considerably less than the magnitude of that produced by tempering. Heat strengthened glass is approximately twice the strength of comparable an

30、nealed glass. 3.1.4 Tempered glass Glass that has been subjected to a thermal treatment followed by very rapid cooling to produce a FRPSUHVVLYHVWUHVVODHUDWWKHVXUIDFH7KHWHUPWHPSHUHGDVXVHGLQWKLVVWDQGDUGUHIHUVWRJODVVthat is fully tempered. Fully tempered glass is up to five times the strength of compar

31、able annealed glass. Fully tempered glass will dice into sufficiently small pieces when fractured so as to reduce the risk of injury or property damage to persons or equipment under the luminaire. 1 Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot fo

32、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) 3 5 3.2 Imperfections 3.2.1 Crush A lightly pitted area resulting in a dull gray or white appearance over the region. 3.2.2 Digs Deep, short scratches or gouges. 3.2.3 Dirt A small particle of fore

33、ign material embedded in the glass surface. 3.2.4 Gaseous inclusion A tiny round or elongated bubble in the glass. 3.2.5 Knot A transparent area of incompletely assimilated glass. 3.2.6 Lines Fine strings of glass, usually on the surface of sheet glass. 3.2.7 Open gaseous inclusions Open bubbles in

34、the surface of the glass leaving a cavity at the surface. 3.2.8 Process surface imperfections Slight surface imperfections caused by inclusion of small foreign particles or irregularities in the surface. 3.2.9 Ream Inclusions, layers, or strings within the body of the glass that are not homogenous w

35、ith the glass. 3.2.10 Rub Abrasion on the glass surface giving a frosted appearance. A rub is much wider than a scratch. 3.2.11 Scratch Any tearing of the surface appearing as though it was made by a sharp object. 3.2.12 Smoke Streaked areas having a slight discoloration. 3.2.13 Stone Any crystallin

36、e inclusion within the body of the glass. 2 Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) v17 2 2 4 3.2.14 String A transparent line appearing

37、 as though a thread of glass was embedded in the sheet. 3.2.15 Tong marks Marks left on the glass by the holding apparatus during a thermal treatment process. 3.2.16 Wave Irregularities on the surface of the glass making objects or reflections viewed at varying angles appear wavy. 3.3 Breakage 3.3.1

38、 Dice Small pieces of broken glass resulting from the fracture of fully tempered glass. 3.3.2 Shards Large pieces of sharp tapered glass resulting from the breakage of non-tempered glass which when falling upon a person or equipment can cause significant injury or damage. 4 Materials requirements 4.

39、1 Soda-lime glass Any silicate glass having a high concentration of soda, sodium oxide, and lime (calcium oxide) having a thermal coefficient of expansion in the range of 85-97 x 10-7 /qC, (42-60 x 10-7 /oF) where length is given in centimeters (inches). The modulus of elasticity is in the range of

40、0.7-0.71 x 106kg/cm2(10-10.2 x 106lb/in2). The maximum working temperature limit per this standard shall be 240qC. 4.2 Borosilicate glass Any silicate glass having at least a 5% content of boron oxide and having a thermal coefficient of expansion in the range of 32-46 x 10-7/qC, ( 22-53 x 10-7 /oF)

41、where length is given in centimeters (inches). The modulus of elasticity is in the range of 0.65-0.66 x 106kg/cm2(9.3-9.5 x 106lb/in2). The maximum working temperature limit per this standard shall be 260qC. 5 Impact strength The glass lens shall withstand the impact load as applicable in Table 1. T

42、able 1 Impact load Mounting location Load Ground (facing up) 6.8 N-m (5 ft-lb) Overhead (facing down) 2.7 N-m (2 ft-lb) 3 Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-

43、ANSI C136.28-2006 (R2011) 3 5 6 Thermal shock resistance The glass lens material shall be resistant to thermal shock as listed in Table 2. The lens shall be tested per the method described in Clause 8.2. Table 2 Resistance to thermal shock Material Differential test temperature (q C) Tempered soda-l

44、ime flat glass 240 Strengthened borosilicate flat glass 260 Molded and tempered soda-lime glass 100 Molded borosilicate glass 80 7 Tempered (breakage properties) When a fully tempered glass lens is specified, the glass lens shall dice into small pieces when fractured to minimize the risk of injury o

45、r property damage from falling glass. The broken piece count shall not be less than 60 per 2500 mm2(3.875 in.2) per the test procedure in Clause 8.3. 8 Test methods and visual inspection 8.1 Safety Adequate safety equipment, such as safety glasses, gloves, etc., should be employed to prevent injury

46、and property damage. 8.2 Thermal shock resistance The sample shall be heated in an oven for at least 3 hours to achieve the temperature differential in Table 2 per the material type and form and then fully immersed in water at 4q r 3qC. No fractures or breakage shall occur. 8.3 Tempered (breakage pr

47、operties) This test applies only to glass that has been fully tempered. Annealed, heat, or chemically strengthened glass shall not dice. The sample shall be placed in an adequate container such as a cardboard box and impacted with a center punch at a point approximately 30 mm (1.18 in.) from an edge

48、. After 5 minutes count the number of fragments within an area 50 mm (1.97 in.) square centered about the impact point. The sample is considered to pass if the number of fragments is greater than or equal to 60. Any fragments intersected by the 50 mm (1.97 in.) square may be counted. An aid such as shown in Figure 1 is recommended. 4 Copyright