API RP 13B-1-2009 Recommended Practice for Field Testing Water-based Drilling Fluids (FOURTH EDITION ISO 10414-1 2008 Adoption ERTA 1 August 2014)《现场测试用推荐实施规程.水基钻井液.第4版.采用ISO 10414.pdf

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1、Recommended Practice for Field Testing Water-based Drilling FluidsANSI/API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 13B-1FOURTH EDITION, MARCH 2009ERRATA 1, AUGUST 2014ISO 10414-1:2008 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesField testing of drilling fluidsPart 1: Water-based fluidsSpecial NotesAPI publication

2、s necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, eith

3、er express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees,

4、 subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Users of this recommended practice should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety jud

5、gment should be used in employing the information contained herein. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or

6、 guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate th

7、e broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intend

8、ed in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, o

9、r guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written pe

10、rmission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2009 American Petroleum InstituteAPI ForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manu

11、facture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order

12、 to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation

13、 in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, Am

14、erican Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least ev

15、ery five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washingt

16、on, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiii Contents Page API Foreword ii Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions . 2 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms

17、2 3.1 Symbols 2 3.2 Abbreviations . 6 4 Drilling fluid density (mud weight). 7 4.1 Principle 7 4.2 Apparatus . 7 4.3 Procedure . 7 4.4 Calculation . 8 5 Alternative drilling fluid density method . 9 5.1 Principle 9 5.2 Apparatus . 10 5.3 Procedure . 10 5.4 Calculation . 10 6 Viscosity and gel streng

18、th 11 6.1 Principle 11 6.2 Determination of viscosity using the Marsh funnel . 11 6.3 Determination of viscosity and/or gel strength using a direct-indicating viscometer . 11 7 Filtration . 14 7.1 Principle 14 7.2 Low-temperature/low-pressure test 14 7.3 High-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) test .

19、15 8 Water, oil and solids contents 18 8.1 Principle 18 8.2 Apparatus . 18 8.3 Procedure . 19 8.4 Calculation . 20 9 Sand content 22 9.1 Principle 22 9.2 Apparatus . 22 9.3 Procedure . 22 10 Methylene blue capacity . 23 10.1 Principle 23 10.2 Reagents and apparatus . 23 10.3 Procedure . 24 10.4 Calc

20、ulation . 26 11 pH 26 11.1 Principle 26 11.2 Reagents and apparatus . 27 11.3 Procedure for pH measurement . 28 iv 11.4 Care of electrode . 29 12 Alkalinity and lime content 29 12.1 Principle . 29 12.2 Reagents and apparatus 30 12.3 Procedure Phenolphthalein and methyl orange filtrate alkalinities 3

21、0 12.4 Procedure Phenolphthalein drilling fluid alkalinity 31 12.5 Calculation of ion concentrations from Pf and Mf . 31 12.6 Estimation of lime content . 31 13 Chloride ion content . 32 13.1 Principle . 32 13.2 Reagents and apparatus 32 13.3 Procedure 32 13.4 Calculation . 32 14 Total hardness as c

22、alcium . 33 14.1 Principle . 33 14.2 Reagents and apparatus 33 14.3 Procedure 34 14.4 Calculation . 35 Annex A (informative) Chemical analysis of water-based drilling fluids 36 Annex B (informative) Shear strength measurement using shearometer tube . 52 Annex C (informative) Resistivity . 54 Annex D

23、 (informative) Removal of air or gas prior to testing 56 Annex E (informative) Drill pipe corrosion ring coupon 57 Annex F (informative) Sampling, inspection and rejection 61 Annex G (informative) Rig-site sampling . 63 Annex H (informative) Calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, v

24、iscometers, retort-kit cup and drilling fluid balances 66 Annex I (normative) High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of water-based drilling fluids using the permeability-plugging apparatus and cells equipped with set-screw-secured end caps 71 Annex J (normative) High-temperature/high-pre

25、ssure filtration testing of water-based drilling fluids using the permeability-plugging apparatus and cells equipped with threaded end caps 81 Annex K (informative) Water-based drilling fluids report form . 90 Bibliography . 91 v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a

26、 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represente

27、d on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are draf

28、ted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Sta

29、ndard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10414-1 was prepare

30、d by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10414-1:2001), to which Annex

31、es I, J and K have been added and other minor changes made to the sentence structure, grammar and other non-technical editing. ISO 10414 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Field testing of drilling fluids: Part 1: Water-based fluids Part 2:

32、Oil-based fluids vi Introduction This part of ISO 10414 is based on API RP 13B-1, third edition, December 20032 and ISO 10414 (all parts)6. Annexes A to H and K of this part of ISO 10414 are for information only. Annexes I and J are normative. In this part of ISO 10414, where practical, U.S. Customa

