AIAA S-017B-2015 Aerodynamic Decelerator and Parachute Drawings.pdf

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1、 ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 American National Standard Aerodynamic Decelerator and Parachute Drawings Sponsored by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved 30 April 2015 American National Standards Institute Approved 13 July 2015 Abstract This standard establishes terminology critical

2、to communication about the design and function of parachutes. It further sets requirements for the graphic description of materials, stitching, seams, view, and projections, with related dimensions and tolerances, all of which are consistent with current practice. Many figures are included to illust

3、rate the requirements. Additional illustrations of many of the most common types of parachutes are provided in an annex. ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 ii Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met

4、 by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen

5、sus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufactu

6、ring, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the rig

7、ht or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American Na

8、tional Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to affirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive cur

9、rent information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191 Copyright 2015 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics All rights reserved No part

10、 of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-62410-374-2 American National Standard ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 iii Contents Foreword . vi Introducti

11、on vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Tailoring . 1 3 Applicable Documents . 1 4 Vocabulary . 1 4.1 Terms and Definitions 1 5 Requirements 28 5.1 Exceptions to Basic Drawing Conventions . 28 5.2 General Notes 35 5.3 Views and Projections 36 5.4 Seams and Stitching 43 5.5 Identification Markings . 47 5.6 Finished Ver

12、sus Pattern Dimensions . 48 Annex A Parachute Canopy Profile and Gore Views (Informative) . 50 Index 74 Figures Figure 1 Drawing straight stitching 29 Figure 2 Crossed stitching pattern (box X stitch) . 29 Figure 3a Zigzag stitching type 304 . 30 Figure 3b Zigzag stitching type 308 . 30 Figure 4 Ove

13、redge stitching. 30 Figure 5 Cutaway in lieu of hidden or phantom lines . 31 Figure 6 Material thickness 31 Figure 7a Portrayal of round cord in section views 32 Figure 7b Portrayal of flat braided cord in section views . 32 Figure 7c Examples of portrayal of tape fasteners in section views 32 Figur

14、e 8 Section view 33 Figure 9 Stacked versus baseline dimensions. 35 Figure 10 Third view not required to define width of part . 37 Figure 11 Sample inflated profile view . 37 Figure 12 Sample top view 38 Figure 13 Gore construction view 39 ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 iv Figure 14 Removed section . 40 Figu

15、re 15a Detail view 1 41 Figure 15b Detail view 2 41 Figure 16 Marking view . 42 Figure 17 Omitted features 42 Figure 18 Cross-referenced views . 43 Figure 19 Multiple rows of straight stitching . 44 Figure 20 Three-point cross stitch . 44 Figure 21 Box stitch . 44 Figure 22 Box X stitch . 44 Figure

16、23 Diamond stitching (multiple point) . 44 Figure 24 Zigzag stitching (Type 304) . 44 Figure 25 Split four-point cross stitch 44 Figure 26 Staggered three-point cross stitch . 44 Figure 27 Bartack stitch . 45 Figure 28 Plain lapped seam . 45 Figure 29 French fell seam 45 Figure 30 Reinforced French

17、fell seam 45 Figure 31 Plain hem 46 Figure 32 Plain hem with interior reinforcements . 46 Figure 33 Rolled hem 46 Figure 34 Bound hem 46 Figure 35 Enlarged view of double-throw zigzag stitching . 47 Figure 36 Location of dimensions 49 Figure A.1 Flat circular parachute 51 Figure A.2 Conical parachut

18、e 52 Figure A.3 Bi-conical parachute . 53 Figure A.4 Tri-conical parachute 54 Figure A.5 Flat extended skirt parachute . 55 Figure A.6 Full extended skirt parachute . 56 Figure A.7 Hemispherical parachute . 57 Figure A.8 Ribbed guide surface parachute 58 Figure A.9 Ribless guide surface parachute 59

19、 Figure A.10 Annular parachute 60 Figure A.11 Cruciform (cross) parachute . 61 Figure A.12 Supersonic-X parachute . 62 Figure A.13 Flat circular ribbon parachute . 63 ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 v Figure A.14 Conical ribbon parachute . 64 Figure A.15 Hemisflo parachute 65 Figure A.16 Ringslot parachute .

20、66 Figure A.17 Ringsail parachute . 67 Figure A.18 Disk-gap-band parachute . 68 Figure A.19 Rotofoil parachute 69 Figure A.20 Vortex ring parachute . 70 Figure A.21 Single keel parawing parachute . 71 Figure A.22 Twin keel parawing parachute . 72 Figure A.23 Parafoil (ram air) parachute . 73 Tables

21、Table 1 Example tolerance note with table 34 Table 2 Example tolerance note in SI units . 34 Table 3 Example table of stitches per inch for various thread sizes 36 ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 vi Foreword The purpose of this standard is to help government and private organizations prepare parachute drawing

22、 details in a reasonably uniform format. For parachute drawings, it offers guidelines on exceptions to basic drawing standards; general notes; views and projections, seams and stitching, identification markings; and finished and pattern dimensions. Every attempt has been made to base this standard o

23、n widely accepted usage by government and industry. By following the requirements and recommendations of this standard, developing groups will help create consistent parachute drawings, which will enhance their usefulness in design and manufacturing applications. This standard was prepared by the AI

24、AA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Committee on Standards, functioning as a subcommittee of the Technical Committee of the same name. A need for a national standard for decelerator drawing had been perceived, and this document is the response to that need. Because of some unique properties, aerodyna

