AGMA 6014-B15-2015 Gear Power Rating for Cylindrical Shell and Trunnion Supported Equipment.pdf

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1、ANSI/AGMA6014-B15ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 (Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6014-A06) American National Standard Gear Power Rating for Cylindrical Shell and Trunnion Supported Equipment AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 2015 All rights reserved i Gear Power Rating for Cylindrical Shell and Trunnion

2、Supported Equipment ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6014-A06 Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in t

3、he judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and th

4、at a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or proc

5、edures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National

6、 Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by

7、experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See AGMA 6014-B15, Gear Power Rating for Cyli

8、ndrical Shell and Trunnion Supported Equipment, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved October 21, 2015 ABSTRACT This standard specifies a method for rating the pitting resistance and bendi

9、ng strength of open or semi-enclosed gearing for use on cylindrical shell and trunnion supported equipment such as grinding mills, kilns, coolers, and dryers. This includes spur, self-aligning spur, single helical, double helical, and herringbone gears made from steel, ductile iron, and austempered

10、ductile iron. Annexes cover installation, alignment, maintenance, combination drives, and lubrication. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2015 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No

11、part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-55589-045-2 American National Standard AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 201

12、5 All rights reserved ii Contents Foreword . v 1 Scope 1 1.1 Applicability . 1 1.2 Rating formulas 1 1.3 Limitations 2 1.4 Exceptions 2 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions and symbols 4 3.1 Definitions . 4 3.1.1 Self-aligning pinion 4 3.2 Symbols 4 4 Application 6 4.1 Manufacturing quality . 6

13、4.1.1 Geometric quality 6 4.1.2 Metallurgy 7 4.1.3 Residual stress 7 4.2 Lubrication 7 4.3 Temperature extremes . 7 4.3.1 Cold temperature operation 7 4.3.2 Temperature gradient 7 4.4 Other considerations 7 4.4.1 Service damaged teeth . 7 4.4.2 Misalignment and deflection of foundations 8 4.4.3 Defl

14、ection due to external loads 8 4.4.4 System dynamics 8 4.4.5 Corrosion . 8 5 Criteria for tooth capacity 8 5.1 Relationship of pitting resistance and bending strength ratings . 8 5.2 Pitting resistance 8 5.3 Surface conditions not covered by pitting resistance formula 9 5.4 Bending strength 9 5.5 Co

15、nditions not covered by the bending strength formula . 9 6 Rating formulas. 9 6.1 Pitting resistance 9 6.1.1 Pitting resistance power rating 9 6.2 Bending strength 10 6.2.1 Bending strength power rating 10 6.2.2 Rim thickness factor, KBm 11 7 Geometry factors, I and J . 11 7.1 Pitting resistance geo

16、metry factor, I . 11 7.2 Bending strength geometry factor, J. 12 7.3 Calculation method . 12 8 Dynamic factor, Kvm 12 8.1 Dynamic factor considerations . 12 8.2 Approximate dynamic factor, Kvm . 12 8.2.1 Curves labeled Av = 7 through Av = 11 13 9 Elastic coefficient, Cp 14 10 Service factor 14 11 Ha

17、rdness ratio factor, CH 15 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 2015 All rights reserved iii 12 Load distribution factor, Kmm . 16 12.1 Values for load distribution factor, Kmm . 16 12.2 Face load distribution factor, Cmf 16 12.3 Self-aligning pinions . 19 13 Allowable stress numbers,

18、sac and sat . 20 13.1 Guide for case depth of carburized and induction hardened pinions . 39 14 Momentary overloads . 40 14.1 Yield strength for steel pinions and gears 40 14.2 Yield strength of ductile iron gears . 41 14.3 Yield strength of ADI pinions and gears . 41 15 Stress cycle factors, ZN and

19、 YN . 41 15.1 Load cycles . 42 15.2 Stress cycle factors for steel and ductile iron gears . 42 15.3 Stress cycle factors for ADI gears 42 Annexes Annex A (informative) New equipment installation and alignment 44 Annex B (informative) Multiple motor drive characteristics . 47 Annex C (informative) Ri