33、ry (USC) units are included in brackets for information. API Recommended Practice 13B-1/ISO 10414-1 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries Field testing of drilling fluids Part 1: Water-based fluids DANGER As with any laboratory procedure requiring the use of potentially hazardous chemicals, the use

34、r is expected to have proper knowledge and to have received training in the use and disposal of these chemicals. The user is responsible for compliance with all applicable local, regional and national requirements for worker and local health, safety and environmental liability. 1 Scope This part of

35、ISO 10414 provides standard procedures for determining the following characteristics of water-based drilling fluids: a) drilling fluid density (mud weight); b) viscosity and gel strength; c) filtration; d) water, oil and solids contents; e) sand content; f) methylene blue capacity; g) pH; h) alkalin

36、ity and lime content; i) chloride content; j) total hardness as calcium. Annexes A through K provide additional test methods which may be used for chemical analysis for calcium, magnesium, calcium sulfate, sulfide, carbonate and potassium; determination of shear strength; determination of resistivit

37、y; removal of air; drill-pipe corrosion monitoring; sampling, inspection and rejection; 2 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FIELD TESTING WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS rig-site sampling; calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, viscometers, retort-kit cup and drilling-fluid balances; permeabili

38、ty-plugging testing at high temperature and high pressure for two types of equipment; example of a report form for water-based drilling fluid. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 ACS reagent grade chemical meeting the purity stand

39、ards specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS) 2.2 darcy permeability of a porous medium, where one darcy is the flow of a single-phase fluid of 1 cP viscosity that completely fills the voids of the porous medium, flowing through the medium under conditions of viscous flow at a rate of 1 ml s

40、 1 cm 2 cross-sectional area and under a pressure or equivalent hydraulic gradient of 1 atm cm 1 NOTE 1 cP 1 mPa s. 2.3 quarter verb mix and divide into four specimens to ensure homogeneity of specimens 2.4 spurt loss volume of fluid that passes through the filtration medium before a filter cake is

41、formed 2.5 tube sampling sampling method consisting of the withdrawal of powdered sample from bag or bulk via a cylindrical device pushed into the sample, locked shut and withdrawn 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Symbols NOTE Subscript “A” to symbol denotes metric units. Subscript “B” to symbol

42、denotes U.S. customary units. AA area, in square centimetres AB area, in square inches cb,A concentration of weighting material, in kilograms per cubic metre cb,B concentration of weighting material, in pounds per barrel cCa concentration of calcium ion, in milligrams per litre cCa+Mg concentration

43、of calcium and magnesium ion (total hardness), in milligrams per litre API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 13B-1/ISO 10414-1 3 cCaSO4,A concentration of calcium sulfate, in kilograms per cubic metre cCaSO4,B concentration of calcium sulfate, in pounds per barrel (USC) cCO2+CO3+HCO3 concentration of total solub

44、le carbonates, in milligrams per litre cCl concentration of chloride ion, in milligrams per litre cex-CaSO4,A concentration of excess, undissolved calcium sulfate, in kilograms per cubic metre cex-CaSO4,B concentration of excess, undissolved calcium sulfate, in pounds per barrel (USC) cf,KCl,A conce

45、ntration of potassium chloride in filtrate, in kilograms per cubic metre cf,KCl,B concentration of potassium chloride in filtrate, in pounds per barrel (USC) cK concentration of potassium ion, in milligrams per litre cKCl,A concentration of potassium chloride, in kilograms per cubic metre cKCl,B con

46、centration of potassium chloride, in pounds per barrel (USC) clg,A concentration of low-gravity solids, in kilograms per cubic metre clg,B concentration of low-gravity solids, in pounds per barrel clime,A lime content of the drilling fluid, in kilograms per cubic metre clime,B lime content of the dr

47、illing fluid, in pounds per barrel cMg concentration of magnesium ion, in milligrams per litre cNaCl,A concentration of sodium chloride, in milligrams per litre cNaCl,B concentration of sodium chloride, in parts per million by mass (USC) cS concentration of sulphide ion, in milligrams per litre cSS,

48、A suspended solids concentration, in kilograms per cubic metre cSS,B suspended solids concentration in pounds per barrel cMBT methylene blue capacity cth thermometer correction to be added to the working thermometer reading EBE,A bentonite equivalent, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre 4 RECOMME

49、NDED PRACTICE FOR FIELD TESTING WATER-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS EBE,B bentonite equivalent, expressed in pounds per barrel f tube factor from either Table A.1 or Table A.2, for sulfide or carbonate FW fraction (volume fraction) of water kcor correction factor K cell constant, in metres squared per metre lA submerged length of shear tube, in centimetres lB submerged length of shear tube, in inches lst Drger tube stain length mds mass of the dried sample, in grams ms mass of methylene blue, in grams mst mass of shear tube, in grams mtot total shear mass, in grams (sum of platfo