25、mic decelerator drawings need some special conventions. In addition to improved clarity, it is intended to help prevent misunderstanding and disagreements about interpretation and problems with quality control or inspection due to differing drawing conventions. A standard used by Sandia Laboratories

26、 was the starting point for this standard. Inputs were provided by members of the AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technical Committee representing industry, government, and academia. Additional inputs were provided by the Parachute Industry Association and the U.S. Army Natick Research, Develop

27、ment, and Engineering Center on behalf of the Department of Defense. The official DoD adoption notice is reprinted on page viii. This second revision of the standard began in 2014. Members of the AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technical Committee, Standards Working Group are: John Watkins, Cha

28、ir Pioneer Aerospace Corp. Charles M. Fremaux NASA Langley Research Center Elsa Hennings Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division Frank Kerrigan U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center Robert Schober Pioneer Aerospace Corp. Oleg Yakimenko Naval Postgraduate School Additional assistance was provided by: Ign

29、atius Kapp Performance Designs, Inc. Robert Sinclair Airborne Systems The above consensus body approved this document in March 2015. The AIAA Standards Executive Council (Vice President, Laura McGill, Chairperson) accepted the document for publication in April 2015. The AIAA Standards Procedures dic

30、tates that all approved Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides are advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. There is no agreement to adhere to any AIAA standards publication and no commitment to conform to or be guided by standards reports. In form

31、ulating, revising, and approving standards publications, the committees on standards will not consider patents that may apply to the subject matter. Prospective users of the publications are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents or copyright or both. ANS

32、I/AIAA S-017B-2015 vii AIAA S-017B ADOPTION NOTICE AIAA S-017B, AERODYNAMIC DECELERATOR AND PARACHUTE DRAWINGS, STANDARD was adopted on 03-JAN-92 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, US Army Soldier

33、Systems Center, Attn: AMSRD-NS-CG, 10 Kansas St., Natick, MA 01760-5000. Copies of this document may be purchased from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344. http:/arc.aiaa.org/ Custodians: Adopting Activity: Army GL Army

34、GL Navy OS Air Force 16 Reviewer Activities: Army AR, GL, TR Navy AS Air Force 11, 82 DLA GS AREA DRPR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ANSI/AIAA S-017B-2015 viii Introduction This drawing standard refers to federal and military specifications which,

35、as of the time of this revision, are either equivalent to existing commercial specifications or are in the process of being converted to commercial specifications. The federal or military specification should be considered a reference only. This standard supplements the requirements of MIL-DTL-31000

36、, “Product Drawings and Associated Lists,” for drawings with conventions for textile drawings used for parachutes and components. Uniform practices for stating and interpreting these conventions are established herein. Where drawings are based on this standard, this fact shall be noted on the drawin

37、gs or in a document referenced on the drawings. References to this standard shall state “ANSI/AIAA-S-017B-2014.“ This standard was intended to supplement rather than replace MIL-STD-100 and the following American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) documents: ASME Y14.2, Line Conventions and Lett

38、ering ASME Y14.3, Orthographic and Pictorial Views ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing In the time since the last revision of this standard, MIL-STD-100 has been superseded by the following documents: ASME Y14.100, Engineering Drawing Practices ASME Y14.24, Types and Applications of Engineering

39、 Drawings ASME/ANSI Y14.34, Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists: Associated Lists ASME/ANSI Y14.35M, Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents The following standards and specifications are also referenced in this standard: ASTM-D-6193, A-A-55126, and A-A-59291. In the event of

40、a conflict between the text of this standard and the references cited, the text of this standard shall take precedence. The figures in this standard are intended only as illustrations to aid the user in understanding the principles and methods of representing textile drawings given in the text. The

41、absence of a figure illustrating the desired application is neither reason to assume inapplicability nor basis for rejection of the drawing. In some instances figures show added detail for emphasis, in other instances figures are incomplete by intent. Notes herein in capital letters are intended to

42、appear on finished drawings. Notes in lower case are explanatory only and are not intended to appear on drawings. Notes as given are generic in nature and should be adapted to the specific end-item requirements. 1 Scope This standard establishes terminology for 270 terms critical to communication ab

43、out the design and function of parachutes. It further sets requirements for the graphic description of materials, stitching, seams, view, and projections, with related dimensions and tolerances, all of which are consistent with current procurement practice. Many figures are included to illustrate th

44、e requirements. Additional illustrations of many of the most common types of parachutes are provided in an annex. 2 Tailoring The terminology, figures, and information included in this standard provide recommended practices that are for guidance only. As such, the information in this standard may be

45、 tailored to meet the requirements, practices, and conventions of a specific organization; parachute program; drawings for a parachute system or component; or technical information such as parachute packing, rigging, and maintenance manuals. 3 Applicable Documents The following documents contain pro

46、visions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of apply

47、ing the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. The following standards and specifications are also referenced in this standard. In the event of a conflict between the text of this stan

48、dard and the references cited, the text of this standard shall take precedence. 3.1 Standards and Specifications A-A-55126 Fastener Tapes, Hook and Loop, Synthetic (07 SEP 2006) A-A-59291 Ink, Marking (for Parachutes and Other Textile Items) ASTM-D-6193 Standard Practice for Stitches and Seams FED-S

49、TD-751 Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings Note: Superseded by ASTM-D-6193. FED-STD-595C Colors Used in Government Procurement MIL-STD-130 Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property (17 DEC 2007) MIL-STD-849 Inspection Requirements, Definitions and Classification of Defects for Parachutes (31 JUL 2009) 3.2 Recommended References Ewing, E. G., Bixby, H. W., Knacke, T. W. Recovery System Design Guide, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, AF