20、m thickness/deflection . 50 Annex D (informative) Open gearing lubrication . 52 Annex E (informative) Sample problems 58 Annex F (informative) Material mechanical properties . 65 Annex G (informative) Operation and maintenance . 67 Annex H (informative) Service factors 69 Annex I (informative) Metho

21、d for determination of dynamic factor with AGMA 2000-A88 6 71 Annex J (informative) Considerations for use of combination drives 73 Annex K Bibliography 75 Figures Figure 1 Rim thickness factor, KBm. 11 Figure 2 Dynamic factor, Kvm . 12 Figure 3 Hardness ratio factor, CH . 15 Figure 4 Pinion proport

22、ion factor, Cpf . 18 Figure 5 Mesh alignment factor, Cma 19 Figure 6 Allowable contact stress number for through hardened steel gears, sac . 36 Figure 7 Allowable bending stress number for through hardened steel gears, sat . 36 Figure 8 Allowable contact stress number for ductile iron gears, sac . 3

23、7 Figure 9 Allowable bending stress number for ductile iron gears, sat. 37 Figure 10 Allowable contact stress number for ADI gears, sac . 38 Figure 11 Allowable bending stress number for ADI gears, sat 38 Figure 12 Hardening pattern obtainable on pinion teeth with induction hardening 39 Figure 13 Mi

24、nimum effective case depth for carburized and induction hardened pinions, he min . 39 Figure 14 Steel and ductile iron pitting resistance stress cycle factor, ZN . 42 Figure 15 Steel and ductile iron bending strength stress cycle factor, YN . 43 Figure 16 ADI pitting resistance stress cycle factor,

25、ZN . 43 Figure 17 ADI bending strength stress cycle factor, YN . 43 Figure C.1 Tee section gearing 50 Figure C.2 Box (Y or delta) section gearing . 51 Figure C.3 Pinions 51 Figure I.1 Dynamic factor, Kvm . 71 Figure J.1 Typical combination drive . 73 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGM

26、A 2015 All rights reserved iv Tables Table 1 Symbols and definitions . 5 Table 2 Empirical constants: A, B, and C . 18 Table 3 Allowable contact stress number, sac, for steel, ductile iron and ADI 20 Table 4 Allowable bending stress number, sat, for steel, ductile iron and ADI . 20 Table 5 Metallurg

27、ical characteristics for through hardened steel pinions and gears . 21 Table 6 Metallurgical characteristics for ductile iron gears 25 Table 7 Metallurgical characteristics for wrought carburized and hardened pinions . 27 Table 8 Metallurgical characteristics for wrought induction hardened pinions 3

28、1 Table 9 Metallurgical characteristics for cast ADI pinions and gears 34 Table D.1 Minimum viscosity recommendations for open gearing continuous lubricant application 56 Table D.2 Minimum viscosity recommendations for open gearing intermittent lubricant application . 56 Table D.3 Residual type lubr

29、icant quantity guidelines . 57 Table F.1 Alloy steel . 65 Table F.2 Ductile iron . 66 Table F.3 ADI . 66 Table G.1 Inspections 68 Table H.1 Minimum service factors (for a duty cycle of 24 hours per day) 69 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 2015 All rights reserved v Foreword The for

30、eword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA Standard 6014-B15, Gear Power Rating for Cylindrical Shell and Trunnion Supported Equipment. AGMA 321.01 was originally developed to cover gears used prim

31、arily for ball and rod mills, and for kilns and dryers. It was approved in October 1943, and later modified in June 1946. In June 1951, AGMA 321.03 was approved as a standard. Further changes and additions were approved in June 1959, and AGMA 321.04 was issued in March 1960. AGMA 321.05 was approved

32、 in March 1968 and issued in March 1970. In February 1979, the Mill Gearing Committee was reorganized to review AGMA 321.05 and revise it in accordance with AGMA 218.01, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and Helical Involute Gear Teeth. With AGMA 218.01 as a guide, the commi

33、ttee submitted the first draft of ANSI/AGMA 6004-F88 in March 1984. ANSI/AGMA 6004-F88 superseded AGMA 321.05, Design Practice for Helical and Herringbone Gears for Cylindrical Grinding Mills, Kilns, Coolers, and Dryers. It was approved by the AGMA membership in January 1988 and approved as an Ameri

34、can National Standard on May 31, 1988. ANSI/AGMA 6004 was not widely accepted by the industry and many continued to use AGMA 321.05. As such, the AGMA Mill Gearing Committee began work on ANSI/AGMA 6014-A06 in November 2001. Changes to the standard include a new dynamic factor analysis as a function

35、 of transmission accuracy number, revised allowable stress numbers, the use of the stress cycle factor in the rating practice, and ratings for gears made from ductile iron. Extensive discussions on new equipment installation and alignment, lubrication, and use of ausferritic ductile iron (ADI) were

36、added to the annex. The AGMA Mill Gearing Committee began work on AGMA 6014-B15 in February 2011. Changes to the standard, based on committee experience and field performance of gear sets, include: - added load distribution factor for self-aligning pinions; - modified values of stfor ductile iron an

37、d ADI; - reformatted graph of minimum effective case depth for carburized and induction hardened pinions, he min; - moved austempered (formerly ausferritic) ductile iron from Annex H to the body of the standard; - revised Annex D to include information taken from ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02 8; - changed refe

38、rences to extreme pressure (EP) additives to antiscuff (AS) additives in Annex D. Users are encouraged to transition their terminology away from the term extreme pressure, or EP, and toward antiscuff, or AS; - updated material mechanical property information in Annex F; - added Annex J to provide in

39、formation on combination drives. Values for factors assigned in other standards are not applicable to this standard, nor are the values assigned in this standard applicable to other standards. The ability to design gears, and the knowledge and judgment required to properly evaluate the various ratin

40、g factors comes primarily from years of accumulated experience in gearing. The detailed treatment of the general rating formulas for specific applications is best accomplished by those experienced in the field. The first draft of AGMA 6014-B15 was made in September 2012. It was approved by the AGMA

41、membership in August 2015 and approved as an American National Standard on October 21, 2015. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They may be submitted to techagma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 2015 All rights reserved vi PERSONNEL of the AGMA Mill

42、Gearing Committee 6014 Subcommittee Committee Chairman: R. William Hankes A-C Equipment Services ACTIVE MEMBERS R. Calvert . Chalmers - spur gears with transverse contact ratio, mp, less than 1.0; - spur or helical gears with transverse contact ratio, mp, greater than 2.0; - interference exists betw

43、een tips of teeth and root fillets; - teeth are pointed as defined by this standard, see Clause 7; - backlash is zero; - undercut exists in an area above the theoretical start of active profile; - the root profiles are stepped or irregular, or deviate from the generated form. The J factor calculatio

44、n uses the stress concentration factors developed by Dolan and Broghamer 1. These factors may not be valid for root forms which are not smooth curves. For root profiles which are stepped or irregular, other stress correction factors may be more appropriate; - the helix angle at the standard (referen

45、ce) pitch diameter is greater than 20 degrees for single helical and 35 degrees for double helical. Fractures emanating from stress risers on the tooth profile, tip chipping, and failures of the gear blank through the web or rim should be analyzed by general machine design methods. AMERICAN NATIONAL

46、 STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6014-B15 AGMA 2015 All rights reserved 3 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards

47、 are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. AGMA 908-B89, Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength

48、 of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth AGMA 923-B05, Metallurgical Specifications for Steel Gearing AGMA 925-A03, Effect of Lubrication on Gear Surface Distress AGMA 927-A01, Load Distribution Factors Analytical Methods for Cylindrical Gears AGMA 938-A05, Shot Peening of Gears ANSI/AGMA 1010-F

49、14, Appearance of Gear Teeth Terminology of Wear and Failure ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth ANSI/AGMA 2004-C08, Gear Materials, Heat Treatment and Processing Manual ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328-1-B14, Cylindrical Gears ISO System of Flank Tolerance Classification Part 1: Definitions and Allowable Values of Deviations Relevant